|
|
Feeding enrichment in selected Felids
PINTOVÁ, Radka
Environmental enrichment and welfare are important elements for animals in captivity. This study starts with general introduction in breeding animals in zoos and environmental enrichment for important taxonomic groups. The practical part is following with a research on effect of food on frequency of stereotypic behavior. The theoretical assumption says that the different time of eating the food leads to different behavior. Long-term observation was done to confirm the theory. Eight animals belonging in three species were observed in time of feeding, eight types of food were given. The behavior at the time of feeding and after was evaluated by ethogram. General trends in time used for feeding were confirmed (the shortest time for chicken and opposite the longest for head of a goat). The evaluation of stereotypic behavior mainly showed the individuality of each animal. However, servals exhibit most of this pattern. The relationship between stereotypes and time of feeding was insignificant. Generally most of the results were statistically insignificant because of low number of repetition in the dataset.
|
|
|
The effect of water temperature on early ontogeny in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)during post - embryonic development
FRANTA, Pavel
This theses is made up from two methodologically identical experiments, which involved observing the starting time of key sections of early ontogeny (H95, S95, Re95) at a temperature of 24°C. The experiments used 29 groups of eleuterembryoes/larvae which were fed for 30 days, but timing of initial feeding of exogenous food was different between the groups. The first group began initial feeding at the age 72 hPF and every other group was fed for the first time 6 hours later than the previous group (the last group was fed at the first time at the age 240 hPF). The group, which wasn´t fed exogenous food during the experiment, served as control. The effect of timing of start feeding on morphometric and gravimetric characteristics, size distribution, survival and rate of cannibalism in eleuterembryoes/larvae was examined. A temperature of 24 °C was determined the hatching time of eleuterembryoes after 36, resp. 33 hours (1st, respectively 2nd experiment) from fertilization. The start of intake of exogenous food (S95) was determined at age 123 hPF, yolk sac absorption at age 150 hPF during the 1st experiment. At the 2nd experiment the start of intake exogenous food was determined at age 115 hPF and yolk sac absorption at age 161 hPF. During the interval from H95 to S95 records showed an increased rate of growth, especially the caudal part of the body. At the age from S95 to Re95, growth of unfed larvae was stopped (first effect of starvation). Almost all monitored parametres were significantly affected (P < 0,01) by timing of start feeding except for rate of cannibalism. While the percentage representation of large sized and medium sized individuals (the potential cannibals) was decreased with increasing the time of start feeding, the rate of cannibalism wasn´t changed. However the number of small sized individuals was increased with increasing the time of start feeding. The study of the African catfish confirmed the negative impact on survival, which is caused by a delay in initial feeding. Unlike survival, with morphometric parametres there wasn´t observed a significant decrease in values, provide the larvae was first fed before reaching the age of 216 hPF. It was also found that almost 100 % of the individuals in the control (unfed) group died at age 377 hPF. However the first indications of increasing mortality was observed in age 283 hPF. Based on the above information, the PNR (point of no return) was reached approximately at the age of 270 hPF in African catfish
|
|
|
Influence of selected factors on reproduction of fish \kur{Betta splendens}
HOMOLKA, Václav
The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens; order Perciformes, family Osphronemidae) is a fish occurring in the area of south east Asia. Above branchial organ (so-called labyrinth) allowes it to breath an air oxygen. It is a territorial sort of fish, males are brawling to each other. In a breeding fish take alive or frozen food and also artificial feed. The fish is bubblenest, spawns are put into a foam nest, built by a male, that takes care about the posterity for some time. The task of the work was to verify the influence of chosen feeds sorts and concentration of humic substances in water for a success in reproduction of Betta splendens fish. The experiment was performed in an aquarium room at institute of biological disciplines AF USB. The experimental work started on 12. 12. 2011 and was finished on 25. 2. 2013. Tested fish were by particular couples put into tanks, at which there were breeding afterwards. It was evaluated the frequency of spawns and the number of embryos. From the result of the work there is obvious that the feeding by a beef heart was preferable for fish´s fertility in a monitored time area about approximatelly 75% in comparison to feeding by a chicken breasts muscles. The presence, or more precisely the concentration of humic substances obviously did not affected the fertility. All fish´s groups embodied higher grade of fertility at the beginning of the monitored time area (probably higher fertility at younger - more vital fish). Siamese fighting fish is very demanded fish at aquarists, this is why is very important to evaluate certain parameters of breeding and rearing of these fish.
