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Refusing of vaccination in the Vysočina region in the period 2010 - 2013
PALÁTOVÁ, Ilona
Vaccination in the Czech Republic has had a long tradition, belonging to the basic care within the paediatric prevention. It is a very effective protection for children and adults not only from infectious diseases but also their consequences. In these modern times, however, there are some voices questioning the usefulness and importance of mandatory vaccination. Fighting for its abolition comes from individuals as well as from organized groups that call the vaccination to be unethical, immoral and inhuman. The most common reason to refuse the vaccination is the belief that some vaccinations are not necessary. This issue is increasingly becoming the subject of many discussions, so I see it very topical.
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Production and functional characterization of tick salivary protease inhibitors
KOTÁL, Jan
Two cysteine and two serine protease inhibitors from a tick Ixodes ricinus saliva were overexpressed using a prokaryotic overexpression system and refolded to their native state. Both cysteine protease inhibitors were tested as potential antigens for an anti-tick vaccine showing no effect on tick feeding or reproduction. Various immunological methods were employed to test the potential immunomodulatory function of these proteins without success.
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Survey of vaccination coverage and vaccination discipline in compulsory vaccination
MAXOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this survey is also to determine vaccination coverage in compulsory vaccination of kids in the first years of life, compliance of vaccine dose timing with vaccination schedule and reasons why some children were not vaccinated. Another goal is to analyse the reasons for some kids in the first years of life being vaccinated late and whether some kids in groups most at risk are vaccinated against tuberculosis. We used a quantitative research method in the form of a cross-sectional study comprised of data collection and analysis. Our research sample consisted of children born in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in České Budějovice district. The reason why we have chosen this particular group of children is that (if applicable vaccination schedule had been adhered to) they were supposed to be fully vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, haemophilus influenzae b, Hepatitis B virus, poliomyelitis (DTPHibHB). This group of 831 children (427 boys and 404 girls) have been chosen by random sampling from practising paediatricians. These selected physicians provided us with data about all children born in above mentioned years. The results showed that overall vaccination coverage for Infanrix Hexa vaccine (four doses) is 98.2% and 97.26% for Priorix vaccine (two doses). Vaccination coverage for tuberculosis in the years 2009 and 2010 was 90.05%. In the first years of life, up to 88.1% of newborns were vaccinated against tuberculosis ? at least, according to vaccination schedule (and applicable Order). In the first year of life, 99.9% of children have been given three doses of Infanrix Hexa vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae b invasive disease and Hepatitis B virus. In the first eighteen months of life, 97.4% of children in analysed sample were given fourth dose of said vaccine. 68.6% of children were given the first dose of Priorix-Tetra vaccine in the first fifteen months of life. In the following six to ten months, 75.4% of children were given the second dose. Further analysis revealed that in 40.5% of analysed records some vaccine dose timings were not met. The most common reason for vaccination delay was the state of health of the child. Two instances of vaccination delay were also caused by the omissions of parents. In 2010, indication for vaccination against tuberculosis was recorded for one newborn. In 2011, for four children from the analysed sample vaccination against tuberculosis was recommended. In all cases, vaccination against tuberculosis has been carried out in calmetisation centre. Taking into account my study and its results I can safely assume that the goals of my diploma thesis have been met and the hypotheses set forth have been confirmed by the research.
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Prevention of influenza in persons aged over 65 years and in persons with high-risk medical conditions in the district of Český Krumlov and their attitude toward vaccination.
