|
|
Behaviour of radioactive substances in the Vltava and Elbe Rivers during nuclear accident
Juranová, Eva ; Hanslík, Eduard (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee) ; Světlík, Ivo (referee)
Behaviour of radioactive substances in the Vltava and Elbe Rivers during nuclear accident Ing. Eva Juranová Supervisor: Ing. Eduard Hanslík, CSc. Abstract This work is focused in the research of the behaviour of radioactive substances released into the hydrosphere of the Vltava River and the subsequent Elbe stretch during a severe accident at the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. The background values of anthropogenic radionuclides in surface water, residual contamination after the Chernobyl accident and after atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons, were evaluated using two methods and these methods were compared. The migration of the accidental radioactive contaminants in the watercourse would be mainly influenced by their ability to sorb onto the solid phase in the hydrosphere. Therefore, the sorption of particular anthropogenic radionuclides onto bottom sediments and solids suspended in the water column was monitored and evaluated at several sites along the Vltava and the Elbe Rivers. Furthermore, the possibility of using tritium, which is discharged during normal operation of the Temelín power plant, as tracers for the purposes of modelling the migration of pollution, was assessed.
|
|
|
Study of selected antibiotics sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate
Amrichová, Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of sorption of antibiotics on microplastics. Antibiotics and microplastics are now a highly studied topic, due to the positive and negative properties. Antibiotics with groups of sulfonamides and quinolones were selected for the experiment. From sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were selected, and from the quinolones, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, which have already been the impetus for some microplastic studies. Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate was used as the microplastic. Two experiments were performed in the laboratory. The first aimed to monitor the time dependence of antibiotic sorption on polyhydroxybutyrate, the second the concentration. The concentration dependence was subsequently evaluated using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The method of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for analyzes.
|
|
|
Study of microplastic sorption properties
Hlaváčková, Hana ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
There is currently an effort to replace conventional plastics with biodegradable products that will have the ability to replace these substances. One of the possible biodegradable felt, which is currently being studied in detail, is also poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), which is produced by bacteria. This bachelor thesis deals with the sorption of selected substances on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microparticles. Substances whose contamination of water sources is a significant problem today have been selected for this work. Specifically, the sorption of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substance ibuprofen, the triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the most common drug caffeine on PHB particles, which fall in the size of the microplastic group, were studied. The method of liquid chromatography with mass detection was used for analyzes.
|
|
|
Behaviour of diclofenac in soil systems
Šmerdová, Kateřina ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
In these days, a large amount of drugs are not completely removed in wastewater treatment plants, than it enters watercourses and then it leaks into soils. These substances are not natural in the environment, so they can have a negative effects here. This is very important to study the behavior of foreign substances in the environment. In this thesis the sorption and desorption behavior of the commonly used drug diclofenac in the soil system was monitored. The rate of sorption and desorption was determined from the change in diclofenac concentration analyzed by UV-VIS spectrometry. Changes in pH and conductivity were also monitored. Diclofenac showed good sorption properties in all the concentrations. There was no desorption or just a minimal desorption, that indicating a strong bond between diclofenac and soil and less leachability into the soil fusion. The results of this thesis showed, that even if diclofenac leaks into the environment, it is mostly adsorbed into the soil. This is largely positive, because diclofenac is practically harmless in the soil and due to the strong bond it also persist there.
|
|
|
Sorption of charged organic compounds on humic acids
Krist, Tomáš ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with a sorption properties and physical-chemical characterization of humic acids before and after the adsorption. Sorption experiments with a methylene blue and a rhodamin 6G were performed. Adsorption isotherms were obtain via UV/VIS spectrometry. The Langmuir isotherm was used to evaluate the experimental data. Standard of HA isolated from Leonardite was characterized by an elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, by a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, a surface area analysis and also by a potentiometric titration.
