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Added value of green roofs
Hrachovina, Vojtěch ; Žák,, Antonín (referee) ; Petříček, Tomáš (advisor)
Introduction is focused on analyze green roof like a part of buiding construction, when thesis assembly principles of right proposal green roof layers. Main part describes characteristic properties green roofs at global impact. We get some added values after comparison with classic roof types. Master thesis consists of survey of added values of green roofs in these categories: life cycle assessment, microclima, outdoor climate, water retention. End of thesis devote to psychological effect of green roofs include questionnare about relationship between czech society and green roofs.
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Drought monitor for the Czech Republic-www.intersucho.cz
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Balek, Jan ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Hayes, M. ; Eitzinger, Josef ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Because drought and its impacts are among the worst hydrometeorological extremes (including also Central European conditions), the aim of this paper is to describe the core and use of the Integrated drought monitoring system for the Czech Republic. Land-use, information about soil, vegetation characteristics and meteorological data are used as inputs to validated water balance SoilClim model, which is applied for estimates of actual and reference evapotranspiration and water saturation of the soil profile in % or soil moisture content in mm. Moreover the prognosis of expected soil moisture (based on probabilistic analysis) is calculated for next 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Main results are weekly updated in form of drought occurrence maps, which are published in spatial resolution 500 m for whole territory of the Czech Republic and for all its 76 districts separately. Final maps with detail comments are available at drought topic dedicated web page (ANONYM 3 2014).
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Evaluation of Changes in Water Regime Caused by Long-term Development of Vegetation Cover
Chlumecký, M. ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Buchtele, Josef
Long monitoring of air temperature and precipitation for three catchments with up to 100 years series has been used as the input for the modelling of rainfall-runoff process and for the re-assessments of the evapotranspiration demand (ET.sub.demand./sub.). The resulting oscillations and the random changes of vegetation cover have been pursued as the indication of fluctuations also in the evapotranspiration. The intention is to appraise this complicated time series as the long-term process. The modified implementation of the conceptual model SAC-SMA enables the quicker simulation and facilitates also the conditions for automatic calibration of parameters in the used model; separately for individual, i.e. partial time intervals, namely with the diverse expected evapotranspiration. That process is to be identified simultaneously with the optimal parameters of the mode; the resulting actual evapotranspiration (ET.sub.act./sub.) is then represented as the modelling outputs, as such values could be hardly gained as measured or computed values, e. g. from other meteo-observations.
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Analysis of microclimate of the stands with different management.
ŠACHL, Jiří
Proposed bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the microclimate creation in the vegetation cover. The main focus was put on monitoring of temperature and humidity regime, and solar energy fluxes due to Bowen ratio. Several microclimatic parameters was monitored in four different biotopes with different microclimate regime (red clover, winter wheat, potato and grassland), during the growing season and relied to the different agricultural management.
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Applicability of Bowen ratio energy balance method in fetch limited conditions
Pozníková, G. ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Fischer, Milan ; Orság, Matěj ; Žalud, Zdeněk
Water plays a key role in the climatic processes of the Earth. In terrestrial ecosystems the main component of water loss is evapotranspiration. One of the standard techniques used to measure evapotranspiration indirectly is the Bowen ratio energy balance method (BREB). This study focuses on the quantification of errors caused by insufficient fetch (upwind distance from the edge of investigated cover) using data from two BREB systems obtained through intensive summer 2012 campaign. The measurement took advantage of one mobile and one fixedly positioned BREB systems employed at turf grass cover from the prevailing north-west wind direction surrounded by broadleaved trees, poplar stoolbed dirty road and buildings at experimental station in Domanínek near Bystřice nad Pernštejnem. Surprisingly, the results showed no significant systematic deviation between the reference BREB with sufficient 180 m long fetch and mobile BREB positioned at fetches between 10 to 100 m. Moreover, it was not found any impact of the fetch on non-systematic errors leading to the conclusion that the fetch did not have any effect on the overall data quality and consistency. One of the explanations may be very similar response to soil moisture conditions of the selected contrasting living ecosystems and thus their similar Bowen ratios.
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Methods for determining evapotranspiration and its values ??in the Czech Republic
HOUDEK, Tomáš
This paper deals with methods for determining evapotranspiration and its values achieved in the Czech Republic. For a better understanding of these issues is explained in the introduction to the concept of evapotranspiration. The first part of this paper discusses evaporation, its types and division. In this thesis are also presented factors affecting evapotranspiration. The largest part of this search addresses the methods used for determining evapotranspiration. Here we find treated in more detail the direct and indirect methods of estimation. The last part of this paper presents and compares the potential evapotranspiration totals achieved in the Czech Republic on the basis of different numerical methods.
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Evapotranspiration of selected agricultural and forest species
Kučera, J. ; Urban, J. ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Fischer, Milan ; Krofta, K. ; Duffková, R.
The aim of this article is a comparison of evapotranspiration (ET) of different covers (turf grass, clover (Trifolium pratense), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), hops (Humulus lupulus) and the high density poplar stand (J-105, Populus nigra x Populus Maximowiczii)) with the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the general description the ET rates dynamic during the season. The second goal is to quantify the ratio of the transpiration and the whole evapotranspiration for the two contrasting cultures – the hops and poplars stand. The daily maximal sum of the grass ET reached, similarly like for the other species, up to 5–6 mm per day, which comprises 85–93 % of PET. Significantly higher ET was showed by the culture of clover. On the other hand, the lowest values were performed by the poplar stand in the first year after coppicing. The transpiration to evapotranspiration ratio resulted in 40–70 % by the hops and 80–90 % in case of the poplars.
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Energy balance of a mountain spruce forest. Definition, importance and utilization
Slípková, Romana
Incident solar radiation gives a potential for utilitation and convertion of this energy. Budget between available energy and turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes we call energy balance closure. We have studied a forest in a mountain region in the Beskydy Mountains in the Czech Republic. Amount of available energy was higher for about 29% on average than amount of turbulent fluxes. In general, we have observed a 9% higher disbalance compared to the other FLUXNET sites. This difference might be caused by overestimation of the available energy and/or underestimation of the turbulent fluxes. Both of these hypothesis will be taken into account in the next research of the energy balance closure.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: Slípková_Romana_SilvaNet-WoodNet - PDF
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Variability of water regime in forested experimental basis
Buchtele, Josef ; Tesař, Miroslav
Climatic conditions represent a significant factor for water regime of a watershed. They form conditions both for the vegetation cover development in the annual cycle and also its changes in the span of decades of years. Land-use changes can be a reason of variability and/or tendencies in the evapotranspiration process affecting water balance in both short-term and long-term temporal scales. The present contribution deals with simulations of the rainfall-runoff process with the help of SAC-SMA (Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting) a BROOK´90 models. The time course of differences between observed and simulated runoff represents a possible tool for the evaluation of tendency and/or variability of water regime of a basin. The used approach makes possible to assess a result of long-term development of the vegetation cover in a catchment and consequent evapotranspiration changes.
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