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Identification and elimination of the risk that can endanger nurses during their professional performance
CHARVÁTOVÁ, Lenka
Theoretical background Employment in the health service brings about a number of risks that are specific of respective health facilities and their departments. Nurses should be informed about all possible risks resulting from their nursing practice, as well as about ways to eliminate these risks because this is the only way they can protect themselves and by suitable means and procedures. Performing their work, nurses are exposed to four main areas of risk factors. These concern especially the effects of mental and physical strain, chemicals and biological factors. Objective of my thesis The objective was to test nurses' knowledge of risks and to test how well they can eliminate these risks. Apart from that, the thesis endeavours to find out whether the risks in nurses' work change in relation to the field of care provided. Hypotheses H1 Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice. H2 Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care. H3 The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound caused by a needle. H 4 Nurses are acquainted with manners to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation. Methodology To test nurses' knowledge, I compiled a questionnaire focused on surveying the knowledge in the field of risks and elimination of these risks. The questionnaire was arranged in two basic groups. The first group was focused on the knowledge of risks and occurring injury in the performance of the occupation (the puncture wound by a needle). The other group was focused on the area of eliminating the risks. The research was carried out in medical facilities in the Region of South Bohemia. Altogether, 417 nurses were addressed. The following sections were chosen in a haphazard fashion: pulmonary, surgical, internal and a neurological departments, department of subsequent care and the intensive care unit. All the results obtained were statistically processed in the Excel programme from the Microsoft Office software packet. I used a graphic depiction to interpret the outcomes. Outcomes It was found out in the first area of the outcomes that nurses are acquainted with the risks of their occupation (knowledge of risk behaviour, when handling loads, when working with chemicals, when handling oxygen cylinders, treating an aggressive client). The second area of the outcomes was essential for establishing the ways to eliminate risks (the nurses proved knowledge of risks and duties, the duty to participate in creating a safe environment , compulsory preventive medical examinations, knowledge of risk behaviour, using personal protective equipment, observing the work principles and procedures, knowledge of treating contaminated laundry, oxygen cylinders and immobile clients, disinfection of hands, treating an aggressive client). The third area yielded an answer to the question whether puncture wounds caused by needles ranked among the most frequent risks in the occupation of the nurse. The last area was essential to establish the variability of risks depending on the field of care provided. It was found out, that risks varied in relation to the field of care provided, while the nurses viewed the mental and physical strain as the most significant risk in the performance of their work. H1 - Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice - was confirmed, H2 - Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care provided - was confirmed, H3 - The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound by a needle - was confirmed, H4 - Nurses know ways to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation - was confirmed. Conclusion The outcomes of the research realized will be given to the managements of the above medical facilities, with the aim of increasing the nurses' knowledge of possible risks occurring in the performance of their work, as well as possible ways of eliminating these risks.
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Social Work with Seniors as Victims of Crime Theft and Deception
HOJDAROVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor?s thesis is focused on senior, as a victim of a theft crime and fraud and, in connection to the consequences of this problem, on social work. The theoretical part describes the age in general and its division, the changes that are age related and have an impact on the situation when senior becomes a frequent target of offenders then followed by theft crimes, scams and their forms, especially doorstep selling and promotional events, theoretical part also includes preventive measures related to fraud and theft, and in the consequences of crime, the social work with seniors as a victims of a crime is described here. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis is to identify the most common form of crime and fraud committed against seniors, then the awareness of seniors about the danger of theft and fraud and knowledge and following the preventive measures by the seniors. I stated the main research questions: What are the most common forms of theft crime and fraud committed against seniors? Are the seniors informed about possible dangers of theft? Are the seniors informed about possible dangers of fraud? What preventive measures are followed by seniors not to become a victim of theft crime? What preventive measures are followed by seniors not to become a victim of fraud? The partial research questions were assigned to main research questions that determine whether the seniors know the dangers of doorstep selling and promotional events, where the seniors feel the most vulnerable to fraud and theft, what preventive measures about theft and fraud they know and whether they follow the preventive measures. For the practical part of the thesis, the qualitative research was chosen whose. For gaining of the data, the asking method and technique of semi-controlled interview were used. The questions of semi-controlled interview are divided into four areas, where two areas are related to theft and fraud and related doorstep selling and promotional events and other two areas are related to preventive measures, always in connection to theft of fraud. The results are, for the first research question: What are the most common forms of theft crime and fraud committed against seniors? evaluated by secondary analysis of data and the rest of questions by method of capturing formulas (,,gestalts"). The results of this bachelor?s thesis showed, that the most common form of the theft crime committed against seniors, are the thefts directly in the flat of the senior, who is robbed even of their life savings right after allowing the stranger to go into the flat. It showed, that in relation to the most common form of fraud crime, the seniors are most frequently cheated when signing unfavourable contracts either during doorstep selling or promotional events. The promotional events are the hot topic of this year, as in the fight against this events, the documentary film ,,Šmejdi" was filmed, showing the seniors being cheated on them. The knowledge gained thanks to this bachelor?s thesis can be used as a basis for extension of information about the issue to seniors and also as a source of information for social workers working with seniors.