|
|
|
Postprandial thermophily in reptiles
STUCHLOVÁ, Klára
Many ectothermic vertebrates, including some species of reptiles, raise their preferred body temperature after feeding, termed postprandial thermophily. Postprandial thermophily enable the animal to digest its meal at higher rate. However, most studies documenting this phenomenon have relied upon laboratory thermal gradients, with grossly oversimplify an animal's environment and the thermal gradient data may sometimes be misleading. On the other hand, in field or field enclosure, thermoregulation is just one concern among many (such as reproduction, predator avoidance, foraging) and the current biotic and abiotic factors may influence actual thermoregulation behaviour of the specimen. So there is the need for caution in interpreting results. Future research into the thermal ecology of ectotherms should take special care in the design of experiments and methodology. Study animals should be given microhabitats that approximate those they prefer in the wild.
|
|
|
Influence of selected factors on reproduction of fish Ancistrus multispinnis
BARDOUNOVÁ, Alena
The white-girdled bristlenose catfish (Ancistrus multispinnis) is found in South America in the Amazon Basin, especially along the bed of flowing bodies of water. The male can be recognised from the long, thick, bristling tentacles and odontodes on the head and cheek. Females either have no tentacles or short, thin ones. Ancistrus multispinnis is omnivorous but primarily consumes plant matter. It is a much sought-after fish and it is therefore important to determine the best form of breeding and rearing. The monitoring required for compilation of the research project was performed in the aquarium room at the Department of Biological Sciences from March 2011 to March 2012. Normal and albino variants of Ancistrus multispinnis were used for reproduction. The tested fish were placed in 50 litre tanks where they then reproduced. A WTW meter, column (cation exchanger) and demineralisation filter were used for measurement of the values and for water treatment. The aim of the research project was to determine the influence of a selected form of feeding and water temperature on successful spawning of Ancistrus multispinnis. The findings reveal that, for successful spawning and breeding of these fish, the best form of feeding is to administer pellets specially designed for Ancistri, boiled nettles or lettuce leaves, finely shredded beef heart and even the occasional addition of pond plankton. The ideal water-temperature was revealed to be from 24-26 °C, pH 7-8, conductivity approx. 230 ?S/cm and oxygen content approx. 8.00 mg.l-1.
|
|
|
Impact of teperature, fish size and feeding on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in the african catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
KOMENDOVÁ, Jana
Aims of this thesis were to assesed the impact of feeding, temperature of water and fish size on ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption in Clarias gariepinus in recirculating system. Fish were divided in 8 weight categories from 21 to 2495 g. Experiments were performed under four temperatures: 22°C, 25°C, 28°C and 30°C. Fish were acclimatized, light conditions were: 14 hours of light period and 10 hours of dark period. Feeding was provided fed four times a day. Starved fish were measured. Measurements were held every two hours. Oxygen consumption was measured by multimeter and ammonia excretion using Nessler?s method. Average daily oxygen consumption in fed fish was dependent on temperature and average individual weight of fish, varied from 10.5 to 96.6 mg O2/kg/h and in hungry fish from 4.3 to 61.8 mg O2/kg/h. TAN excretion varied from 0 to 59.9 mg TAN/kg/h in fed fish and from 0 to 60.8 mg TAN/kg/h in hungry fish. Oxygen consumption increased with increasing temperature. Ammonia excretion was very unstable at all temperatures in all weight categories. Fish had higher ammonia excretion in light period of experiment.
