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Phenomenon of Netholism in Pupils of the Second Stage of Primary Schools in Příbram Area
JEČMENOVÁ, Michaela
My thesis deals with netholism, i.e. the Internet addiction. In my opinion, this is an up-to-date issue, often underestimated by children´s parents. The results of my research may serve as an information material to all professions working in contact with children. Important symptoms present in the Internet addicts, as well as the principles of the Internet safety and the parents´ supervision over children's activities on the Internet are mentioned. There is also the existence of considerable health risks related to computers. A large chapter is related to communication on the Internet. I have stated two main objectives of my diploma thesis. Objective 1: To survey activities of children on the Internet sites in dependence on their age. Objective 2: To determine the awareness of children about the risks arising from an excessive Internet use. (The excessive use of the Internet means a period longer than 3 hours a day.) To achieve the intended objectives and the hypotheses testing, an anonymous questionnaire, the method of quantitative research was used. The subject of the investigation was the issue of the use of the Internet by children attending the second stage of primary schools. There was diversity in the concept of questions. I believe I have managed to meet the both chosen objectives of my diploma thesis. The stated hypotheses have been disproved by the questionnaire survey. Hypothesis H1: Children attending the second stage of primary school spend more than half of their time communicating via social networking sites on the Internet, this has not been not confirmed. The survey has shown that almost always only 23% of the total 175 respondents communicate with friends or unknown persons via social networking sites. Hypothesis H2: Children attending the second stage of primary school are not sufficiently informed about the risks arising from the use of the Internet, this has not been confirmed. Only 12% of children think there are no risks arising from the use of the Internet. As a contribution of my diploma thesis in the health and social field may be regarded the recognition of "netholism" as another form of addiction.
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Injury to women in childbirth
VODIČKOVÁ, Jana
My bachelor thesis is focused on various kinds of wounds, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of birth wounds. The theoretical part addresses in particular episiotomy since it is the most frequent wound that has been currently discussed by general public. I describe kinds, indication, treatment, nursing care and prevention of episiotomy. In the practical part I selected a quantitative research. The data were collected by means of an anonymous questionnaire designed for women after spontaneous delivery in puerperal wards in selected hospitals. I set three objectives in my thesis. The first objective was to ascertain the episiotomy rate. The second objective was to ascertain episiotomy healing and the last objective was to reveal awareness of women in respect of episiotomy care. The objectives of the thesis have been fulfilled. The first hypothesis presumed episiotomy in more than a half of the informants. This hypothesis has been confirmed. The second hypothesis presumed episiotomy healing without complications. This hypothesis was also confirmed, showing evidence of a high standard of healthcare. The last hypothesis presumed that the informants had insufficient information about episiotomy care. As the result of a positive response provided by mothers themselves, most of whom stated to be sufficiently informed about episiotomy care, this hypothesis was disproved. My thesis could serve as a suitable study material for students of midwifery. My thesis could also be beneficial for midwives working in puerperal wards and delivery rooms.
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Exercise for Women after Giving Birth.
ŠVECOVÁ, Lucie
ABSTRAKT The topic of my thesis is women?s physical exercise after childbirth. Physical exercising is a close topic to me, which is the reason I have chosen it as the content of my thesis. Physical exercises dutiny confinement play an important role. The body recovers faster and it prevents after-birth difficulties, such as backache, incontinention disorders, descensus uteri, pelvic floor muscles release or abdominal muscles diastasis. The aim of these exersices is to remove the changes that occured in the woman?s body during pregnancy, at childbirth or in the period of confinement. Exercises can be started as early as 12-14 hours after the childbirth. In the thesis I have set two goals and two related hypothese. The first one was to determine the women?s knowledge concerning exercises after childbirth. The other one was to find out what are the sources women get the information concerning exercises after childbirth from. Hypothesis nr. 1: Women have information about exercises after childbirth. Hypothesi nr. 2: Women obtain information concerning exercise after childbirt from midwives at the confinement ward. The research file was made up by women both after a spontaneous childbirth and after caesarotomy, from the period of beány released home from hospital until half a year after childbirth. Quantitative research was performed randomly and furhter in the paediatrician?s surgery of MUDr. Rudolf Láznička in the municipality of Olešník, whit help of anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaire contained 33 questions. In total, 100 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 80 returned. The research part showed that nr.1 hypothesis was confirmed and nr.2 hypothesis was disproven. The thesis could be used as educational material concerning exercise after childbirth for women, midwives and students of the midwife specialization.