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Awareness of university students about the health risks associated with a stay abroad, knowledge and use of possible preventive measures
HANKOVÁ, Hana
The topic of my thesis is foreign travel issues. Its purpose is to survey the awareness of students of the University of South Bohemia about travel risks, while mapping the knowledge and use of available preventive measures. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I try to describe in a well arranged way the available knowledge about health risks associated with traveling, including the various forms of prevention. The aim of the practical part is to analyze the obtained data and to determine the awareness of university students about the risks associated with traveling. The survey is based on the methods of prevalence studies conducted using an anonymous questionnaire survey. In total, 652 students of the University of South Bohemia were addressed, the number of returns was 460 questionnaires. In relation to the objectives two hypotheses were proposed. H1: The awareness of students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies about the health risks associated with a stay abroad is significantly higher than that of students of other faculties of the University of South Bohemia. H2: Statistically, the most important source of information on the knowledge and use of possible prevention measures is the Internet. These hypotheses were statistically evaluated and on the basis of the obtained results they were confirmed or refuted. The research results show that the most informed about the presented issues are students of the Faculty of Science. This fact was later explained by a number of exotic destinations visited during the last stay abroad, as well as a wide offer of the Faculty of globally-oriented practical training and research fellowships, in connection with which the students inform themselves about possible travel risks. Statistically, most of the surveyed students use the Internet to get information. This research became the basis for targeted focus of health education on minimizing health risks when traveling abroad. The real outcome of the thesis is an information poster which will be distributed to individual faculties of the University of South Bohemia.
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Analysis of the number of persons killed by fires since 2001 in the South Bohemian region and draft measures for the number reduction
ŽIDKOVÁ, Jana
The Bachelor?s Thesis themed ?Analysis of the number of persons killed by fires since 2001 in the South Bohemian region and draft measures for the number reduction? is an analysis of persons killed by fires from 2001 to 2010 in the South Bohemian region according to criteria defined in advance. Among these criteria belongs a comparison of persons killed by fires according to age, buildings, regions of South Bohemia territory depending on months in the year, fire occurrence cause and comparison to other regions of the Czech Republic. First part of the Bachelor?s Thesis is focused on actual number of persons killed by fires in the Czech Republic. It further deals with basics of fires, defines danger in the place of fire and classifies toxic substances occurring as combustion products. Results of the analysis of fires during which there were killed persons in the South Bohemian region according to statistical data are presented in the second part of the thesis. Based on an identification of risk areas there has been developed a system of measures, which should lead to reduction of the number of death by fire. Comparison of the data from 2001 to 2010 brings us to the conclusion that despite the decreasing number of fires the number of killed persons increases and in terms of the death in fires households are the most risky area.
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Analysis of hygiene knowledge level as for 1st up to 3rd class pupils in Primary School Hradská Humpolec
PRŮŠOVÁ, Ivana
My thesis deals with hygienic knowledge monitoring of pupils at the age of 6 up to 10 years attending Hradská Elementary School in Humpolec. Further it is focused on pupil´s education related to the significance of observing hygienic rules and potential consequences which can result in case of their breach. In the end, after carrying out the education, I evaluated the pupils´ knowledge of the problems in question. The initial part of my thesis gives information about hygiene history, basic hygienic habits, selected infectious diseases of child age, these infections epidemiologic characteristic, diagnostics, clinical knowledge, precautionary measures and vaccination problems. This part was elaborated by using method of secondary data analysis. The quantitative research and lecture on the theme "Precaution of infectious disease with practising the right method of washing hands? were carried out in the second part of my thesis. The data acquired via two questionnaire inquiries are evaluated statistically by means of graphs. The acquired results are under discussion in the third part of my thesis. The pupils have basic knowledge of body care; they know which hygienic habits they should observe. Unfortunately they do not always do it. The necessity of hygienic rules observance is not preferred by children because they do not realize their importance. Children should improve their dental hygiene and method of washing hands. Observing hygiene is important in infectious diseases precaution and indisputably also because of everybody's feeling fine. In my opinion the education has an influence on improving the knowledge level in the field of hygienic habits and therefore its implementation makes sense. My thesis can be used as information material for work in the given field. Its results can be used to increase the children's knowledge level in personal hygiene.
