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Možnosti revitalizace a rekultivace vybraných venkovských sídel na Moravskokrumlovsku
Zimmermannová, Martina
This bachelor thesis is about possibilites of revitalisation and recultivation for urban spaces of country seats with local orientation on Moravskokrumovsko region. It is segmented into two parts: theoretic part is generally devoted to historic development of urban structure of country seats, it is specialized in history of settlement of this region, its contemporary situation too, its problems and possible solutions. In practical part are -- based on objective criterions of chosen metodology -- researched four chosen concrete seats (villages Bohutice, Rakšice, Rokytná, Vedrovice) and for chosen locality within one of them was created project for soulution.
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The importance of probiotics and prebiotics in diseases of childhood
JERKOVIČOVÁ, Diana
The major goal of this thesis was to explore and summarize the issue of the importance of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of disease in childhood in the form of theoretical work using a variety of literary sources, both Czech and foreign. The most important prerequisite for proper physical growth, health and psychosocial development of the child is good nutrition. The simplest and most natural way of feeding babies is breast-feeding. Breast milk is absolutely perfect composition, optimum temperature and protects infants against various infections and allergies. The colonization of the intestinal microflora, which affects among other things, our immune and digestive system, begins to occur during childbirth (vaginal and fecal microflora from its mother), and from breast milk or the environment. The settlement is delayed if the child was born by Caesarean section. If infants are only breastfed their intestinal microflora is composed of 90% of healthy bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Probiotics are referred as living organisms (bacteria and yeasts) which have shown positive influence on the health of the host when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics in pediatric practice has tripled over the last ten years. The most used are bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and / or activity of certain strains of intestinal microflora. The first area of concern of the effect of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in children were atopic disease whose prevalence in recent decades, greatly affects the whole society. In case of atopic dermatitis and food allergies there are number of optimistic studies that demonstrate the positive effect of combination of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics), on the other hand, there are studies on this issue which are rather skeptical and do not confirm this positive effect. Convincing results come from the area of diarrhoea. Regarding acute diarrhoea that are in children caused mainly by rotavirus, was observed clearly positive effects of probiotics, which occur to shorten the duration of rotavirus diarrhea to about 40 hours, or to reduce the number of stools and the duration of diarrhea by approximately one day, and especially where there has been the early administration. Similarly, in a majority of cases the positive impact of the use of probiotics for diarrhoea associated with antibiotic treatment, especially during simultaneous use. Regarding inflammatory bowel diseases, favorable results are achieved in particular in the case of ulcerative colitis, which is the use of a positive effect of probiotics in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate inflammatory activity comparable to drug treatment, but in Crohn's disease, a positive influence is entirely clear. Positive results also come in necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. However, these results are difficult to interpret because studies. Very similar results in the effects of probiotics and prebiotics are in the prevention of nosocomial sepsis in preterm infants. Although showing some positive effects, particularly in infants with very low birth weight, there was a positive effect of probiotics or prebiotics in different studies fully demonstrated and it would be desirable to assess the safety and effectiveness of future research. It would be necessary to examine which specific types of probiotics should be used and in what dosage. In general, therefore, could be said that despite all the optimistic results of a positive effect of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, there is the need for further research, that this positive effect is confirmed or refuted.
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Physiotherapy for people with cerebral palsy from 15 to 30 years old
ŠKOPKOVÁ, Eva
For my bachelor thesis I chose topic Physiotherapy of Persons between fifteen and thirty Years of Age Suffering Cerebral Palsy. Number of patients with this disorder is still increasing, but since 50s of the 20th century neonatal care began to become better. Thanks to this improvement in medical care number of saved newborns, who would have earlier died because of the consequences of prematureness or diseases, is now higher. These children are often disabled by cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is an untreatable disease, whose displays can be influenced only by a well chosen therapy. Bachelor thesis has two basic parts. The first one is theoretical, which is divided into a general and special part. In the general part, I focused on the sum of theoretical knowledge about cerebral palsy, I paid attention to the characteristics of the disease, incidence, etiology, pathological anatomy and to the classification of cerebral palsy. Then I focused on the diseases associated with cerebral palsy. I describe physiotherapy of cerebral palsy patients with focus on reflexive locomotion in the special part of my bachelor thesis. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to summarize knowledge about cerebral palsy. Considering that one of the basic features of the treatment is physiotherapy, I devoted my attention to the most usually used methods in the treatment of cerebral palsy. The theoretical part is concerned with methods of reflex-locomotion (Vojtova metoda), of Redcord ? therapy and by the concept of Mr. and Mrs.Bobaths. In the practical part of my thesis I made a quality research, where I specified goals of my work, offered description of methodology, characteristics of a file, and I made three casuistries. A part of the casuistries were anamneistic data and making of preliminary and output exploration. These explorations included objective general assessment, establishing locomotive state according to professor Vojta, exploration of locomotive abilities and goniometric explorations too. All persons went through classification of spasticity according to Ashworth´s measures and exploration of shorten muscles was also done. Research was made in the ARPIDA centre in České Budějovice, it took three months (March, April and June/2013) ? investigation of one patient of all three took circa one month, in which 9 therapies were done. The aim of practical part is to bring physiotherapical plan for observed patients with cerebral palsy. Results show that short-termed treatment had positive effect on health state of all three observed patients. The most affected areas were stability, correction of axial organ, but hypertonus of muscles and empowerment of weakened muscles also became better. The bachelor thesis can be used as a source of information for orientation in the topic of cerebral palsy by students of physiotherapy, but can also serve as an educative material for patients between fifteen and thirty years of their age and by their parents. Thesis could also be an inspiration for physiotherapists, who could think about their own treatment therapies for patients with cerebral palsy with the usage of not so known method Redcord?.