|
|
|
Feeding of wild boar in hunts of Chlum and Sepekov
KOTALÍK, Tomáš
The bachelor thesis is focused on feeding of wild boar in two hunts. The first hunt which was chosen is the hunt of Chlum. The second hunt which was chosen for monitoring is the hunt of Sepekov. There were chosen two feeding places for monitoring in each hunt. The monitoring started in March 2009 and ended in February 2010. The monitoring of feeding should display differences between forest and mixed hunt. But the main reason was to find out the intensity of visits of wild boar in particular seasons pursuant to the influence of different factors. These factors were judged: climatic (snowfall, rainfall and temperature), the influences of sowing and harvest of agricultural crops during the year, the influence of collective hunting on wild boar near the feeding place and shooting on feeding places. The influence of feeding on the damages made by wild boar to fields was judged too. Localities were controlled twice a week. The feeding places were controlled by Ir-C cameras which were given on two feeding places once a week. These facts were found out by the observing. The intensity of visits on the feeding places is very different in particular seasons. The visit rate of feeding places isn´t influenced by the production of forest seeds in spring. We found out that the most favourite feed in this season was maize. Wild boar stays in agricultural monocultures in spring and on feeding places comes minimally. The popularity of particular sorts of feed depends on the term of their putting and hunting of wild boar in autumn and winter. We can avoid the damages to agricultural crops in spring, autumn and winter if we will have large enough forest in which we will be able to hold wild boar by feeding. The visit rate of the feeding place is influenced by the hunting near the feeding place, but the intensity of this influence depends on the scope of the hunting and the number of hunted members of herd which visited this feeding place. Wild boar visits the feeding place about two or three hours earlier in time of indigence. But during the rain it never appears on the feeding place.
|
|
|
The influence of regimen in general nurses in three-shift operation on their bio-psycho-social needs
ČAMRHELOVÁ, Veronika
The right regimen is one of the factors influencing the ability to handle the requirements of medical profession. It is important for the nurses to realize how important the right diet and keeping to it not only at home but also at work is, especially in the three-shift operation. The survey was quantitative. Anonymous questionnaires for randomly chosen nurses were applied for data collection. The research survey was carried out at asylum and at the Hospital in Havlíčkův Brod. 120 questionnaires were distributed in total, of which 114 (100%) were used for the research survey. Three goals were set for this paper. To find out whether nurses working in three-shift operation eat regularly, whether nurses keep a drinking regime and whether they suffer due to their regimen from indigestion. The set goals were fulfilled in the paper. Three hypotheses were set, each of which related to one goal. The first hypothesis presumed nurses ate regularly. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The second hypothesis presumed nurses maintain drinking regime at work, which was confirmed. The third hypothesis presumed nurses do not suffer from indigestion due to their regimen. The survey has shown nurses believe the medical profession has an impact on their regimen, especially in irregular eating habits, lack of sleep, and besides they consider their work as the cause of stress. On the other hand the nurses maintaining of drinking regime and lack of indigestion problems was a surprising realization. Regular eating habits certainly are an indicator of regimen. However many nurses do not have regular eating habits. The results of the paper shall help to better understand the importance of the right regimen. Nurses should be acquainted with this issue.
|
|
|
Noise in the vicinity of farms for rearing calves.
ŠÁMAL, Jiří
The work deals with noise in the vicinity of farms for rearing calves. In this work addresses the size of the noise that affects animals and humans around them. Data collection were two sound level meter, which we recorded the noise. Values are summarized in graphs. From graphs is clear, that there is overturned hygiene standards. This is reason, why there is no need to propose changes.
|
|
|
Employees´ Amenities from the Accounting and Tax System Perspective
PAPOUŠKOVÁ, Jitka
The bachelor thesis deals with employees´ amenities issue. Employees´ amenities belong to the inseparable instruments of contemporary management of human capital. Employees´ amenities affect positively employees´ contentment. Furthermore, they restrain fluctuation, encourage loyalty and motivate to higher and better performances. The goal of this thesis was to characterize employees´ amenities, their historical evolution and main meaning. The thesis was also focused on survey of the most known employees´ amenities and their tax perspective from the employees´ and employers´ points of view. The practical part was focused on analysis of employees´ amenities which are provided in labour-law relations. A conducted survey showed how employees perceive their amenities, if they use them, are satisfied with them or if they prefer other amenities. The survey was realised in the JIP {--} Papírny Větřní, a. s. company and other companies of the Czech South territory as well so that the comparison of the survey was enabled.
|
guest ::
