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Energy Intensity Reduction of a Professional Laundry Care Process
Bobák, Petr ; Klemeš,, Jiří (referee) ; Noskievič, Pavel (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
Doctoral thesis deals with professional laundry care process and reduction of energy intensity and use of other operational commodities used in the process. Professional laundry care process is a specific energy intensive process; its purpose is to re-establish original properties of the now dirty laundry so that it may fulfil its functions again. This is basically a recycling and regeneration process comprising many sub-operations. Key operation is washing of the laundry in a washing bath, which removes impurities from the laundry. This thesis describes the most common technology of impurities removal, which is washing in a hot washing bath in cooperation with mechanical work and detergents. However, all of the described procedures may also be applied on alternative technologies, such as ozone washing, washing with low-temperature enzymes and ultrasound. Water is applied in all these technologies as a soaking agent. Water must have appropriate properties and must be removed from the laundry after the washing process in subsequent operations (drying, ironing, and pressing). Theoretical introduction of the thesis describes professional laundry care process in detail, and continues with mathematical modelling of the process and its main sub-operations (washing, drying) using mass and heat balance, and data acquisition and their application in research and development. Thesis further describes design of information system on the basis of relational database controlled by web application. This system enables to organize data and information from various sources – measured experimental data, data concerning measurement devices, operational records of machines, etc. Thesis further proposes how to evaluate and reduce energy intensity of a process. Descriptions are validated by examples and case studies. Key section of the thesis is a chapter describing experimental infrastructure. This infrastructure integrates several instalments of laundry equipment and is a fully functional operation of industrial laundry facility with 500kg/shift capacity, which serves as a model of energy intensive process. Sophisticated infrastructure and data acquisition system allows measuring wide spectrum of physical entities and examining factors influencing energy intensity of processes, and relationships between these factors as well as effectiveness of various savings measures in real life facilities.
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Influence of Aerodynamics on Vehicle Handling Performance
Hejtmánek, Petr ; Kaplan, Zdeněk (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
The main aim of this dissertation was to develop a computational tool capable of evaluating the influence of aerodynamics on the handling of a vehicle. The methodology it uses is based on the simulation of driving manoeuvres with a single-track model of a vehicle, which was composed with an emphasis on minimizing the amount of necessary input parameters. This simple model, which allows the assessment of the influence of aerodynamics on vehicle dynamic and static driveability, therefore doesn’t require large amount of input data, which makes the acquirement of relevant values easier. The computational model was validated by extensive measurements of two driving manoeuvres defined by ISO norms (step steer input and steady state cornering). As a consequence of unsatisfactory initial validation results, the differences between measurements and simulations were analysed, which led to gradual enhancements of the model with additional inputs to achieve better accuracy of simulations. The final part of the thesis deals with the comparison of influences of individual aerodynamic parameters on vehicle handling and the assessment of overall significance of aerodynamics compared to other factors which were taken into account (tires, mass properties, steering etc.). This thesis was realized in close cooperation with Škoda-Auto.
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Study of factors influencing weight of oral drops. 2.
Šímová, Sandra ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Řehula, Milan (referee)
Ten commercial packages of oral drops with seven different dropper tips have been tested in this thesis. The mass of a drop has been investigated in the dependence on density, surface tension, dynamic viscosity and dispensing angle. Physical and chemical properties of oral formulations influence significantly the dropping ability of dispensing systems as well as the mass of a drop. An explicit dropping condition has been deduced. It formulates relations among characteristic dimensions of the dispensing system, surface tension and density of the liquid. The validity of the dropping condition has been verified for all original commercial packages. A linear relationship between drop mass and viscosity has been determined experimentally; a weak decreasing dependence between necking diameter and viscosity has been found. A combined influence of density and surface tension on diameter of a drop has been explained. The mass of drop decreases significantly when the dispensing angle decreases from 90ř to 70ř. However, the variability of dose increases simultaneously due to wetting of dropper tip and possible formation of bigger drops. A patient should be informed about the necessity to drop the oral formulation upon strictly vertical position. This information has been missing at seven from ten original...
