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Life cycle assessment methods for BEV and PHEV batteries
Dvořák, Matouš ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Fišer, Jan (advisor)
Electromobility is a current topic and a way to reduce the carbon footprint not only in personal transport. The operation of an electric car does not have a direct impact on emissions compared to an internal combustion engine car. However, the issue remains the production of the battery, which contains rare metals that are very energy and environmentally demanding to extract. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the energy consumption and emission footprint of the production of different types of batteries. The thesis includes a general introduction to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, followed by a chapter on battery design and the classification of batteries according to electrode chemistry. The analysis of LCA studies of batteries shows that the least energy intensive battery in terms of production is the battery with NMC cathode and in terms of emissions it is the battery with LMO cathode. However, the results are strongly influenced by the input data, which are often different in LCA studies, so it is not possible to draw a clear conclusion. Part of the thesis deals with the analysis of the environmental impacts of battery production using different energy mixes and different types of production technologies. The work can serve as a basis for a more detailed investigation of the production part of the battery and for minimizing the environmental impact of this process.
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Utilizing of Electron Microscopy for Nanoparticle Detection in Selected Food
Boriková, Natália ; Hrabalová, Vendula (referee) ; Dzurická, Lucia (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the detection of nanoparticles in selected food products using electron microscopy. Specifically, silver pearls, silver powder and food grade whiteness were selected for this purpose. Nanoparticles themselves can have a negative effect on the human body in high concentrations. They need to meet certain legislative standards. The main focus of this bachelor thesis is how nanoparticles could be detected in food. The theoretical part provides an insight into the properties of nanoparticles, their applications and describes methods for their determination, primarily with an emphasis on electron microscopy. In the practical part, solvents with artificially added nanoparticles were prepared and served as standards. Two samples were prepared from selected foods – with and without the addition of nanoparticles. They were analysed using low-energy electron microscope of LVEM 25E type along with elemental analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results provide the compositions of the foodstuffs in question and information on the presence of nanoparticles on their own. This research contributes to a better understanding of their characteristics and safety.
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Mechanical response during dynamic loading of layers prepared by cold spray technology
Šprincl, Jan ; Válka, Libor (referee) ; Řehořek, Lukáš (advisor)
Cold spray is a relatively modern technology that falls into the additive category. It is a coating method that doesn´t cause the input material to melt. This brings many advantages, including the minimization of changes to the original structure, the absence of a heat-affected zone, and the possibility of combining different types of materials. This work mainly focuses on the deposition of Ti6Al4V titanium powder, along with other materials to supplement or modify the spray, improve its efficiency, and enhance its mechanical properties. Ballistic tests, three-point bending tests, indentation methods, optical analysis using light and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and the influence of thermal treatment on the structure were used to evaluate the properties. Thermal treatment led to the formation of completely new phases in the structure, resulting in a significant increase in the coating's hardness along with a reduction in its porosity. Highly hard phases based on TiC and Ti5Si3 were formed in a tough matrix composed of varying ratios of Ni-Ti and associated elements – V, Al, Si. Finally, proposals for potential future development of this material are described. Preconditions for specific improvements in the methods and procedures used in this work are laid out, with a very promising outlook for the future of this material and its potential implementation in real ballistic protection, typically in the military industry.
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Apartment building
Hlásenský, Marek ; Leischnerová, Jana (referee) ; Brukner, Bohuslav (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the project documentation for the construction of a residential building in Brno in the Brno – Žabovřesky district. The building is detached in a slightly sloping terrain in Podveská street. The residential building has four floors and a partially buried basement. In the basement are designed garage parking spaces, cellar cubicles and technical background of the building. There are a total of 11 residential units on the above-ground floors, 3 residential units on each floor (2×1kk and 3kk) except for the last floor, where there are only 2 residential units (1kk and 4kk). The house is designed as wheelchair accessible. The construction system of the apartment building is wall-based: the basement is made of a combination of monolithic walls and columns, and the brick floor is made of ceramic blocks. The horizontal structures consist of reinforced concrete monolithic slabs with one-way or two-way reinforcement. The perimeter walls are insulated with the ETICS contact insulation system. The foundation of the building is made on foundation strips and the roofing consists of a green flat roof.