ĎURIŠOVÁ, Markéta
The topic of my thesis is the issue of prevention of influenza in persons aged 65 years and persons with high-risk medical conditions in the district of Český Krumlov and their attitude toward vaccination. The study is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part a comprehensive knowledge of epidemiology, the cause, treatment and opportunities for the prevention of influenza are mentioned. The practical part is focused on a vaccination coverage survey and opinions on vaccination in people aged over 65 years and persons with high-risk medical conditions in the district of Český Krumlov and analysis of results obtained by the research investigation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons that lead to small vaccination coverage of these groups and to find out how to increase vaccination rates. To obtain the data I used the method of quantitative research by means of anonymous questionnaires. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed. The final number for data processing was 190 questionnaires. In connection with the study I set out four hypotheses. The hypotheses were confirmed or refuted on the basis of my investigation assessment. The research results have shown that the most frequent reason for non-vaccination is the lack of information the respondents have about influenza disease and influenza vaccination. This implies the fact that the most respondents do not believe in the effects of vaccination, and many people do not perceive influenza as a serious condition. Therefore, through this study I would like to emphasize the importance of information that can help people consider the risk of influenza disease and encourage them to use vaccination.
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Factors influencing consumer decision on the selection of pneumococcal vaccines
Janovská, Pavlína ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
This thesis deals with problems of vaccination, which is today a very discussed topic. Thesis is focused on general information about immunization, vaccine calendar, safety and legislation on vaccination. In the thesis is also examined public opinion about vaccination. The thesis is mainly focused on optional vaccination against pneumococcal infections. Specifically looks at the factors which influence consumer decision-making in the selection of pneumococcal vaccines. Compared are the two competing preparations, Synflorix and Prevenar. The objective of the thesis is to identify and compare factors influencing the consumer choice of vaccine against pneumococcal infections.
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Improvement nurse standard "vaccinations" in primary care about child
MÁCOVÁ, Veronika
Application of the ?vaccination? nursing standard in primary child care Vaccination is a topic having been discussed since the very beginning. It is one of the most important parts of prevention of infectious diseases. Thanks to vaccination we only know some infectious diseases from historical resources nowadays. The vaccination history is not really long, however vaccination has helped save a lot of children lives. Despite undisputable benefit of vaccination there are still more opponents of vaccination, whose arguments are very often groundless or taken out of context. Diseases that had been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccination have spread in countries where some vaccination ended. This is why vaccination is so important. There are a lot of vaccines on the market nowadays, new vaccination substances still appear and compulsory and no-compulsory vaccination is being changed with gradual scientific development. My thesis presents a complex outline of information on children vaccination and vaccination procedures. The aim of the thesis was to explore the present situation and vaccination procedures applied by practitioners for children and adolescents. Another aim was to develop a nursing standard for children vaccination and to check its practical applicability. To meet these goals the thesis is divided into a theoretical part including structured information on children vaccination and vaccination procedures in the past and at present. The practical pat of the thesis is focused on quantitative examination of the present situation, vaccination procedures and collection of information on novelties in vaccination in surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire, which was distributed to 130 surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents in Vysočina and South Bohemia regions. 93 of the 130 questionnaires were suitable for processing. The practical part then contains an audit and an inquiry about the elaborated nursing standard performed in 6 surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. The questionnaire and the inquiry were anonymous. Both the set goals were met. The results show that there are differences both in vaccination procedures and in approach to children vaccination in the individual surgeries of practitioners for children and adolescents. The research results also point out that information on vaccination is sufficient, however unclear. The result of the audit and the inquiry showed that the elaborated standard is practically applicable and is beneficial for nurses. These result confirm that a nurse always participates in vaccination process, which is why it is important for her to be informed enough on children vaccination and related activities and to be able to perform vaccination as well as related administration. The thesis may be useful in my opinion as it contains complex and structured information on children vaccination. This is why it may be used both in a surgery of a practitioner for children and adolescents and for educational purposes. Of course with consideration to vaccination related amendments of the Ministry of Health Care.