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Influence of broadcasting upon the older school-aged children.
TROUPOVÁ, Miriam
MEDIA INFLUENCE ON BEHAVIOUR OF OLDER SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN This bachelor work is concerning with the topic {\clqq}Media influence on behaviour of older school-aged children``. The topic of media influence is currently one of the very often discussed topics in public. People discuss this influence on children mainly in the negative association with agressivness, violence or negative sexual motivation. Rarely the positive influence as providing information, an opportunity for relaxing or providing amusement in the leisure time is mentioned. The aim of this work was to describe character of the leisure time of children at the age of 11 to 15 and the media influence that children perceive on themselves and on their school-mates and friends as well. There was also the contents analysis of the television broadcast completed that should validate the hypothesis saying that there are violent and sexual scenes shown on television in the time period 14.00 {--} 22.00. The first section describes the present situation of mass media and their ways of influencing their watchers. There are also specific features of childrens´ watching in comparison to the adults and the main positive and negative factors in television broadcast that could influence or threaten children and their psychical development. In the next three chapters the research including hypotheses, aims and the methodology of work is described. Results of the research among children and pedagogues are showed there in the graphical form and the review of the contents analysis of television broadcast can be also found there. In the last section there is the discussion, where methodology, results of the research among children and pedagogues, the contents analysis of television broadcast and literature are discussed and compared to each other.
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Breeding hens ? launching of fortified cages
HEINDL, Jakub
This bachelor thesis deals with problematic of launch of fortified cages. From 1.1. 2012 new regulation from European Union came into practise. This regulation is valid for all mass breeds within EU and deals with obligation of tranfer from unfortified cages to fortified cage systems. Specified requirements are solved in new regulations of the Council 1999/74/EC. New legislative regulations have many impacts, amoung egg producers and at the same time among final consumers . In theoretical part of the thesis problematic of this field is being examined with focus on explanation of basic terminology. Practical part follows the fulfillment of the target, in terms of impact analysis from the consumer´s and producer´s point of view. Furthermore the market analysis of the recent situation has been processed and moreover nowadays conditions of housing in cages according to the welfare were compared.
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The genetic background of obesity and its treatment with bariatric surgery
Lischková, Olga
Obesity is a frequent metabolic disease that causes many other health and socioeconomic complications. Obesity arises due to excessive energy intake and decrease in energy expenditure, which is a conseqence of contemporary lifestyle. Moreover, obesity has a strong genetic component. Common obesity is polygenic, multifactorial disease, in which individual genes interact with each other and with environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies, conducted between 2006-09, led to the discovery of dozens of gene loci that predispose individuals to obesity. The strongest signals were registered for polymorphisms in FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) and near a gene MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor). However, the contributions of these variations on the phenotype of obesity are very small, therefore, it is necessary to validate the results of such robust studies. It is very important to uncover the effects of genetic variants for understanding the molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism. The studies presented in this thesis refer about the impact of polymorphisms in selected genes on anthropometric and metabolic parameters of the patients of the Institute of Endocrinology and of healthy volunteers who underwent functional tests. Our cohort includes a representative sample of Czech children (COPAT...