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Social problems of the citizens of "Holýšovsko" and their consideration according the Act on Assistance in Material Need
ŽÁKOVÁ, Jana
The subject matter of bachelor thesis is focused on social problems of the Holštýnsko region citizens and assessment of those problems according to the law on aid in material distress. In the theoretical part the basic aspects of social policy, poverty, poverty management and legal regulations of the issue are outlined. The objective of the thesis was to give an overview of the structure of aid in material distress recipients in the region and to identify the effectiveness as well as the use of activation measures of the Act No. 111/2006 Coll. towards applicants for aid in material distress. Both quantitative and qualitative research was used to achieve the stated objectives of this thesis. For data collection in the quantitative research the chosen method was questioning, the technique of guided interview with 51 recipients of aid in material distress. The responses were analyzed and presented in the thesis by using graphs and tables. Within the secondary data analysis I focused on the social status of respondents, their age, unemployment duration, the living allowance period and education of respondents. On the basis of the stated objectives 2 hypotheses were set up. Hypothesis 1 assumed that most recipients of aid in material distress have only primary education. This hypothesis was not confirmed. In the Holýšov region most people affected by material distress are people with secondary vocational education holding a vocational certificate. Hypothesis 2 assumed that the concept of public service has not brought the effects expected. This hypothesis was confirmed both by the result of interviewing the recipients of aid in material distress, and by the results obtained from interviews with representatives of local authorities. In the qualitative research the method of questioning was used, the half standardized interview with nine representatives of local authorities. Due to the research used the hypothesis was set up at the end of the research. Hypothesis 3: The rise of unemployment will make local representatives establish a public service institute. The results of the thesis can be used to increase the awareness of the public as well as of local representatives on activation instruments according to the law on aid in material distress and on possibilities for citizens to obtain aid in the case of insufficient incomes. They may also serve as a source of information about the problem of providing aid in material distress for the Municipal Authority Holýšov and the Regional Authority of the Plzeň Region.
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Smoking at children and young people - analysis in 8 years age spread
SUCHÁ, Kateřina
Abstract The topic of my bachelor work is Smoking of children and youth {--} analysis in an eight-year age range. Smoking of children and youth is a highly discussed problem at present; therefore I have chosen that phenomenon for my bachelor work. The first part describes the present general status of the topic of smoking. I used literary sources stated in references for that topic. I focus on the history of smoking, on the composition of tobacco smoke; I describe individual types of tobacco products, the manifestations of tobacco intoxication, the essence of dependence, types of tobacco dependence and the withdrawal symptoms. I deal with the topic of passive smoking, diseases related with smoking and smoking during pregnancy. I also focus on risk and protective factors of children and youth in relation to habit-forming substances. Another circuit of the current status is treatment of tobacco dependence and its types. In conclusion I described the topic of tobacco product advertising. The research performed used quantitative method from sociological point of view. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. One questionnaire was used to collect data at the elementary school of Mirotice and it was intended for pupils of third through sixth classes (see Annex No. 1). The second questionnaire was intended to students of the 1st through 4th classes of the Secondary agricultural school of Písek (see Annex No. 2). The first aim was to ascertain whether more girls or boys smoke at present. After evaluating the results, I came to the conclusion that more girls than boys smoke. The second aim was to compare the frequency of smoking in 8-9-year old children with 16-17-year old young persons. I could not compare that aim. No 8-9-year old child stated to smoke. I have stated two hypotheses: 1. Children and young people are not informed about the health risks originating at smoking. That hypothesis was not confirmed. According to the answers, children are sufficiently informed about the health risks of smoking. 2. Children and young people are the most strongly motivated to smoke by friends and the media. The research showed that children and youth are the most frequently motivated by friends; negative influence of media was not confirmed. From the total number of 139 respondents, only 40 smoke, which is not so highly alarming situation. One of the means to eliminate even more the status of smoking of children and youth could be particularly an increase of preventive programs at schools, because almost a half of the respondents answered that no such program was running at their school.
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Statistical Evaluation of Atmospheric Mercury Measurements Conducted in Parallel with Two Identical Instruments
Veselík, P. ; Dvorská, Alice ; Michálek, J.
