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Impact of nitrogen fertilization and drought on glutenins content in winter wheat
Vostrejš, Pavel ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis the effects of nitrogen fertilization and drought stress on glutenin fraction of winter wheat (Triticum aestitivum L.) were studied. Winter wheat cultivar Tiguan was grown under different rainfall mode, on the one hand in drought (DRY), on the other hand in normal downfall (WET). Part of the samples was treated with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 140 kg / ha (N140), the other part remained without fertilization (N0). After the gliadins were separated, the glutenins from the samples were extracted with 50% isopropanol with 1% DTT. Individual glutenin fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE and quantified by computer densitometry. The drought did not have a statistically significant effect on any of the glutenin subunits. Nitrogen fertilization caused an increase in the total amount of glutenin as well as the amount of individual subunits. Interaction of water regime treatment and fertilization has not led to an increase in glutenin levels in HMW 3 GS and LMW 5 GS in DRY conditions.
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Odrůdová variabilita vitality osiva máku a její souvislost s velikostí kořenového systému
Jedličková, Žaneta
The thesis deals with seed vigour testing of 10 selected poppy genotypes. The aim was to determine the tolerance of poppy seed to selected suboptimal abiotic factors such as drought and temperature, and to clarify its relationship with the ability to form the root system or the final product - poppy seed in the yield-forming process. The laboratory part of the experiment was carried out at the Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine at Mendel University in Brno. Observations and measurements were carried out in a field experiment in the municipality of Chvalíkovice in 2022 under the direction of OSEVA PRO s.r.o. The results confirmed the expectation that the number of germinated individuals decreased with increasing drought intensity. Significant differences between genotypes were found when testing for vigour. Differences in root system size and seed yield were also found. An interesting finding of this work was the data showing a higher number of germinated individuals at 10 °C compared to testing at 20 °C. A statistically significant relationship was found when poppy seed vigour data were correlated with poppy root system size. The more vigorous the seed, the more able the plant is to form a robust root system in the early stages of growth. However, this relationship is no longer clearly reflected in the yield of poppy. There is no conclusive relationship between the vigour of poppy seed and its subsequent seed yield. A myriad of external factors enter into the poppy seed yield process, so it cannot be said that a highly vigorous seed will produce a large quantity of quality poppy seed.
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Vitalita a růst smrku ztepilého ve vertikálním gradientu České republiky
Kovačević, Vuk
Long periods of drought and irregular precipitation are common phenomena in the 21st century, which, along with the management of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) outside its natural range in Europe, have led to the physiological decline and mortality of entire spruce stands. Drought significantly impacts tree growth and vitality, and these adverse effects are better monitored through tree water deficit (TWD) or water content in the tree. This study focuses on monitoring and analyzing the correlation between radial stem growth and climate changes at altitudes ranging from 380 to 972 meters in the Czech Republic. Growth was monitored using automatic dendrometers for five years (2016–2020). The negative impact of climate changes on radial growth is more significant at lower elevations below 650 meters above sea level, where the highest TWD occurred. This means that managing Norway spruce at lower elevations is risky and requires a change in management practices.
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How will a longer vegetative season affect carbon sequestration in plant biomass
Kasperová, Denisa ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
As a result of human activity, a large number of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, is released into the atmosphere, which causes a greater greenhouse effect and an increase in the temperature of the surface of the planet and the air in the atmosphere. Ongoing climate change is one of the great challenges facing society, as rising temperatures on the planet greatly affect the functioning of its ecosystems. Extremes arising from climate change, especially temperature rise and lack of precipitation or a change in the annual distribution of precipitation, affect the physiology and phenology of plants. Higher temperatures cause plant growing seasons to shift and lengthen, which has a direct impact on the sequestration of carbon in plant biomass through a biochemical, physiological plant process called photosynthesis. The increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is slowed down by terrestrial forest ecosystems, as they can retain carbon in their tissues, especially in wood, for a relatively long time before it returns to the atmosphere. However, the efficiency of binding carbon into biomass also depends on other physiological processes, e.g., photorespiration, breathing, gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. Stressors caused by climate change can then limit growth, photosynthesis,...
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Vliv smíšení porostu na dynamiku růstu borovice lesní (Pinus sylvestris L.) ve Finsku
Vyčítalová, Hana
Mixed stands excel in their species richness and they theoretically have a better precondition for coping with disturbances than monocultures. On the other hand, there is interspecies competition, which may result in the oppression of individual species in the ecosystem. A total of 12 research plots in the province of North Karelia (Finland) were selected to approximate the effect of forest mixing on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In growing season 2018, stem volume changes and drought stress responses were observed in monocultures and with the admixture of one or both of the species Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The measurement of volume changes was performed using point dendrometers installed on individual pines, the temperature and soil moisture were monitored by a TMS-4 sensor located in the soil in the middle of each research area. It was found that in all cases, Scots pine grew only in dependence on rainwater, not groundwater. It was discovered that individuals in monoculture grew up to twice as much as in both types of mixed stands. They also showed a better ability to saturate the tissues with water after it had been spent for transpiration during the July drought. In August, however, the response to drought stress was comparable in monocultures and mixed stands. The measured results show that interspecific competition may have a negative effect on the growth and drought tolerance of Scots pine in the short term. However, at a time of escalating extreme climate events around the world, this issue needs to be further explored in order to create optimal conditions for the growth of future forests.