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Center for seniors in Brno-Medlánky
Minarčíková, Barbora ; Klimecký, Martin (referee) ; Gerö, Jiří (advisor)
The task of the diploma thesis is to design a senior living facility in Brno – Medlánky. This task was preceded by a pre-diploma project within the subject NGA056 – Specialized project, developed in the previous semester, which consisted of preparing an urban study with a proposal for urban structure including transportation solutions and the placement of various functions - residential areas, commercial areas, public buildings, civic amenities, a sports hall, a church, and further development of the senior living facility. The architectural study focuses on creating a suitable environment for long-term stay for seniors, meaning comfortable living, outdoor relaxation areas, adequate technical infrastructure, and a variety of services. The design stems from the concept of a compact, clear, and barrier-free base space with social areas and facilities connecting three pavilions of housing units. This ensures privacy in the housing units while providing ample space for social interaction. Access to the terrain linked with a park located on the southern side of the plot is easy from both the base floor and the housing units, providing direct contact with greenery in outdoor spaces. The main entrance leading to the base on the first floor is designed with a representative atrium, reflecting the grandeur of the entire complex. Technical and operational facilities are expanded to cover the capacity of a potential additional fourth pavilion. The entire complex reflects the requirement for peaceful and high-standard living in old age, respecting contemporary architecture and the needs of today's population. As a result, it becomes a place for contented aging.
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Modelling of shear strength of concrete beams
Večeře, Jakub ; Lehký, David (referee) ; Novák, Drahomír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the modeling of reinforced concrete beams and compares their load-deflection (L-D) curves with curves obtained in an extensive experiment at the University of Lodz under the guidance of Prof. Renata Kotynia, Dr.Hab. For comparison, data from two selected beams with identical shapes, lengths, and concrete strengths were used – one reinforced with steel and the other with a composite made of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). Modeling is carried out using nonlinear fracture mechanics of finite elements (2D) in the ATENA software. Emphasis is particularly placed on accurately modeling the bond between concrete and reinforcement. Modeling was performed in both 2D and 3D.
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Energy-saving detached house at the Zaječí hora
Habrún, Ján ; Doležalová, Jana (referee) ; Počinková, Marcela (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor’s thesis is to design compact house for family with efficient orientation to maximise daylight in living spaces and with efficiently used energy including renewable sources. It is located in Brno – Sadová in new development area. This energy-saving detached house is two-storey building with attached garage, both with flat sedum roof. It is without cellar, so utility room is attached next to the garage and the position of this room is designed with consideration to minimize lengths of connections. On the ground floor is situated bathroom, WC, storage room, kitchen connected with living room and dining room, so it’s a social zone. On the first floor are two child’s rooms, bedroom, bathroom and study and that is a private zone. The vertical structures are masonry, made of aerated concrete blocks insulated by the ETICS system. Horizontal load-bearing structures are made of prestressed reinforced concrete. Part of documentation is aimed for building services. The main part includes heating system, another services like ventilation and rainwater management are designed as a concept. The building is designed with air-to-water heat pump as the main source of heating and preparing domestic hot water. The heat will be distributed throughout the building by floor heating. Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery is designed as ventilation system. The documentation also includes Energy Performance Certificate of the building.
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Wireless data logger for environmental monitoring - server-side
Bártek, Jiří ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
This work describes the design and implementation of the server-side component, which is part of a comprehensive task for measuring temperature in medical storage spaces and sending the measured temperature at specified time intervals. The created device will receive the measured data and subsequently send it to an e-mail address. The introductory part deals with the legislation related to the storage of medicines and further provides the reader with theoretical information about the used devices and protocols. The next section of the work introduces the implementation of the device and software solution. The outcome of the work is a device capable of communicating with another microcontroller and sending the received data to a selected e-mail address for subsequent archiving.
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Rationalisation of chip management
Mrkvica, Jan ; Kalivoda, Milan (referee) ; Osička, Karel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the rationalization of chip management in a selected manufacturing company. The first part of the thesis analyses the current state of the chip management in the company, which is divided into conventional and non-conventional machining. Then a theoretical analysis is carried out, which focuses on chips, in terms of their origin, types and then an analysis of cutting media. The next theoretical section discusses EDM. In the last theoretical part, an analysis of the possibilities for processing chips is made. In the practical part, three options for rationalisation of chip management are discussed, and the suitability of each of them for the selected enterprise is assessed. The most advantageous of them is then elaborated into an implementation form and a technical – economic evaluation is carried out in which the suitability of the solutions used is assessed. Attention is also paid to the rationalisation of EDM.
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Trends in renewable sources and in modern energy
Kotas, Tomáš ; Preisler, Lukáš (referee) ; Kudela, Libor (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are categorized and extensively described, including the principles of their functions and basic parameters. The thesis further focuses on the development of the position of renewable energy sources over the years compared to non-renewable energy sources worldwide and in the Czech Republic. This development is monitored in terms of both electricity and heat. Statistics indicate that the share of renewable energy sources in both forms of energy is increasing. The thesis also analyzes the origin and course of discussions related to this issue, including climate change and international cooperation. Possible predictions and specific scenarios related to the energy vision are provided for both the Czech Republic and on a global scale within the thesis. All scenarios agree on the same future trend – an increasing share of renewable energy sources at the expense of non-renewable sources. In conclusion, the thesis addresses current trends in technologies in modern energy, with the most significant technological progress in recent years observed in the fields of electromobility, hydrogen, and CCUS. The final chapter discusses methods of energy storage.
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