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The Risks of Working as a Nurse
GENGELOVÁ, Gabriela
The work of nurses in health care is often physically and psychologically demanding. Some inpatient departments have specific labor conditions and from them come risks. Nurses are continuously exposed to the risk of injury, infection, but also stress caused by their work. These labor-related risks can cause disorders on health or cause labor-related diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce workload, stress, psycho-social risks and pay special attention to preventive measures and keep sanitary-epidemiological behavior. This Bachelor thesis called ?Risks of Nurse´s Labor? is divided into two parts. The theoretical part strives to summarize the risks of a nurse?s work focusing on preventive measures related to particular risks. Results of this survey are processed in the research part of this thesis. During the survey I used a quantitative method of data collection ? by using a questionnaire. The research file was created by nurses working in Internal and Neurological departments and a Residential facility for chronically ill patients in the Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. and in the University Hospital in Plzeň. In the Bachelor´s thesis 2 objectives and 3 related hypotheses have been set. The objectives were fulfilled and hypotheses were either verified or rejected. The author was trying to find out what nurses regard as the highest risks in clinically focused workplaces and what preventive measures are applied with respect to perceived risks. From the results come out that nurses regard being stung by an infected needle as the highest risk in the workplace. Preventive measures are applied in a limited scope.
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Assessment of the health hazard pertaining to the selected working conditions concerning manufacture of concrete-based products in the selected manufacturing plant
BRULÍK, Petr
In the working environment relating to the manufacture of concrete-based products there are many risk factors that may have a negative impact of the health condition of the employees. Among the most significant factors affecting the organism of every employee involved in the manufacture of concrete-based products there are in particular noise, physical strain, operating position and vibrations. Among these most significant factors, I have concentrated on noise and vibrations in the selected manufacturing plant as the plant was equipped with a new automatic machine where everything is controlled and performed by means of controls and where physical strain or unacceptable working conditions are nearly missing. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I focused on the assessment of health hazard and the relating aspects concerning noise and vibrations and the effect thereof on human organism. The goal of the thesis was to formulate a hypothesis concerning the area of assessment of health hazards pertaining to the selected factors present in the working environment closely related to the working conditions attributable to the manufacture of concrete-based products in the selected manufacturing plant. Three hypotheses were formulated, the assessment of health hazards pertaining to factors relating to the working conditions concerned was performed, the works were classified into the categories prescribed by the applicable legal regulations and the precautionary measures aiming at the protection of the employees at work were proposed. The thesis was based on the application of a qualitative survey, using in particular the secondary data analysis methodology compiling study of specialist information sources, the applicable laws and by-laws and relevant reports. The values obtained by measurement were processed and subsequently compared with the sanitary limits prescribed by the applicable legal regulations. The hypotheses have been proven due to this methodology and the goals have been achieved. It has been confirmed that values exceeding limits imposed by the applicable legal regulations are present in the manufacturing plant concerned. Noise seems to be a more significant risk factor than vibrations here and the proposed precautionary measures should eliminate damage to health of the employees due to the effect of the working conditions concerned. In practice, this thesis can serve for the purpose of improvement of awareness in the area of health hazard arising from working conditions pertaining to manufacture of concrete-based products and improvement of efficiency of the precautionary measures taken.
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Profesional injuries of the graduate medical staff in the Ústecký region hospitals
KRÁTKÁ, Hana
The reason for choosing "Occupational Injuries of Medium-Level Medical Personnel in Hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem" as the topic of my master's degree stems from the fact that I have already inquired into this topic in my bachelor's thesis. Work-related injuries of hospital nurses are an interesting and important issue. Therefore, my aim was to explore this currently very up-to-date and crucial topic in greater detail, to map the level of legislative knowledge among nurses working at hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem, as well as to become familiar with the opinions of hospital head nurses in the region on this issue. Health care personnel face the daily risk of injury from used syringes and other sharp objects, which, in turn, pose a hazard for their exposure to infectious agents. More than 800,000 syringe injuries occur to over 800,000 health care personnel in the United States and to 100,000 in the United Kingdom every year. Of all health professionals, nurses are exposed to the highest risk of injury from used syringes and other sharp objects. The most frequent diseases associated with occupational injuries include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS. Work-related and non-work related injuries from used syringes or other sharp objects contaminated with biological material are recorded and evaluated separately by regional hygiene stations. The first, theoretical part of the thesis describes the individual diseases associated with injuries from used syringes or other sharp objects, precautionary and repressive measures related to sharp object injuries, as well as valid legal regulations on occupational injuries. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to research and it provides an evaluation of questionnaires completed by nurses from hospitals in the Region of Ústí nad Labem. Furthermore, it presents an overview of secondary data on medical personnel injuries collected from annual reports of the Regional Hygiene Station in Ústí nad Labem, as well as an evaluation of interviews conducted with the hospital head nurses in the region. The results of the thesis will be communicated to the hospital head nurses in the region and/or to the head nurses of individual wards and departments, and they shall serve as the basis for further education of health professionals in the area of occupational injuries.
