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Consciousness and unconsciousness. Theoretical analysis
Skála, Pavel ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
This theoretical study is looking into consciousness, unconsciousness and concepts that are associated with it. It also goes back to the historical approach to these two terms, yet it points out the terminological obstacles that are inseparably connected with them. Both constructs are being discussed from an integrated perspective therefore neither mapping of the neurobiology of consciousness nor the summary of the major approaches to the philosophical mind-body problem, is left out of consideration. The unconsciousness research methods are divided according to the predominant focus into experimental and clinical. The study also covers an analysis as well as a review of significant theoretical approaches to consciousness and unconsciousness. These theoretical concepts were classified based on distinction of relevant scientific disciplines that are used to describe the problems in question. Neurobiological, psychological and philosophical theories were later categorized according to this method. The final conclusion brings a complex overview of these topics previously dealt with in the study. It attempts to integrate the findings into a comprehensive framework and to deal with some general issues that indicate possibilities and limits of the theoretical and practical research into both phenomena....
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Arching
Willertová, Aneta ; Dolanová,, Lenka (referee) ; Klímová, Barbora (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is the formation of so-called "personal mythologies" - subjective constructs of reality which are created spontaneously and naturally as a result of the need of inner and outer world interpretation. These constructs are built on the groundwork of experiences, impressions and memories, associating organically and creating unique bonds. The work put a goal to make this topic as an environment which will show the spectator those bonds, background of their formation and final mythologies as a selfportraits unit.
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Operations of human mind and their functions in understanding
Slánský, Vojtěch ; Pstružina, Karel (advisor) ; Pavlíčková, Jarmila (referee)
Subject of this work is human mind. In first section there are described important mechanisms, on which mind operates. Second section is devoted for description of unconscious mind and weaknesses it has. Some of the phenomenons are tested by an experiment and results are in the end of related chapter. The goal of this work is to create sumary of functioning of human mind, mostly of unconscious part and to test mistakes people are making in their judgement.
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Dzogchen and its philosophical aspect in Bon tradition
KLOZAR, Karel
The thesis deals with philosophical aspect of Dzhgchen, which is the core of the Yungdrung Bon traditon. It is very special spiritual tradition because of it's very special nondualistic view of man and universe. First part deals with the history and division of it's teachings and it's Dzogchen lineages. Next part focuses on explanation of differences in views of sutra, tantra and Dzogchen, mainly from the standpoint of the view of base, path, fruit, emptiness, clarity, conscioussness and mind and it's nature. Next part provides translation of the text Twelve little tantras and it's deep explanation. Last part, and most important one, focuses on philosophical examination of some key aspects of Dzogchen, mainly on it's view of autenticity of mindnature. This part also compares Pramenides's fragments with some key points of view of Buddhism and Dzogchen, which may lead to some unexpected conclusions about man's thinking and the problem of it's intentionality.
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Imitation of human behavior by computer systems
Kovaľ, Jakub ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Antonín (referee)
This thesis deals with concept of artificial intelligence, mainly with attempts to imitate behavior of human beings. It uses theoretical findings of experts at this area. It lays out theories of A. Turing, his imitation game, concept of learning machine and implications of Turing Test. It examines critique of imitation game by J. R. Searle and his mindtest chinese room together with term intentionality and understanding, necessary for real conscious manifestations of intelligence. Limits of artificial reason by H. Dreyfus are also mentioned. Thesis analyzes chosen current systems which try to mimic human behavior. I puts into correlation their function and theories of individual philosophers. It doesn't restrict itself on strict evaluation of systems as whole, but also explore their parts and methods they use to solve given tasks. Thesis closes with summary of requirements accomplishment by individual programs according to listed theories, their meaning in context of artificial intelligence and hints a path development in this area is going to take.
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User interface in view of cognitive science
Šilar, Pavel ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bruckner, Tomáš (referee)
User interfaces of operating systems were often developed according to technological and marketing restrictions. Recently, more emphasis is aimed on the user who uses the operating system. User interfaces, which correspond to user's behavior and expectations, are designed. Cognitive science commits itself in the research of a human mind phenomenon. Its base was used to settle aspects of a human thinking which are related to a user interface and its functionality. It is mainly area of UI design, text elements and functions. Overall model of the user interface was established following recognized conclusions. This model was used to verify, if existing operating systems correspond to findings about the human mind. Correspondence among operating systems and cognitive science was recognized during the comparison of existing operating systems and the created model. Also some insufficiencies were identified, mainly in the area of stereometric design, using of gestalt principles, support of a user's training and involving learning methods of the artificial intelligence. Design of the user interface can be improved in these four areas to ensure better coherency with the human mind.
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