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Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen nutrition on mais response to short-term high temperature and drought stress
Simor, J. ; Klem, Karel
Within an experiment conducted in open top chambers in which two mais genotypes differing in stay-green trait were cultivated under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (EC) in comparison\nwith ambient CO2 concentration (AC), and in two contrast levels of nitrogen nutrition, the effect of acclimation to these factors on photosynthetic performance and water use efficiency, and subsequent response to short-term high temperature and drought stress was studied. Although EC improved water use efficiency, this effect did not alleviate the response to drought stress, and under some combinations of factors even led to a decrease in CO2 assimilation rate under drought stress. Differences in the stay- green trait between genotypes did not have a major effect on the response to high temperature and drought stress. Differences between genotypes were manifested mainly in the interaction with nitrogen nutrition, while in the Korynt genotype, non fertilised variants showed a lower response of CO2 assimilation rate to drought. Slight alleviating effect of higher nitrogen dose was found under EC conditions, while no nitrogen fertilisation rather increased drought resilience under AC conditions.
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Assessment of drought response in local Scots pine ecotypes using anatomical, biochemical, and fluorescence stress markers.
Štěpánová, Kristýna ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Stejskal, Jan (referee)
Global climate change and associated global warming is already a problem for temperate forest ecosystems and will continue to exacerbate the problem in the coming decades. Many species will have to adapt to a multifactorial combination of stresses, with increases in average air temperature, frequency and intensity of precipitation increasing drought episodes and drought-affected areas will enlarge. It is necessary to find ways to help the landscape cope with these intensifying phenomena. The possibility of planting suitable tree species that can manage water efficiently and survive even in periods of intense water scarcity is an option. The drought tolerance of trees is related to their phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic differentiation. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is characterised by modest ecological demands on the environment and climate of the habitat, is phenotypically plastic and relatively drought resistant. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate and compare the response of different Scots pine ecotypes to drought stress due to reduced water availability using anatomical, biochemical, and fluorescence indicators of physiological status, and 2) to determine the biochemical phenotype of selected genotypes within a local Scots pine ecotype in a seed orchard in terms of...
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Effect of year on field germinability of opium poppy seeds
JELÍNKOVÁ, Olga
The aim of this thesis was to perform an experiment with opium poppy control and drought stressed plants. Gained seeds were tested for germinability in normal conditions and during simulated drought stress induced with PEG 6000. It was found plants for seed production provides less seeds with lower quality, but the vigour and germinability of these seeds are better. In this thesis I also tested the method of surface plasmon resonance as potentialy suitable method for dehydrin accumulation analysis. I managed to verify method for termostable proteins isolation and at the same time I confirmed, the SPR method is potentially usefull method for dehydrin accumulation analysis in opium poppy seedling plants.
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Transgenerational effects of plant biotic interactions
PUY GUTIÉRREZ, Javier
This thesis focuses on the transgenerational effects triggered by plant biotic interactions and explores their relevance on ecological and evolutionary processes. The following sections document novel results that show their important consequences on different aspects. Primarily, we established the necessary methodology to be able to explore these questions and to disentangle the mechanisms originating the transgenerational plasticity by validating a demethylation method. Then, we checked whether the biotic interactions alter the phenotype via within-generation and transgenerational plasticity, examining the magnitude and direction of the response on each specific "response traits". Lastly, the potential role of transgenerational plasticity for adaptation, species coexistence, creating biodiversity and population and ecosystem functioning is tested.
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Study of common bean drought response with the use of leaf optical properties
Svitáková, Lenka ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Zámečník, Jiří (referee)
The negative effects of climate change have affected the conditions of agriculture areas, which leads to hampered cultivation of crops, including the common bean's cultivation. Changes, such as extreme temperature swings and lowered water availability in soil create a big challenge for today's agriculture in seeking solutions for safeguarding the food security for all people on our planet. The aim of this thesis was to study a wider range of genotypes of common bean to quantify their resistance against lowered water availability in soil, and to establish new approaches for detecting drought stress with the use of leaf optical properties. From the methodological point of view, this thesis connects the leaf optical properties with anatomical and biophysical leaf traits. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) were employed as the model organisms. Plants were cultivated in two differing environments - in a greenhouse setting at the Faculty of Science of the Charles University in Prague and on the experimental fields in Colombia at the international research institute for tropical agriculture - Alliance of Biodiversity International and CIAT. There were 48 genotypes included into the field experiments in Colombia. These included genotypes from both Mesoamerican...
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