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Importance of insect for the pollination of crops
RŮŽIČKA, Vít
The pollination is an essential service of the ecosystem, which involves besides natural influences also animals. Hymenopteran insects belong to the most significant pollinators. For humans, the most important pollinator is the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is bred for thousands of years, but its state is being declined in last decades. Reasons of the decline of bee colonies can be found in the intensification of agriculture (pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals) and spreading of diseases (American foulbrood and varroasis). Another important pollinator, which could possibly replace honey bees, are solitary wild bee species. But even those are also affected by intensive agriculture. In these species it is not affected only by the massive use of chemical agents, but also by the change in the structure of the landscape and the loss of natural location for nesting. An important step to protect bees (honey bees and wild bees) is the quantification of its value in the ecosystem service. On this basis, the governments compile new laws, but it is also important for protecting at the regional level.
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Produkce a kvalita medu a biomedu
KLEČKOVÁ, Romana
The aim of bachelor thesis was to compare production and quality of honey and organic honey from South Bohemia region. Sensory and chemical analysis of selected organic honeydew honey and conventional blossom honey was done. Chemical analysis assessed these traits water content, sucrose content, hydroxymethylfurfural content and electric conductivity. Obtained analyse's results were compared with legislative requirements for honey quality by Czech Ministry of Agriculture Notice no. 73/2003 Sb. and Czech beekeepers association's standard no. 1/1999 Czech honey. Only organic honey (sample no. 2) did not received Czech honey quality certificate. Measured water content was 19.5 %. Czech honey standard allows water content only up to 18 %. Higher water content was caused by beekeeper by premature honey removal. Honey was not properly matured. Other analysed traits met both quality standards. Lower honey production was found in case of organic beekeeping. Using blossom honey as a winter season reserve is a common practise in organic beekeeping, which reduces the total amount of produced (obtained) honey. Furthermore honey bee pasture and veterinary treatments are only naturally based. Organic honey production was at level of 10 to 11.5 kilogram (without 7 7.5 kg of honey due to food for overwintering) per hive whereas conventional honey production was at level of 23 to 26 kilogram per hive. Organic honey production is not based on quantity but the effort is put on bee contentment welfare.
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Diversity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in oilseed rape field
VYSKOČILOVÁ, Pavlína
Measuring the diversity of bees was provided in two rapeseed fields (Dešenice, Miletice) in western Bohemia, where various species of bees were caught at eight different locations during two periods (March - April, May June). The bees were collected by using Moerickeho cups (yellow traps) with a concentrated solution of water and detergent.
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Včelařství v ekologickém zemědělství
DVOŘÁK, Zdeněk
The bachelor´s thesis deals with beekeeping in the Czech Republic. It compares conventional and organic beekeeping. The aim is to inform about the demands and conditions, which are needed to run organic beekeeping according to the applicable legislation. The work deals with the knowledge of bees´ life, their origin, history and importance. Furthermore, it is dedicated to the structure of bee community, and describes the work of the beekeeper during the entire year. The text that follows up the bee diseases and pest is an important part of the work. There are also mentioned requirements for obtaining the certification for organic products, i.e. organic honey and wax from organic farm. Some specific examples are used to compare conditions and the results of two farms in organic and conventional mode for the period from 2010 to 2015. The average honey production in conventional beekeeping ranged from 20.86 kg to 26.21 kg of honey per hive, in organic beekeeping the average production was from 9.16 kg to 11.54 kg of organic honey. The cause of lower production of organic honey is the legislative measures, which require keeping of about 2/3 of honey as a resource for wintering the hives. The average price of organic honey was 250 CZK oppose to honey with an average exercise price of 150 CZK.