|
|
|
Options eliminate odors in sewer network
Žíla, Radim ; Malaník,, Stanislav (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis focuses on the possibility of removing odor on the sewer network. The first part of the research describes how the odor is generally perceived and what legislation regulates its quantity in the air. The second part of the research focuses on problems of formation of smelting sulfate on the sewer network. This section describes the formation of sulfane as a major component of odor. Further disclosed are methods for its removal, and the ways in which the odor is measured. The practical part deals with laboratory testing of pre-selected fillings in order to determine their ability to remove odorous sulfane. In the second part, on-line measurements are made to determine the causes of sulphan formation in a given location.
|
|
|
Eliminating odors in the sewer network
Novotný, Jiří ; Malaník,, Stanislav (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis focusses on the elimination of odor in the sewer system. Firstly, the paper contains the research in problematics of the origin, control and risks of the hydrogen sulfide for humans as well as for the sewer system. Secondly, the paper describes methods for hydrogen sulfide removal from water, air and in addition to that the selected sorbents are described in detail. Practical part deals with sorbent testing for hydrogen sulfide removal in laboratory environment. The practical part also follows up the odor in the particular area through sorption on sewer filters. From the measured data and from the results of the laboratory analyzes the consequences of the odor are evaluated and recommendations for the operator are presented.
|
|
|
Synthesis and sorption properties of bis(phosphonates)
Zabloudil, Adam ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Nižňanský, Daniel (referee)
Three compounds were synthesized in this bachelor thesis- hydroxy(phenyl)methandiyl- bis(phosphonic) acid - disodium salt (Na2H2L1 ), 1-hydroxy-2-phenylethan-1,1-diyl- bis(phosphonic) acid - disodium salt (Na2H2L2 ) and tetraethyl hepta-1,6-diyne-4,4-diyl- bis(phosphonate) (L4 ). The next part of the thesis is focused on sorption towards to powdered titanium dioxide surface. Following compounds were used for these sorption experiments: Na2H2L1 , Na2H2L2 and 1-hydroxy-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethan-1,1-diyl-bis(phosphonic) acid (H4L3 ). The experimental results show that compounds Na2H2L1 and Na2H2L2 have the ability to solubilize titanium dioxide into solution - for this reason there is no possibility to use UV-Vis spectroscopy to evaluate their sorption. In the case of H4L3 there are no solubilizing properties. The compound interacts intensively with titanium dioxide surface and forms monomolecular layer. Keywords: Bis(phosphonates), sorption, titanium dioxide.
|
|
|
Sorption of radionuclid 85Sr to soils from area nuclear power plant Temelín
Reidingerová, Markéta ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of sorption of radionuclide 85 Sr in soil collected in the area of a nuclear power plant Temelín. A single-batch method experiment was used when a solution of radionuclide 85 Sr of known activity was added to the soil. The experiments focussed on the influence of pH with the size of the sorption and the influence of the time of the contact of the solution with the sorption. During the experiment with the value of pH closest to the pH of underground water from the nuclear power plant Temelín, the sorption of soil was somewhere between 31 to 44 %. When the time influence on the sorption was examined, radionuclide 85 Sr was sorbed very quickly. For the comparison of the sorption size in connection with the time, for which it was chosen 120 minutes, the sorption was almost constant, reaching 40 to 48 %. Key words Radioactivity, radionuclide 85 Sr, sorption, nuclear power plant Temelín
|
|
|
Bis(phosphinates)
Křečková, Pavlína ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Schulz, Jiří (referee)
Title: Bis(phosphinates) Autor: Pavlína Křečková Department: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Supervisor: RNDr. Vojtěch Kubíček, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: kubicek@natur.cuni.cz Abstract Four geminal bis(phosphinate) acids were prepared and characterized by TLC, NMR, MS, EA. The compounds were acquired in high yields (over 55 %). Stability of these compounds was tested in chosen aqueous buffers, which covered a wide range of pH. The experiments showed that the prepared compounds are not fully stable. Performed experiments have shown negligible sorption of synthesized bis(phosphic) acids to hydroxyapatite, which was used as a model of bone tissue. Keywords: geminal, bis(phosphinate), decomposition, sorption.
|
guest ::
