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Využití modelu virginní mléčné žlázy jalovice ke studium imunologických vlastností buněk obranného systému mléčné žlázy skotu
Vránová, Eliška
The mammary gland is the main production body in dairy cattle breeding. These days are current problems of mastitis disease of the mammary gland, which have an appreciable economic impact. Bachelor thesis briefly describes the anatomical structure of virgin mammary gland of non-pregnant heifers and discusses the use of model virgin mammary gland of heifers to study the immunological properties of the cell. Describes its first use, because the methodology used is the basis for subsequent work performed on virgin mammary gland. The work also aims to summarize the use of the model in research practice. Research reviewed the ultrastructure and functional characteristics of the cells before and during induced inflammation, its intensity and time of resolution by used agents. Furthermore, evaluating the pros and cons of using virgin mammary gland, compared to the adult mammary gland during involution, or lactation.
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Fattening of heifers in Sumava mountains
VALTER, Jiří
The main goal of this master?s thesis is to assess heifer fattening conducted in two grazing cycles in the mountain region of Southern Bohemia. The observation was carried out in two cycles in the years 2008/2009 and 2010/2011. A total of 99 heifers was observed, all of them crossbreeds of Aberdeen Angus or Simmental cattle. In the first grazing cycle, the heifers were raised on pasture together with the mothers and stabled for the winter season. The heifers were slaughtered after the end of the second grazing cycle in the next year. Live weight of the heifers was recorded at the end of the first grazing cycle, at the end of the winter season and again at the end of the second grazing cycle. The weight of the dressed carcass and results of the SEUROP carcass classification were further recorded. The average daily gain was calculated for each period from the live weight. The data set was sorted by the month of birth and by the SEUROP class score. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel. In order to evaluate the results, basic statistical parameters were calculated for each of the selected variables and the cogency of the differences between the groups was tested with the two-tailed t-test at the corresponding level of significance. The average weight of the heifers at the end of the first grazing cycle was 281,2 kg, average weight at the end of the winter season was 366,1 kg and the average weight at the end of the second grazing cycle was 511,6. The average age of the heifers at the end of the first grazing cycle was 221,5 days and they were slaughtered at the average age of 568,9 days. The average daily gain was 1,16 kg during the first grazing cycle, 0,53 kg during the winter season and 0,81 kg during the second grazing cycle. The lifetime average daily gain was 0.85 kg. Net gain averaged 0,45 kg per heifer. The average weight of the dressed carcass was 253,8 kg. 2,1 % of the heifers gained SEUROP class ?U?; 54,5 % class ?R? and 43,4 % class ?O?. The heifers showed considerable variability, especially in the weight at the end of the second grazing cycle (sx = 42,4 kg). Data analysis revealed correlations of r2=0,62 between weaning weight and slaughter weight and r2=0,69 between weaning weight and JUT weight.
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The evaluation of productive and reproductive indicators by grazing reared heifers
PALČISKOVÁ, Barbara
On the school farm were selected a total of 33 heifers, 13 heifers, pasture bred heifers and 20 team-bred manner. For these two groups was observed fertility (age at first calving, insemination interval, service period) and milk yield (kg of milk, fat content in%, the amount of fat in kg,% protein content and protein in kg). Age at first calving was bred heifers on pasture lower, because the naturally% higher pregnancy rate than that of insemination. The positive effect of grazing is observed only for insemination interval was shorter in the pasture bred heifers. However, the achieved value of service period was favorable for the stable breeding heifers bred. Milk production (kg) was found higher in cows bred the stable breeding. The same was true even in the amount of fat (kg) and protein (kg), as a result of higher milk production overall. The percentage of fat and protein in milk was found almost no difference. The results come from a small set of heifers and objective assessment would be appropriate to verify this in order to discuss the impact of grazing on production and reproductive performance.
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