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The importance of production and quality of pollen in the summer and late summer for the bee colonies (case studies from around of the village Volary - CHKO Šumava)
PETROVÁ, Jana
Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee-colected pollens collected from beehive station Lískovec near the town Volary in the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava. Bee-collected pollens were collected once a week from one honey bee colony with using of a pollen trap. The time of collection was summer and late summer period from 22 June to 11 September 2010. Bee-collected pollens were dried, categorized by color, weighed and observed using the microscope. Pollen grains were determined by the number and type of apertures, shape, sculpture and size. Size of pollen grains was measured on at least 50 pollen grains of one type. In each microscopic slide were counted at least 500 pollen grains. The proportion of plant species in the sample was expressed as a percentage and the importace of plant species was evaluated in the diet of honey bees in the area of interest. Selected samples of bee-collected pollens from beehive station Lískovec and also from beehive station Dobčice were investigated for protein content and amino acid composition. Pollen belonging to Polemonium coeruleum, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens was evaluated as an important source of protein and amino acids for honey bees. The concentration of essential amino acids expressed as percentages of total amount of amino acids did not differ significantly between samples of bee-collected pollen. Another objective of the work was to compare the results from the area of interest with the results processed in the similar study from beehive station Dobčice in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les. The work also includes statistical evaluation of dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and variability between samples and species. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the spring and early summer in the area of the protected landscape Šumava
ŠEMRO, Martin
Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee pollens. Pollen analysis consisted in the distribution of samples to individual sub-samples . Samples were weighed and a part of them was dissolved in a solution of glycerin and water. Dissolved samples were viewed under a microscope. Pollen was removed by the beekeeper Mgr .Milan Trhlín with using a device called pollen catcher. The samples were collected in the year 2011 in the spring and early summer period from beehive location on the hill Lískovec, of the protected landscape Šumava 1,8 km west of city Volary, at a time of 25. march to 24. june. Another objective of the work was with using phytocenology study, in the distance 1,5 km from the beehive habitat, evaluate the structure of plant association from the point of nutrition honeybees. The work also includes evaluation preference bees for individual plant species. There were detected, that bees prefer the plants that provide the best digest pollen and the plants which grows up to 1,5 km from beehive habitat. There were distinguised 32 types of pollen grains.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the summer and late summer in the area of the protected landscape Šumava
PAŠKOVÁ, Dagmar
Objective of the work was to identify botanical origin of bee pollens collected from Protected Landscape area Šumava near the village of Volary and evaluate the importance of individual plant species in the diet of honey bees. The work also includes statistical analysis which examined how many subscriptions to a plant taxa occurred and what share has a certain plant taxon in the total pollen clutch. There were counted 18 different pollen taxa of bee pollens collected during summer and late summer of 2011. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.
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Important plants in terms of pollen for bee-keeping in the summer and late summer aspect in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les
PETROVÁ, Jana
Objective of the work was to identify botanical origin of bee pollens collected from the northern territory of Protected Landscape Area Blanský les by pollen analysis and assess the importance of individual plant species in the diet of honey bee in the range up to 2 km from the beehive. The work also includes statistical analysis, which examined how rich is the preference of bees in the collection of bee pollens, as well as the occuring of plant taxa in the proportion of samples and what is the similarity of sampling and individual plant taxa in terms of preference of bees. There were counted 23 766 different pollen types and plant taxa of bee pollens collected during summer and late summer between 2010 and 2011. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.
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Occurrence and prevalence of Nosema spp. in European honey bee (Apis mellifera)
ANDERLOVÁ, Jana
Nosemosis is a serious disease of bees caused by microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Both species are widely spread around the world and in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of Nosema spp., describe the species variability and assess the influence of the season. PCR method amplifying part of the gene encoding the small ribosomal subunit rRNA was used to identify the species of Nosema spp. A total 77 samples originated from 17 farmers were examined Out of them, 71% (55 samples) were positive for the presence of Nosema spp. Samples were collected in five seasons in 2011?2012. Both N. apis, and N. ceranae were detected in all breeds. In 2011, N. apis was detected as causative agent of nosemosis except one sample, where the mixed infection was detected. In 2012, N. ceranae was observed in mono- or mixed infections. Currently monoinfections of N. apis were not detected in 2012. Generally, the highest occurrence was detected in the autumn and winter months.
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Effect of \kur{Nosema apis} and \kur{Nosema ceranae} on colonyof bees
ANDERLOVÁ, Jana
The work is aimed at assessing the influence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae on the hive. The literature contains only a limited degree of information about Nosema disease, which caused by both protozoa, that?s why the main aim of this work is to gather all available technical information from various sources, to compare and evaluate them. The result of evaluating the information gathered then is how this disease affects bee behavior, which has implications for breeding bees. The content of this work is first the general characteristics of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, their distribution, reproduction and development. A description Nosema disease, such as preventive and disinfecting measures to prezent it and how you can treat already established disease. The findings described by ptrotozoa Nosema apis imply that this protozoa is explored in the vast majority. Nosema ceranae is a recently discovered species and its research is not yet complete. Finally, the thesis summarizes the most important effects of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae on the hive. These factors include, fluctuating number of individuals in a hive, honey yields lower, in some cases death of the colony and it also changed the behavior of honey bees.
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