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Snižování rizik u transakcí na trhu s marihuanou v České republice a v USA - instituce přátelství
Běláčková, Vendula ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Zábranský, Tomáš (referee) ; Dušek, Libor (referee)
BACKGROUND: Economists depict illicit markets as violent, due to the lack of centralized property rights enforcement. At the same time, the importance of friendship networks and drug sharing is a recently documented feature of the marijuana market. Recent studies show an increased role of acquiring marijuana through friends, especially in settings where drug policy is rather punitive. This thesis extends this research into the norms that marijuana users attribute to their definition friendship. To do this, the thesis conceptualizes friendship as a type of institution that reduces the transaction costs on the market, and like that, it limits the decision making of marijuana market players. DATA: Marijuana market patterns in the Czech Republic and North-Central Florida were analyzed via both qualitative and quantitative research methods. For the purpose of the qualitative study, 44 (resp 66) study participants were marijuana users and retailers recruited at North-Central Florida (resp in the Czech Republic), with the use of respondent-driven sampling. Inclusion criteria into the study was the use of marijuana in the last 12 months. Semi-structured interviews, that took 80 minutes on average, followed an interview guide focused on marijuana use, sharing, purchases, sales and growing, with extensive probes on activities of respondents` "friends", as they defined them. As for the quantitative data, marijuana market modules from two representative general population surveys on substance use were used (CS 2008, NSDUH). METHODS: Qualitative data were analysed with the use of inductive analysis, and were framed into institutional economics theory. Quantitative data were analyzed with the use ordinary logit models. FINDINGS: The study has shown remarkable impact of drug policies on cannabis markets via comparison between the Czech Republic and the U. S. (North-Central Florida). The study findings suggest that users' definitions of friendship include expectations for behavior that sustain the distribution chain within the marijuana markets. Respondents provided definitions of friendship that contained norms on marijuana sharing and reciprocation, purchases for friends, and introduction to the dealer - for whom the term "friend" has been used as a synonym in most cases. In quantitative analysis, acquistion through a friend made significant reduction of price at last purchase in the U. S., approaving the hypothesis that friendship can be an effective institution to reduce transaction costs on the market. In the Czech Republic, such analysis was inconclusive. This demonstrates that the importance of friendship might be higher in countries where drug prohibition is more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Punitive drug policy provides incentives to shrinking the market into social networks, and like that, it imposes harms on users in terms of decreasing control over their substance use can criminal risks (larger amounts purchased, and the risk of detection to regular citizens, who serve as middlemen on the market without an intention to make profit). For more precise estimates, further surveys shall distinguish between different modalities of friendship, and between different product types.
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Icon therapy in treatment of drug addictions
MRÁZOVÁ, Anna
The work focuses on the description of icon therapy, the therapeutic method used in the treatment of drug addictions to increase the client's motivation to heal. The first chapter summarizes the current approach to drug addiction in the Czech Republic, the services provided to drug users and the direction of development drug policy. Thinks about human spirituality and approaches which take it into account in the treatment of drug addicton. In the next section is icon therapy set in theological context, as based on Eastern Christian spirituality. The chapter contains the introduction to some concepts of Orthodox theology. Theres is explored a concept icon from different perspectives and finally described how icon therapy works in practice. In the final part are compared some aspects of icon therapy, music therapy and art therapy.
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Secondary prevention of drug addiction
VODOVÁ, Michaela
The main aim of this graduation thesis is to define the term of secondary prevention of drug addiction, which is sometime apprehended in different ways in The Czech Republic. I try to include this new definition to our drug policy and classify target groups and bring new methods to the secondary prevention of drug addiction. The thesis is focused on the terms drug, dependence syndrome and prevention and I use various definitions and opinions. I describe and briefly evaluate the system of drug policy and the place of secondary prevention. The occasional users and their families and friends are defined as a target group. The motivational interviewing is the main method in the secondary prevention. The thesis is structured into six parts and in the last part there are some practical examples from two low-thershold facilities for children and youth.
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Comparison of Czech and French Drug Policies
Jelínková, Věra ; Maaytová, Alena (advisor) ; Blažek, Petr (referee)
The main aim of the thesis is to compare the drug policies of the Czech Republic and France from the point of achieving their partial objectives. The first chapter characterizes the Czech drug policy, the second concentrates on the French drug policy. The third chapter compares both systems on the basis of health statistics, then according to the public expenditure on drugs and it particularly compares the measures of the drug policies which are used to reach their specific objectives. At the end there is a selection of some of the French measures which could be implemented in the Czech drug policy.
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Regulatory options for the market of designer drugs
Turek, Tomáš ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Chytilová, Helena (referee)
This paper describes an analyses the market of "legal" drugs, so called designer drugs, which emerged in Czech republic by the end of 2010, in other European countries about a year earlier. It applies known theoretical arguments concerning state regulation of drug markets to the market of new drugs and uses them to compare different possible policies. Theoretical findings and microeconomic concepts are then confronted with the reality of the market of new drugs, including valuable data collected in own street survey and by monitoring now defunct internet phora of drug users. It is concluded that repressive attitude towards regulation of new drugs is sustainable only for the price of high societal cost and significant restriction of civil rights. Reducing the demand for drugs seems to be the only viable means of reducing their consumption in an open market economy with liberal democratic system.
