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Activity of the institute of public health protection in connection with the cases of poisoning with methyl alcohol in Zlin region in 2012
PÁNKOVÁ, Jana
There was news in Medias during methanol cause that the reason of the instant crises of poisoning with methyl alcohol could be insufficient check activity of authorities for protection of health of inhabitants (next APHI only). The target of my bachelor work is to judge if the authorities for protection of public health (next PPH only) are able to provide sufficient steps in cases of health hazard or damage because of consummation of methyl alcohol. The main attention is given to activity of Stations Regional Hygiene in Zlín region (next SRH ZR only) with the seat in Zlín during solving of the methanol cause in Zlín region. In theoretical part I mention general and special cognisance about methanol, basic information about types of spirits and classification of their safeness. I described forms of intoxications and cure possibilities. I also pay my attention to occurrence of poisonings from methanol in the world during last few years and present circumstances of intoxicate cases in Zlín region. In practical part I arrange chronologically and characterized particular emergency measures proclaimed by the Minister of Health during solving of methanol cause. I describe the results of the first and second period of checking ACTION 735 which was led by Board of customs of CR and aimed for checking of spirits, tuzemak and consumption spirit. Next I mention the way of security inquiry of civil instigations. It was done from December 5 to 28, 2012. Particular people could deliver a sample of alcohol with obscure origin to SRH ZR for testing which was free of charge. It was followed with processing intoxications during the extraordinary event in Zlín region. Classification method of investigative question is descriptive analysis of cases of poisoning from methyl alcohol, the number of checking provided by SRH ZR and other supervisory organs, description of ascertained defects and specified sanctions. I use charts, column, doughnut and cobweb graphs for illustration. We can see from the results that during the extraordinary event there were 21 people intoxicated with methyl alcohol in ZR during which time there were 17 patients admitted to hospital and 4 people were found dead in their place of residence. There were heavy persistent effects evidenced at one patient after release from hospital. The class of age 60 - 69 was dominated among poisoned people. In the period of time from September 1, 2012 to January 24, 2013 SRH ZR provided 1156 checks focused on abidance of proclaimed emergency measures. In terms of cooperation with other supervisory organs they provided 19 corporate checks. They found some troubles in 27 places of business - 13 × breaking of emergency measures, 3 × missing of proof of acquisition, 5 x unsatisfactory results of laboratory investigations, 6 × violation of watched the origin of alcohol and dupery of customers. They awarded 34 fines in an amount CZK 386,000.00. At the end of this work I sum up facts of methanol cause and supposed range of possible victims. I evaluate the activity of SRH, interdepartmental work group and other involved organs. On the base of extraordinary event they agreed the new law n. 309/2013 Digest about trading and the new law n. 307/2013 Digest about obligatory marking of spirit. These laws could precede occurrence of similar event. They also set regular checking focused on adulterate alcohol. At the close in connection with order of reports about numbers of intoxicate people during solving the extraordinary event I suggest some steps which could contribute to improvement of APHI activities in similar cases in future.
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Pre-hospital emergency care of patients with carbon monoxide intoxication
HAJÍČKOVÁ, Iva
The bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of the pre-hospital emergency urgent care for patients poisoned by the carbon monoxide. This issue has been known already for a number of years, but only in the last time it started to be presented more frequently in media. The carbon monoxide is a colourless gas which is not recognizable by senses. It comes into being as a secondary product of the not perfect combustion of the carbonaceous substances. The seriousness of these symptoms depends on the intensity of intoxication. The target of this thesis was to map the issue of treating the client with the suspect of poisoning by carbon monoxide from the viewpoint of the Medical Rescue Service and other components of the Integrated Rescue System. Moreover I verified the knowledge of lay public in connection with the intoxication by carbon monoxide. The research took place in the form of half-managed talks with the medical rescuer and physicians of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The same research procedure was carried out in the Firemen Corps of the South Bohemian Region. The respondents were asked eight questions finding out how many cases of the carbon monoxide intoxication they encountered in their practice, what the most frequent reasons caused the intoxication and what care was provided to the intoxicated persons. Among the lay public, the knowledge was established by the survey method. Also this research complex consisted of nine respondents, having been addressed accidentally in the schools, during travelling in town, in business centres and during sport events. Most frequently were among the enquired persons: students, also a nurse or deputy director of a company. The respondents answered seven pre-printed questions. The sense of these questions was to find out if at least a small part of the lay public has some idea of the intoxication of the carbon monoxide. If they ever encountered the intoxication by the carbon monoxide, how they would behave in this situation and in what way they would provide the first aid. In both parts of the research, the results are presented in the charts, to have a better survey. In has turned out in the talks concerning the occurrence of the intoxication by the carbon monoxide that the length of practice is not very important, because also the persons working in the branch for a longer time have no such high number of interventions concerning intoxication by the carbon monoxide as some of their colleagues working in practice only several years. Moreover it was established that the most cases of intoxication appeared in connection with geyser and subsequently during fires. The health state of affected persons ranged from the light intoxication up to very heavy intoxication with the subsequent death. Depending on these states, the experts provided the adequate pre-hospital care completed subsequently in the hospital facility. It turned out that although the most respondents were not able to say if the number of intoxications by the carbon monoxide has been increasing or decreasing, their answers are identical in the most cases and indicate that their number has been rather decreasing Concerning the lay public, only a small part of respondents was interviewed and the result of research cannot be quantified. This part of the research has shown that although nobody of the enquired persons encountered the intoxication by the carbon dioxide, the respondents know in the most cases how they should behave in case of the intoxication and in what way the first aid should be provided. The most frequent source of their information of carbon monoxide intoxication and the first aid was the knowledge acquired during studies. Further details concerning the research are specified in more detail in the discussion. The general awareness of people concerning the intoxication is on a good level thanks to education and media.