At the Atmospheric Station Křešín u Pacova, central Czech Republic, total gaseous mercury was measured in background ambient air with two automatic mercury TEKRAN 2537B analyzers positioned right next to each other in one container. The measurements were conducted with a 10 min time step, between December 2012 and August 2013. The aim of the study was to confirm or exclude the hypothesis of same measurement results provided by the instruments. Measured data were aggregated into 1 week subsets and statistically analysed. The data was graphically visualised and evaluated by using exploratory data analysis. For comparing the performance of both instruments nonparametric statistical analysis (Wilcoxon matched pairs test) was used. The performed analysis shows statistically significant differences between measurements from the two instruments.
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Nurses knowledge of The quality evaluation of provided nursing care
KLIMEŠOVÁ, Jana
The name and the topic of my thesis is evaluation of the quality of given nursing care. The quality of nursing care as integral part of quality of medical care is gaining ground not only in medics but also in public. Words like quality, standard, audit are commonly used by every nurse but do they know meaning of separate words? Do they know how to ensure high-quality care and how to evaluate it? These and other questions must be answered in order to retrieve possible insufficiencies and thus, to ensure high-quality nursing care. That´s why I chose this topic for my thesis. Theoretical part first characterizes nursing, its aims and organization of nursing care. Extensive part is devoted to quality of nursing care, systems and models to ensure and evaluate the quality. Practical part is focused on research and its interpretation. There were two research units and were created by nurses from surgical wards of Hospital in České Budějovice and Hospital in Jihlava. In order to collect needed data I chose quantitative method, when the way of data collecting was questionnaire. The aim of the thesis was to chart nurses´ knowledge on evaluation of quality of given nursing care through two hypotheses. The hypothesis supposing that nurses working in Hospital České Budějovice know more about evaluation of quality of given nursing care than nurses working in Hospital Jihlava was confirmed. But it is evident from the results that both investigated units have certain reserves. The other hypothesis supposing that more than 80% nurses consider the audits helpful for improving the quality of nursing care was not confirmed. According to the results, for more than half of addressed nurses audit is only stressing matter when hospital management looks for faults in their work. I mean, this opinion results from insufficient knowledge or incorrect understanding of the audit sense. I would like to use the thesis and its results as a base for creating scientific lectures and subsequent presentation. The head nurse asked me to present my thesis and the results at the meeting of head nurses in autumn 2008. I was asked for the results by Jihlava Hospital management as well.
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Ethical aspects of Nursing care in mechanical ventilated Patients
KŘIVKOVÁ, Jana
The diploma is focused on Ethical aspects of nursing care from the perspective of staff providing nursing care in the intensive care units and long-term intensive care units. We were also interested in respondent?s knowledge in the field of ethical principles in biomedicine and their legislation. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part describes nursing care of the mechanically ventilated patients, short history of medical ethics and current status of the ethics in biomedicine. The investigative part was implemented by combination of a quantitative and a qualitative research. For the quantitative part of the investigation we used the method of questioning by a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, 10 closed questions, 8 half-opened questions and 2 open questions which offered to show a personal opinion. Questionnaires were anonymous. Respondents that were asked were workers providing nursing care in the intensive care units and long-term intensive care units. The first goal of the diploma was to find out respondents point of view on nursing care in patients on long term mechanical ventilation. The second goal was to find out the most important ethical problems in providing nursing care in this category of patients. The last goal of the diploma was to find out respondents knowledge of codes of ethics and legislation. For the quantitative research we had two hypotheses: 1. There are ethical problems related to providing nursing care in patients on long term mechanical ventilation. This hypothesis was verified, because statistically significant majority of respondents said, that there are ethical problems related to providing nursing care in this category of patients. 2. The nurses´ approach to patients on long term mechanical ventilation is different in the intensive care units and long term intensive care units. This hypothesis was verified, because there were statistically significant differences between answers of respondents providing nursing care in intensive care units and long term intensive care units. For the qualitative research we used the technique of half-structured interview offering open questions. Into the research file was involved 10 nurses, 5 from intensive care units and 5 from long term intensive care units. There were set three investigatory questions. 1. What opinion has respondents about nursing care in patients on long term mechanical ventilation? The investigation showed that nurses have the same attitude to long term ventilated paitents as in the case of patients on acute short term mechanical ventilation. 2. What are the most serious ethical problems related to nursing long term mechanical ventilated patients? The research found out the most serious ethical problems related to long term mechanical ventilation from the point view of a nursing staff. These are preservation of human dignity and prolonging medically futile treatment. 3. What awareness of basic ethical principles and their legislation the respondents have? The investigation showed that nurses have poor knowledge of the issue. The results confirm the current situation of this issue. Based on the results of our research, we prepared educational brochure draft, which could help to facilitate orientation in this field.
