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Sub-types of hypokinetic dysarthria in patients with moderete Parkinson's disease
Adamják, Adam ; Kováč, Daniel (referee) ; Mekyska, Jiří (advisor)
This final thesis deals with the research of Parkinson's disease, hypokinetic dysarthria, and acoustic and statistical analyses. Hypokinetic dysarthria is a speech disorder that is a typical manifestation of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 2% of the population over the age of 65. The aim of this work is to reveal the subtypes of hypokinetic dysarthria, based on clinical parameters, acoustic analysis, and statistical analysis. In the acoustic analysis, parameters that examine the area of phonation, prosody, articulation, and speech tempo have been implemented. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was processed, thanks to which it was possible to reveal the subtypes of hypokinetic dysarthria.
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Assessing Movement of Articulatory Organs in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Novotný, K. ; Mekyska, J.
Hypokinetic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder often present during Parkinson’s disease. It affects the speech system, including articulatory abilities. There are several speech parameters describing this domain, so it is suggested to deal with their mutual comparison. This work aims to design and describe an algorithm for calculating the parameters of articulation, adapted for the Czech language, and then compare their discriminative power. The acoustic analysis of speech included in it is done via the Praat program and basic machine learning algorithms such as Expectation-Maximization, K-means and linear regression are used for the subsequent data processing. The Mann-Whitney U test, descriptive statistics and Random Forest machine learning model using cross-validation and balanced accuracy is used for evaluation. The results are scripts for automatic assessment of vowel space area, for calculating articulation parameters and for their evaluation. The outputs of the analysis of speech recording database prove that differences in articulation can indeed be observed between normal and dysarthric speech. Based on the mutual comparison of results, it is therefore proposed in the work which parameters are being appropriate for further dealing with this issue.
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Analysis of impact of noise in recordings on the automated detection of hypokinetic dysarthria
Havelková, Nikola ; Galáž, Zoltán (referee) ; Kováč, Daniel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the automated detection of hypokinetic dysarthria by analysing the influence of noise present in recordings. Appropriate single-channel methods, specifically the spectral subtraction and Kalman filter, are selected and implemented in the MATLAB R2022a to enhance speech. These methods are also used for noise-free recordings, to which additive white noise was added. Afterwards, the effectiveness of these methods is objectively evaluated by using signal-to-noise ratio values. After enhancing of speech, interferences are extracted from the recordings. The effect of the presence of noise, as well as its subsequent suppression by individual methods, is then evaluated by statistical analysis, specifically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the post hoc Dunn’s test. The probability of distributing parameters of clean, noisy and enhanced recordings, for which the effect of noise is significant, according to statistical tests, are plotted using violin and box graphs. Finally, the classification was done by logistic regression with the help of machine learning, where the effect of the presence of noise and subsequent speech enhancement on automated detection of hypokinetic dysarthria was described according to the area values under the ROC curve.
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Multilingual Analysis Of Hypokinetic Dysarthria In Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Kováč, Daniel
This article deals with the multilingual analysis of hypokinetic dysarthria (HD) in patientswith Parkinson’s disease (PD). The goal is to identify acoustic features that have high discriminationpower and that are independent of the language of a speaker. The speech corpus contains 59 PD patientsand 44 healthy controls (HC) speaking in Czech (cs) and American English (en-US). Based onnon-parametric statistical tests and logistic regression, we observed the best discrimination power hasthe speech index of rhythmicity (extracted from a reading text) and harmonic-to-noise ratio (extractedfrom a sustained vowel). We were able to identify PD with 67% sensitivity and 79% specificity inthe Czech corpus and with 78% sensitivity and 67% specificity in the English one. The performanceof the model was significantly lower when combining both datasets, thus suggesting language playsa significant role during the automatic assessment of HD.
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Assessing movement of articulatory organs based on acoustic analysis of speech
Novotný, Kryštof ; Galáž, Zoltán (referee) ; Mekyska, Jiří (advisor)
Hypokinetic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder often present during Parkinson’s disease. It affects the speech system, including articulatory abilities. There are several speech parameters describing this domain, so it is suggested to deal with their mutual comparison. This work aims to design and describe an algorithm for calculating the parameters of articulation, adapted for the Czech language, and then compare their discriminative power. The acoustic analysis of speech included in it is done via the Praat program and basic machine learning algorithms such as Expectation-Maximization, Kmeans and linear regression are used for the subsequent data processing. The Mann-Whitney U test and representatives of linear, nonlinear and ensemble machine learning models using cross-validation and balanced accuracy are used for evaluation. The results are scripts for automatic assessment of vowel space area, for calculating articulation parameters and for their evaluation. The outputs of the analysis of two different databases (PARCZ and CoBeN) prove that differences in articulation can indeed be observed between normal and dysarthric speech. Based on the mutual comparison of results, it is therefore proposed in the work which parameters and models of machine learning are being appropriate for further dealing with this issue.