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Intoxication by ethanol or others addictive substances in emergency medicine
KUŠNIERIK, Štěpán
The thesis Intoxication by ethanol or others addictive substances in emergency medicine is divided into two parts dealing respectively with a theoretical and experimental study of drug and alcohol intoxication. The theoretical part deals with treating patients under the influence of alcohol or drugs. This part contains description of addictive drugs and how they influence and are distributed into the human body. The thesis also deals with symptoms of drug intoxication and proposes a treatment method. The task of this thesis was to observe whether urgent care staff has sufficient theoretical knowledge of drug and alcohol intoxication and if they use correct methods while dealing with patients and moreover if they have their own drug experience. The research part was carried out using quantitative method. The data were obtained from a form intended for all medical staff in emergency medical service field (doctors, paramedics, nurses, drivers) and was filled in at different emergency medical service clinics and departments of anesthesiology in Zdravotnická záchranná služba Jihočeského kraje, Zdravotnická záchranná služba Libereckého kraje, Nemocnice Českéch Budějovice and Masarykova městská nemocnice v Jilemnici. The hypothesis states that medical staff is aware of techniques and procedures administered to intoxicated patients - primary medical care and transportation. A few of the medical staff admitted to experimenting with drugs. The results support the hypothesis. I hope this thesis will be helpful not only to medical staff, but also to public and servers as an inspiration to further approaches.
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Pathogenic Microorganisms in Meat Products
FARKOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of this work is the analysis and description of microorganisms occurring in meat products. The work is by definition enter the search character, so the method chosen as the research literature analysis and the subsequent description of findings. The first chapter focuses on the characteristics of microorganisms and their distribution in several respects. Chapter 2 is already covered by specific genera of microorganisms that have been using a wide range of literary sources characterized in detail, including representatives who may be present in meat and meat products. Introduction of Chapter 2 is devoted to foodborne illness ? intoxication and toxic infection, which can occur in humans after ingestion of improperly cooked food or due to poor storage. One of the subsections of Chapter 2 is focused on fungi, which are in search of microbiological work, often neglected, although they are very important pathogens and undesirable elements in food. Another chapter is devoted to meat technology and includes terminology that is used in this field. In addition, summarizes the basic requirements, preconditions and standards associated with the meat industry.
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CHILDREN´S PERCEPTION OF PREVENTION AND INJURY AND INTOXICATION RISKS
KOŽENÁ, Martina
At present, there is a high number of epidemiologic studies dealing with children´s injuries and intoxication but children´s view seemed to be interesting to be focused. The aim of this Diploma work has been to provide readers with a children´s view of injuries and intoxication, their perception of risks and the knowledge of prevention.
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Problems of Nursing the Patients Self-intoxicated in Suicidal Intention.
DRÁBKOVÁ, Iveta
Suicide as an individual event as well as a social phenomenon attracts great interest and attention in various spheres, both in the immediate environment of the self-murderer and in broader public. The definition of suicide differs according to authors and changes in the course of historical development. Most definitions are identical in two essential aspects of suicidal behavior. These are a voluntary individual's intention to terminate his life and a purposeful behaviour leading to death. Suicide is the conscious and intentional killing of oneself. About 95% of suicidal attempts are just acute intoxications by any amount or kind of a poisonous substance. Acute intoxication belongs to a group of serious conditions threatening human health and life. Acute poisoning is one of the frequent admission diagnoses in the Departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation and Intensive care units. 80% of poisonings are caused by drugs. Damage to the organism by ingesting a poisonous substance is the more significant the longer is the interval between the exposure to noxae and the professional medical assistance provision. For the future fate of the patient the medical equipment and the competence of health professionals who provide intensive care for these patients is crucial. After stabilization of all physiological functions, balancing inner environment of the patient and after the time that may have led to late complications of intoxication, the following phase of treatment is provided by psychological and psychiatric interventions. Determination of suicidal risk among the most common challenge in urgent psychiatry is suicide risk assessment. The aim is to prevent further suicide attempts. The objective of the thesis was to determine, with regard to the competence of nurses, the predominant character of patients´ experience after intoxication, and also the reasons for aggressive behavior of intoxicated patients towards the nursing staff. The third objective was to establish a standard of nursing care of intoxicated patients. The research was designed as explorative with the goal to map the nursing process in intoxicated patients and to provide information for the establishment of the standard of nursing care, which should include both somatic and psychological aspects. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined. The outcomes of the thesis should lead to detection of the most frequent problems in nursing care for patients with intentional intoxication with suicidal tendency and the establishment of nursing standards to help improve the care of these patients.