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Education of patients with colostomy
MACHÁLKOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts and deals with the issues of education of patients with colostomy. The theoretical part describes the issues of colostomy and its history, colon anatomy and the most frequent diseases leading to colostomy application. The nursing care of colostomy patients and education process for these patients is also worked out there. We tried to provide complex information on nursing care of patients with colostomy in the theoretical part. The practical part brings result from qualitative approach to research. Three goals were set for the research. The first goal focused on revealing phenomena related to educational competences of stoma nurses. The next goal was to find out the level of educational competences of stoma nurses. The last goal of the thesis was to find out whether stoma nurses educate patients with colostomy effectively. Four research questions were based on the goals. The research method of semi-structured interview, which was the most practical for the qualitative approach, was used for achieving the goals. Another proposed partial method ? disinterested observation ? was rejected by some subject of the research sample. The research sample consisted of two groups of respondents. The first group consisted of three registered stoma nurses from the South Bohemian region and the second of six patients with colostomy. The semi-structured interview conducted with the nurses was aimed at educational competences and strategies used by stoma nurses for education of patients with colostomy. The same method was used for the patients with colostomy, where we tried to find out whether the strategies were effective, but particularly how patients themselves assessed the work of stoma nurses. Written record was chosen for fixation of the qualitative results and the results were subject to thorough analysis. The coding method was applied and the results were arranged into tables for higher trasparency. The results of the research have revealed that the stoma nurses did not define all their educational competences. They particularly focused on preoperative preparation, postoperative care and in two cases on outpatient care. This is in our opinion caused by absence of pedagogical education, which none of the registered stoma nurses from the research sample had. Independent findings have shown that the strategies used by the stoma nurses for education of patients with colostomy are identical. The stoma nurses defined the education goal as follows: patient self-sufficiency in colostomy treatment. Definitions of the time necessary for education, educational environment and educational aids were in conformity as well. The interviews conducted with the patients showed that the strategies used by the nurses were effective. Interesting results followed from the assessment of stoma nurses. The assessment of the stoma nurses was excellent, but the same cannot be told about the other healthcare staff. The following hypotheses can be suggested upon the research questions: Hypothesis one: The defined educational competences of stoma nurses within the care of patients with colostomy are at high level. Hypothesis two: Stoma nurses use a strategy of suitably chosen educational goal in education of patients with colostomy; they provide enough time for questions and use suitable educational aids. Hypothesis three: The applied strategies are effective. Hypothesis four: Patients assess the work of stoma nurses highly positively. The results of the thesis may lead to recommendations for education of nurses in education of patients with colostomy.
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Nurse task when using invasive methods by chronic pain treatmet
VOJTOVÁ, Marie
The thesis is focused on a research and the evaluation of the nurse role during the invasive methods in chronic pain treatment and on a research the patient satisfaction and expectation with the nurses approach during the invasive methods in chronic pain treatment. The basis for the thesis processing is qualitative ? quantitative research carried out in the departments of pain treatment in four hospitals, in University Hospital Motol, University Hospital Brno, Hospital České Budějovice a.s., University Hospital PlzeňAlejSvobody. Qualitative research focuses on nurses working in the department of pain treatment using a method of questioning with the technique of non-standardized interview. Within qualitative research, we was looking for the answer to the research question: What is the nurse role during the invasive technique in chronic pain treatment? It was found, from the results of the interviews and their analysis, that nurses have within the invasive performance wide field of action and their role is changing in various stages of the entire performance. In all phases of the invasive performance, it´s essential the communication between the nurse and the patient. In the phase before the invasive performance and afterwards is the most dominated the educational role, except for the nursing role. Quantitative research using the questionnaire was intended for patients in the departments of pain treatment. The following predetermined hypothesis were verified using quantitative research: H1: Patients are satisfied with the nurses approach during the invasive techniques in pain treatment. H2: Patients with chronic pain during the invasive methods are expecting especially the empathetic approach from nurses. Evaluation of the questionnaires, which were voluntarily completed by patients, can be ended that both given hypothesis H1 and H2 have been confirmed and that the targets of qualitative researches have been met. The space for improvement can be found in the patient education before the invasive performance. Therefore We created educational material for patients. This educational material is not intended to replace the education conducted by nurses, it rather serves as a basis for the questions preparation that the patient will want to clarify before the invasive performance.
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