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Preparedness of medical rescue service in South Bohemian coutry for solving emergency situacions
MAJSTR, Jiří
The frequency of emergency incidents and the expanding spectrum of all possible mass casualties require preventive and safety precautions and fast professional respond to their occurrence. Emergency prevailing medical complication requests from Medical Rescue Service providers a different attendance to intervention than is usually requested in their daily routine activities. Daily routines of Medical Rescue Service providers include medical treatments of one or two patients using urgent care medicine methods, which present a full medical treatment to a particular patient from the first contact to their handing over to other medical services providers. In emergencies with mass casualties? incidence, it is impossible to attend one particular patient at a time, but it is necessary to adjust priorities in medical attendance to patients in dispatch and as well to transfer all patients to other medical service provider facilities. Shall there be an emergency with mass casualties, there are few concomitant circumstances in their solving, and these are: lack of time for decision making and rescue works co-ordination, panic, delay in treatment and transport of patients to other medical facilities. Especially at the rescue work start of all integrated rescue system units, forces and equipments are insufficient, as for example lack of professional medical staff, rescuer and medical equipment including medicaments. The ration of rescue forces and medical equipment to a number of patients optimizes in following process, when a successful outcome is conditioned by the rescue work in the first thirty to sixty minutes. It is, thus, very important to paying attention to the organization and control of rescue works of all integrated rescue units right from the start. An intergrated rescue system is mentioned in theoretical part of the thesis. On the strenght of valid legislation, the provider of Medical Rescue Service is generally described, particularly focused on preparedness and solving of emergency incidents by the Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia. Furthermore, the organisation trauma plan,the START asset classification of casualties with the follow-up method using identification and sorting cards (medical classification) are described. The theoretical part of thesis is closed up by an outlined exterior emergency plan of the nuclear power plant Temelin with focus on its trauma plan related to the Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia activities solving emergency situation in the connection with an outflow of radioactive substance. The thesis was written on the ground of a qualitative research using the method of a semi-led interview of seven superintendant medical doctors of Medical Rescue Service from different areas in South Bohemia. The content of the research was an evaluation of possible development and potentional changes in preparing and also consequential activities of medical units at emergency situations with mass casulties. Research questionaire was focused on competence and funcion of medical dispatching centre, establishing work process of first paramedics attending at the place of an emergency situation, also co-operation of medical units with other units of an integrated rescue system and as well the tie-in system to other medical facilities. The aim of the research was establishing hypotheses in terms of Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia preparadness to solution of emergency situations. Created hypotheses attached to a chapter ¨Discussion¨ may be verified, in the future, by a quantitative research. Other thesis aims are included in attachment part. It represents an interpretation of tactical and testing practise of Medical Rescue Service of South Bohemia from 2006 to 2012 and topics focused on emergency incidents and mapping incidence and solution of emergency incidents with mass casualties in South Bohemia region from 2003 to 2012.
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Applicability of existing indexes of non-proportionality of damping in case of theoretical model of slender structure with installed TMD
Hračov, Stanislav ; Pospíšil, Stanislav ; Náprstek, Jiří
The paper analyzes an applicability of to date published indexes of non-proportionality in the case of a linear viscously damped numerical model of slender structure equipped with tuned mass damper (TMD). The installation of TMD into the structure not only reduces the level of undesired vibration, but it can also cause due to damping element of TMD a significant increase of damping nonproportionality. The paper recommends the most suitable indexes for such a type of structure and points out to impropriety of the others. The point of view of is also focus on the validity of the existing criterions for neglecting of non-diagonal terms of a modal damping matrix. Only indexes and criterions based on the properties of the modal damping matrix were taking into account.
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Impact of cryogenic grinding on iodine homogeneity in NIST SRM 1548a Typical Diet
Kameník, Jan ; Kučera, Jan
The reference material NIST SRM 1548a Typical Diet has a certified iodine mass fraction of 0.759±0.103 mg kg-1. The expanded uncertainty is rather large (relative value 13.6 %), thus the material does not provide strict requirements for quality control results. Milling of NIST SRM 1548a at the temperature of liquid nitrogen yielded free-flowing material. Iodine mass fraction in the original and cryo-ground materials was determined by epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA). The average and standard deviation from both methods was 0.73±0.03 mg kg-1 (20 values). The determined mass fraction was in a close agreement with the certified value of NIST SRM 1548a, thus iodine total content was not influenced by the milling procedure. In comparison to iodine mass fraction determined in the original NIST SRM 1548a 0.72±0.07 mg kg-1 (average ± standard deviation, 14 values), the standard deviation for cryo-ground material was considerably lower. The prepared quality control material sets up more stringent requirements on the validation and quality control procedures of the measurement of iodine mass fraction in such a composite food matrices. We believe that the iodine random inhomogeneity in the original NIST SRM 1548a is due to insufficient mixing of some iodine-rich component in the complex food matrices. Milling at the temperature of liquid nitrogen offers an effective option for production of future reference materials of this kind.
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