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Intoxication organism and solution off consequence
BRŮŽKOVÁ, Alena
This thesis deals with the problems of intoxication of the organism and addresses its consequences focusing on liver intoxication. At first anatomy of the liver, its placement and functionality and various types of intoxications in the human body and the first aid, lay as well as professional,vere described. ´The Prometheus System which is used as an elimination method to regenerate the liver tissue is described. In some cases it also used to the period when the patient is classified as an urgent recipient on the waiting list for the liver transplantion.There are two case studie described in the thesis. The first one deals with the alcohol intoxication combinet with mushrooms and the second one with the intoxication of an unknown origin. The sample of all the patients after the liver transplantation in IKEM during the years 200 - 2009 is used in the thesis. It is shown in charts at how many parients the elimination method of Prometheus device was used and how many patiens survived thanks to this device in the period up to the liver transplantation. In conclusion it is possible to say, that by using this treatment method chances for a survival of intoxicated patiens, who would not survive without the elimination methods, are increasing.
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Public awareness of drug problems in České Budějovice district
KOZLOVÁ, Lucie
ABSTRACT Addictive drugs are all around us and they have become a part of our lives. The issue of drug abuse is of critical importance, global, and difficult to solve. Typically, drugs are categorized as tolerated or not tolerated by society, and more or less risky. It is vital, therefore, to know the attitude of public to the issue. Lots of drug abuse causes have already been revealed, just like the reasons why some users develop addiction while others do not. In all probability the abuse of drugs or the addiction development cannot be put down to a single background factor. Everything will depend on personality traits of the individual, on his or her environmental conditions, and on specific effects of the drug. Since I take much interest in these issues, I have chosen for my thesis the subject of Public awareness of drug abuse issues in the District of České Budějovice. I investigated what people knew about drug abuse at the District where I live; their opinions of drug abuse; whether they believed that drug abuse deteriorated social position of an individual; whether they believed it boosted the rate of crime; if people were informed about facilities assisting recovery from drug addiction within the District of České Budějovice; and, last but not least, whether they suspected what drugs could come in their way here. The thesis aimed to examine what people knew about the drug abuse issues in the České Budějovice District. This objective has been met. Fifty three percent of respondents were found well informed on the subject, while the remaining 47% lacked the information. The survey was to prove or disprove hypothesis that the public was unaware of organizations providing help to drug addicts - the hypothesis was not confirmed since 51% of respondents were informed about the relevant organizations and 49% were not. Another hypothesis predicted that the public could not tell the illegal drugs from the legal ones - it was not confirmed as the public was found sufficiently informed. The hypotheses expecting the public to believe that drug abuse drives crime and deteriorates the addict's social position were confirmed by the bulk of respondents living in the District of České Budějovice. Ninety nine percent of the respondents believed the drug abuse pushed up the crime rate and 95% were of the opinion that it affected the addict's social position. As follows from the survey, the public in the České Budějovice District was relatively well informed of the drug abuse issues, though the differences encountered between awareness and unawareness of the subject were just minor. I intend to release the thesis as an information source for the general public(in the form of brochures, internet publications or periodicals); moreover, I want to offer the results to organizations engaged in the drug abuse treatment and to students of the University of South Bohemia to serve as training material. The public will find a wealth of important drug-related information in the paper, while the addiction treating organizations will be prompted to fill the gaps still existing in information available to the general public.
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Cannabies and results of its use
UHROVÁ, Zdeňka
The theoretical part of the thesis reveals the history of Cannabis, gives basic characteristics of Cannabis-based drugs and their sorts. Hereafter, the active substances of marihuana and manifestations of intoxication are quoted. The main emphasis is put on the description of risks related to the use of this soft drug. The medical, mental and social risks are commented. One chapter is dedicated to applicable legislation. Consecutively, various approaches of drug politics and its specifics are mentioned. The attention is also paid to the prevention and subsequently te the assistance to the drug users. The practical part of thesis is focused on the public and professional opinion referring to the possible risks of marihuana use. The attention is paid to the general attitude to this drug as well. Subsequently, the opinions of both contrary parties are compared.
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