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Risk factors at public health work: differences among professions in non-medical fields
LAŠTOVKOVÁ, Marie
The paper focuses on health risk factors for non-medical healthcare workers, namely general nurses and radiology assistants. Factors which may have negative impacts on healthcare workers{\crq} health affect both physical and mental health. Factors such as toxic substances, biological radiation, infectious diseases and spine and joints overloading caused by the incorrect manipulation with patients can have negative impact on physical health. Both physical and mental health is affected by stress, as well as by workers{\crq} lifestyle and education. Healthcare workers who take care of patients must be in a good physical and mental shape in order to provide quality care. Therefore, the goal of healthcare workers themselves, as well as of their employer, should be obtaining sufficient information on work safety and hygienic measures and being able to use the information in practice - they should actively participate in prevention of health damage related to the performance of their profession. The first hypothesis {--} non-medical healthcare workers are informed about risk factors associated with the performance of their profession - was confirmed. The second hypothesis - there are differences in the presence of risk factors among non-medical healthcare workers - was also confirmed; differences in the occurrence of some risk factors are clearly visible. Different healthcare professions should therefore be approached in a targeted way, with respect to the type of workplace and job description of healthcare workers. The third hypothesis {--} non-medical healthcare workers comply with preventive measures preventing health damage - was not confirmed. One of the reasons why hypotheses 1 and 2 were confirmed may be the fact that increased attention has been paid to this topic recently - standards have been made, and consequently also targeted audits. These measures have usually a positive impact - healthcare workers have gradually realized that safety measures are not useless, and by obeying them, healthcare workers protect not only patient and their surrounding, but especially themselves.
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The significance of education in prevention of children´s injuries in home setting
BŘENDOVÁ, Marie
Abstract The significance of education in prevention of children´s injuries in home setting Constantly increasing number of children´s injuries and even fatal injuries, is a warning signal not only for professionals, but also for laymen. Statistics indicate that injuries have fatal results for 300 children every year and they are traditionally the most frequent cause of children´s death. There is a common, but widely spread opinion, that injuries simply occur, belong to a life, happen accidentally and there is no possibility to prevent from them. The aim of our work was to monitor information of parents about possibilities of preventive measurments from children´s injuries at the age from 0 {--} 6 years in a home. We wanted also to map out occurence of the most frequent injuries of children, to make educational lessons which would be aimed at recognized problemacy, the most frequently incident injuries and fulfilling the aims of qualified modern nursing care in a field of primary care. Relating to the above-mentioned we stated three following hypotheses: Hypothesis No.1: Parents are informed about possibilities of prevention from injuries of children at the age of 0 {--} 6 years in a home Hypothesis No.2: The most frequent causes of injuries in a home are falls and burns Hypothesis No.3: There is not elaborated educational process(lesson), which deals with prevention from burns and falls in detail We used a method of questionnaires for research of given problemacy. We monitored basic information with a pilot research of parents in a Parent Centre. On this basis we elaborated and administrated a questionnaire determined to other respondents from parents, who showed interest in taking part in our research. When we analyzed results from questionnaires, we drew a conclusion that parents have sufficient information about a prevention from children´s injuries, but they often approach to them carelessly and underestimate safety measurments in a home, which cannot result in a decrease of children´s accident frequency rate. Hypothesis No.1 was corroborated. The most frequent occured children´s injuries were falls and termic injuries in our research file. Hypothesis No. 2 was approved. We found out in analysis of results that respondents did not meet any possibility of taking part in repeated professionally lead actions about prevention from children´s injuries, in detail and specifically aimed at a serious problemacy of falls and children´s burns. Hypothesis No.3 was approved. The benefit of this work consists in practical use of our elaborated educational lesson, aimed at prevention from termic injuries and falls of children at the age of 0 {--} 6 years in a home, aimed at observation of preventive measurments by parents and learning basic procedures of providing effective first aid. This work should be also suggestive for paediatric nurses and also for experts whose branch is providing primary aid in a field, but also for nurses working in paediatric wards in hospitals, in a field of secondary care. When nurses in this type of ward realize an educational lesson aimed at prevention from termic injuries and falls, it will be significant not only for them, but also it contributes for improvement of medical care and fulfilling aims of modern nursing. This work can be also used for study purposes and it can help students who deal with study of nursing, but it can be also used by students dealing with problemacy of medical-social prevention also in other branches in the framework of their study.
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