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How parents are informed about children´s vaccination benefits
MAŤÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
ABSTRACT How parents are informed about children?s vaccination benefits Inoculation is a very effective protection of children and adults against not only diseases but their consequences as well. In spite of that it is often discussed and it has a number of opponents. The bachelor thesis ,,How parents are informed about children?s vaccination benefits?? consists of a theoretical and practical sections. The theoretical one includes basic information about vaccination. There you can find information on composition of vaccination substances and indications to inoculate, on possible undesirable post-vaccination reactions, on counter-indications as well as on vaccination substances used in the Czech Republic within the framework of compulsory and optional vaccination. The practical part includes results achieved. A quantitative research strategy was used for processing the data. The questioning method ? questionnaires ? was used for data collection. The questionnaire was intended for parents with children under 15 years. The research was carried out in nine general practitioners? surgeries for children and young people in Mladá Boleslav. 150 questionnaires were distributed, 140 were returned. 15 of them could not be used due to incorrect or incomplete completion. So the rate of return was 83.3%. 125 of them were used for the research. The investigation took place in the spring of 2011. The objective of the thesis was to map how parents were informed about compulsory children?s vaccination at the age of 0 to 15 years old in Mladá Boleslav. Moreover, the objective also was to confirm or disconfirm four hypotheses. H1 hypothesis supposed that parent?s education influenced their awareness. It was confirmed. H2 hypothesis expected that parents received most information about vaccination from a paediatrician. That hypothesis was also confirmed on the basis of the results found. H3 hypothesis said that parents would welcome extension of the existing vaccination calendar, especially TB inoculation should be added. That hypothesis was confirmed partially. H4 hypothesis suggested that parents with only one child were less informed. The results did not confirm it. I would like my thesis to be a clear information source for parents and to be a stimulus for their increased interest in those problems.
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Epidemiology of tuberculosis - reaction on vaccine BCG
FOŠUM, Pavel
Epidemiology of tuberculosis-reaction to BCG vaccine World Health Organization records nine million people worldwide who fall ill with tuberculosis and more than three million who die of this disease a year. Tuberculosis has been known for a long time and despite the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis etiological role by Robert Koch, the invention of RTG diagnostics by Roentgen and effective treatment using antibiotics by Waksman as the first, this disease still represents a considerable risk for society. Prevention using BCG vaccine has positive as well as negative aspects. This thesis is focused on describing newborn vaccination coverage, occurrence and duration of side and adverse effects after the application of BCG vaccine during the first days of life and on the influence on the following compulsory vaccination. We used the method of quantitative research in the form of epidemiology descriptive study using the technique of individual data collection and analysis. As a research area the group of children born in 2004, 2005, and 2006 was used. The group of 804 children (410 boys and 393 girls) was selected by the technique of random cluster sampling. We found out that out of 804 respondents 98.6 % were vaccinated with BCG vaccine. The group of 11 children was not vaccinated due to: HBsAg positivity of mother, low birth weight or health problems. Reaction after BCG vaccination was not healed until the next planed shot in 307 children (38.1 %). There were 4 people with no reaction at all to BCG (0.8%). The most frequent side (adverse) reaction after vaccination was scar unhealed at the time of next planed vaccination in 274 cases, (34.1%). Monoreactions accounted for more than a half of recorded reactions. Reaction time period was in the range from 11 to 300 days. Median of reaction time period was 30 days. We did not find any serious adverse reaction. Our research demonstrated, that frequency of side and adverse reactions after BCG vaccination is high (38.1 %). These are mainly benign side effects. We found that these reactions lead to postponing of the subsequent vaccination of the compulsory vaccination scheme in all who reacted to BCG vaccination. The occurrence of side reactions after BCG vaccine raises the question of appropriateness to carry out the BCG vaccination in first days of life. The results of this thesis can be used as a pilot study for the whole country study of mapping side and adverse reactions and further consideration of compulsory vaccination scheme.
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Vaccination in the face of healthy lifestyle
MERKLOVÁ, Simona
In my bachelor study I am engaged in a connection between a vaccination and a health lifestyle. In a theoretical part I devote to the obligatory vaccination and its importance for human health. Further I think about a question, if the vaccination is safe and if it is all right that the vaccination is obligatory. I describe also diseases, which can threaten us, if we are not immunized. In a practical part I concentrate on college students with a specialization called Education into health and their relation to the vaccanation. I am interested mainly in their knowledge of this problem and I want to know their opinion on the vaccanation.
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