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Identification Of Parkinson’S Disease Using Acousticanalysis Of Poem Recitation
Mucha, Ján
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. It is estimated that 60–90% of PD patients suffer from speech disorder called hypokinetic dysarthria (HD). The goal of this work is to reveal influence of poem recitation on acoustic analysis of speech and propose concept of Parkinson’s disease identification based on this analysis. Classification methods used in this work are Random Forests and Support Vector Machine. The best achieved accuracy of disease identification is 70.66% with 59.25% sensitivity for Random Forests classifier fed mainly with articulation features. These results demonstrate a high potential of research in this area.
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Speech Disorders In Parkinson’S Disease Patients With Mild Form Of Freezing Of Gait
Galáž, Zoltán
This paper deals with the description of speech disorders present in the mild stage of freezing of gait (FOG) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Experimental dataset consisted of 48 PD patients and 52 healthy controls (HC). We used freezing of gait questionnaire (FOG-Q) to characterize FOG in PD. Using one-way analysis of variance, we found loosely adducted vocal folds during phonation (p = 0.0027), increased acoustic noise (p = 0.0294), reduced variability of pitch (p = 0.0440), and reduced mobility of articulatory organs (p = 0.0157) significantly statistically different in PD patients in comparison with HC.
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Correlation Analysis Of Freezing Of Gait And Speech Disorders In Parkinson’S Disease
Galáž, Zoltán
This paper deals with the analysis of a relationship between freezing of gait (FOG) and hypokinetic dysarthria (HD) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Experimental dataset consisted of 74 PD patients. We used freezing of gait questionnaire (FOG-Q) to characterize FOG in PD. The speech features that quantifies phonation, articulation and prosody was computed from the reading task composed of interrogative, imperative and indicative sentences. Using Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, we showed that reduced mobility of the articulatory organs in HD is significantly correlated with FOG in PD.
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Differential analysis of multilingual corpus in patients with neurodegenerative diseases
Kováč, Daniel ; Zvončák, Vojtěch (referee) ; Mekyska, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the automated diagnosis of hypokinetic dysarthria in the multilingual speech corpus, which is a motor speech disorder that occurs in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. The automatic speech recognition approach to diagnosis is based on the acoustic analysis of speech and subsequent use of mathematical models. The popularity of this method is on the rise due to its objectivity and the possibility of working simultaneously on different languages. The aim of this work is to find out which acoustic parameters have high discriminative power and are universal for multiple languages. To achieve this, a statistical analysis of parameterized speech tasks and subsequent modelling by machine learning methods was used. The analyses were performed for Czech, American English, Hungarian and all languages together. It was found that only some parameters enable the diagnosis of the hypokinetic disorder and are, at the same time, universal for multiple languages. The relF2SD parameter shows the best results, followed by the NST parameter. When classifying speakers of all the languages together, the model achieves accuracy of 59 % and sensitivity of 72 %.
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Development of modern acoustic features quantifying hypokinetic dysarthria
Kowolowski, Alexander ; Zvončák, Vojtěch (referee) ; Galáž, Zoltán (advisor)
This work deals with designing and testing of new acoustic features for analysis of dysprosodic speech occurring in hypokinetic dysarthria patients. 41 new features for dysprosody quantification (describing melody, loudness, rhythm and pace) are presented and tested in this work. New features can be divided into 7 groups. Inside the groups, features vary by the used statistical values. First four groups are based on absolute differences and cumulative sums of fundamental frequency and short-time energy of the signal. Fifth group contains features based on multiples of this fundamental frequency and short-time energy combined into one global intonation feature. Sixth group contains global time features, which are made of divisions between conventional rhythm and pace features. Last group contains global features for quantification of whole dysprosody, made of divisions between global intonation and global time features. All features were tested on Czech Parkinsonian speech database PARCZ. First, kernel density estimation was made and plotted for all features. Then correlation analysis with medicinal metadata was made, first for all the features, then for global features only. Next classification and regression analysis were made, using classification and regression trees algorithm (CART). This analysis was first made for all the features separately, then for all the data at once and eventually a sequential floating feature selection was made, to find out the best fitting combination of features for the current matter. Even though none of the features emerged as a universal best, there were a few features, that were appearing as one of the best repeatedly and also there was a trend that there was a bigger drop between the best and the second best feature, marking it as a much better feature for the given matter, than the rest of the tested. Results are included in the conclusion together with the discussion.
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