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Health and social situation of illegal drug users and help them provided by relevant social and health centres in the Czech Republic
HORÁK, Petr
Health and social situation of illicit drug users and the aid they receive from the respective social and healthcare institutions in the Czech Republic This thesis is composed of two main parts: theoretical and practical. Theoretical part contains chiefly categorization of illicit drugs, where we learn how they are divided according to their origin, effects, and their chemical composition, as well as their seriousness for the society. The thesis also maps the development of the illicit drug scene before and after 1989 and also discusses the importance of the year 1994{---}considered a breakthrough{---}since even before the convertibility of the Czech currency, it witnesses a massive invasion of high-quality and cheap heroine import. Furthermore, the harmful effects of drug abuse and their categorization is presented. Health hazards are correlated with data covering the HIV and viral hepatitis diffusion in the Czech Republic. This part also contains a list and description of institutions dealing with illicit drug abuse and issues connected with it. An analysis of social, health, and economic situation of illicit drug users, those filed in a L/K center. In conclusion, the thesis deals with the illicit drug use policy in the Czech Republic, where prevention, repression, prohibition and regulations are discussed, within the framework of sample of other national drug policies. The reader will find here the description of individual illicit drugs as well. The thesis aims to map the activities of K-centers, and the way their work{---}in its result, the aid to illicit drug users{---}is being made harder by the low-threshold institutions. Low-threshold institutions were chosen to represent the group of relevant institutions since they are attended by the illicit drug users most often, as well as being the first institution of this kind the users come to. The author also explored what suggestions of improvement the centers present. Three hypotheses were set: 1. The offer of services is broad in K-centers 2. Low-threshold institutions lack resources 3. Low-threshold institution representatives hold serious reservations to the illicit drug use policy in the Czech Republic The data were collected in questionnaires and secondary analysis of data from annual reports of K-centers. The questionnaires were filled in by low-threshold centers representatives. The data confirmed the set hypotheses. In the discussion, the author debates the results of his research and discusses expert literature, while explaining difficulties that he encountered composing this thesis. The conclusion deals with the suggestions for improvement, particularly of the illicit drug use policy and sums up the thesis.
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The market for narcotics: Policy and Theory
Strnadová, Iveta ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Janíčko, Martin (referee)
The content of this work is analysis of black market with drugs to determine how and to what extent the market can be eradicated. In the first part of my work I define the black market, analyze the basic causes of origin and its consequences for society. In the following section I examine what measures the governments do in this area. Furthermore, I focus on the views and recommendations of economists, and finally make a comparison of their recommendations with the implementation of policies in this area.
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Drug policy in Czech Republic
Vasiliaková, Beáta ; Maaytová, Alena (advisor) ; Vítek, Leoš (referee)
Thesis is focused on drug system development in Czech Republic during years 2000 to 2008, on study of present circumstances and on key features comparison with its development in selected European countries. Author has described drug system functioning, its participants and relations among them set to Czech Republic. Attention is paid especially to sources of rise in prices of drugs and to growth in consumption, then to safety and awareness of current medication. Factors effecting total expenses on drugs are investigated and participation of total expenses on drugs on total health expenses is analyzed. Due to the international comparison there is pronounced conviction that the increase in drug expenses has become a global phenomenon of todays which is to be solved. Great emphasis is placed on questionable segments of drug policy in Czech Republic and on potentials of its improvements in this performance, too.
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DRUG POLICY YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW -- THE ANALYSIS OF FUTURE IMPACT OF NEW CZECH PENAL CODE
Svobodová, Lenka ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
This thesis refers to the drugs policy applied in the past as well as at the present time in the world, especially in the Western countries, and with emphasis on the Czech Republic. Its aim is to prognose future development of this policy. The theoretical part of the thesis attends to the relation between economics and law, or more precisely economics and crime, and it it describes the contemporary Czech drugs legislation, and outlines its former development. The objective task of the other part of the thesis is to analyse prospective consequences of the new Czech Penal Code. This thesis is inspired, in particular, by the Impact Analysis Project of New Drugs Legislation.
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Regulation of Advertising of Drugs - Education of Consumer
Rojko, Ivan ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Minárik, Pavol (referee)
The main objective of my diploma thesis was to explain the principles and basic terms of drug policy in the Czech Republic, and to illustrate all the issues of government regulations in this area. This paper is trying to confront two different kinds of health services. The first one based on liberal principles, without any government intervention (system in USA), and the second one demarcating with regulations and restrictions, devoid of any free market fundamentals (system in EU). It describes the relationship between patient and doctor, and points out the different number of information, they dispose of. This paper is trying to explain the problem of skewed distribution of information in society. It presents how the government regulations in the free market area destroy the source allocation efficiency and goes against the satisfaction of customers' needs.
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