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Monitoring of the status of the fetus during delivery by midwife
SVOBODOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with the fetal health monitoring performed by a midwife during childbirth. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical application. In the theoretical part I study the history of the fetal monitoring, compare the methods of the monitoring that were used in the past and I also present the development of the methods that are applied these days. The next chapter is focused on the auscultation of the heart sound, using stethoscope. Despite its limitations, this method is still widely utilized to specify the approximate health condition of the fetus. In the following chapter, I thoroughly deal with the technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat called the cardiotocography (CTG). In this chapter I also describe the principle of this method, particular heart-beat phenomena that can occur and the overall assessment of the cardiotocograph. The next chapter is aimed to study the selective methods that are always connected with the cardiotocography. First, I cover the intrapartum fetal pulse oximetry (IFPO), its principles and the values of the oxygen saturation (SpO2) during childbirth. Next, I present the ST waveform analysis of fetal electrocardiogram (STAN). Even in this chapter I first describe the principle of the method, then its application and finally, the conditions that have to be met for its usage. In the penultimate chapter, I deal with the nursing care. This chapter is focused on the nursing care at the fetal monitoring during the I. and II. stages of labour, during the intermittent and continuous monitoring and it is needless to say that the midwife´s reactions during the monitoring are also added. Finally, I deal with the fact of how the fetal monitoring during childbirth is viewed by lay people. The practical application part of the thesis is aimed at the fact of how women perceive the monitoring of their child during childbirth. One objective was set for this research. The goal was to find out how women perceive the fetal monitoring. Based on the goal of the thesis, three research questions arose. The first one was: What are the women´s feelings during the monitoring? The second research question dealt with the fact whether the women trusted the midwife in the process of monitoring. The last research question was supposed to address the issue of whether the women viewed the monitoring as restrictive. To gather the needed data, a qualitative research was applied, using semi-structured interviews. The research was carried out in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s., in the puerperium department, interviewing the women one day after either a vaginal birth or an unplanned operative birth in the month of April in 2013. I based my research on a random sample of nine women. From the data collected, all three research questions were answered. The research shows that the most common feelings of the women during the fetal monitoring were calmness and the certainty that their child was all right. By contrast, the prevailing negative feelings were uneasiness, uncertainty and even fear. Next, all the female respondents said that they had trusted the midwife and mainly because of their professional and individual approach that the midwives had applied towards them. Moreover, I discovered that the women whose fetus was being monitored intermittently didn?t perceive any restrictions. One of the women whose fetus was being monitored continuously said that she had felt restricted to a certain extent and mainly in the freedom of movement. The results show that women view the monitoring in a positive way, mainly as a valuable source of information about their children and their current health.
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Adaptation of algae to extreme environments
KVÍDEROVÁ, Jana
The acidophilic red alga Cyanidium sp. is one of the dominant mat-forming species in the highly acidic waters of Río Tinto, Spain. The culture of Cyanidium sp., isolated from a microbial mat sample collected at Río Tinto, was exposed to 9 different pH conditions in a gradient from 0.5 to 5 for 24 h and its physiological status evaluated by variable chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics measurements. The optimum pH ranged from 1.5 to 2.5. A steep decrease of the photochemical activity was observed at pH below 1 even after 30 min of exposure. At pH above 2.5, the decline was more moderate and its negative effect on photochemistry was less severe. The red alga Cyanidium sp. is well-adapted to prevailing pH at its original locality at Río Tinto, i.e. pH of 1 to 3. The short-term survival in pH<1.5 may be adaptation to rare exposures to such low pH in the field. The tolerance of pH above 3 could be caused by adaptation to the microenvironment of the inner parts of microbial mats in which Cyanidium sp. usually dominates and where higher pH could occur due to photosynthetic oxygen production.
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Comparison of oral health of 12-15 years old adolescents in the district of Jihlava and the district of Havlíčkův Brod
VAŇKÁTOVÁ, Denisa
"Oral health is important for general state of health and also for quality of life". This is how treatise on problems of oral health WHO starts. This sentence was an inspiration for this dissertation called "Comparison of oral health of 12-15 year old adolescents in the region of Jihlava and Havlíčkův Brod". All over the world 60-90 % of school age children have a dental caries. It is a localised patological process of microbiological origin which affects hard tooth tissue. It can lead to the loss of vitality of a tooth marrow and other patological phenomena. It is a very frequent disease in children´s age. One of the indicators of level of oral health is DMF index. It is a sum of permanent teeth with decay, with filling and teeth already extracted due to tooth decay. This thesis traditionally consists of theoretical part, which is a compiled information from specialized literature and practical part, where a method of cross-sectional study was used. The practical part consists of a cross-sectional study. The aim of this part was to map the occurence of tooth caries at 12-15 year old adolescents in chosen regions. It focuses on comparison of differences in oral health between these two regions and between boys and girls in both regions measured by DMF index. Part of this study is also a comparison of oral health of chosen population with recommended parameters of WHO for 12 years old. To fulfil this target, selected dentists were contacted and asked for cooperation. Collection of data was done with help of nurses in the dentists' offices. Data were recorded from health cards of the patients to a prepared record keeping sheet. Anonymity was preserved during collection and processing of data. To validate the data the corectness of inserted data was randomly rechecked. Data were entered into Microsoft Office Excel data sheet and were backed up. Three hypotheses were rised in this thesis: H1: There exists statistically significant difference in teeth defectiveness in chosen regions. The difference at defectiveness of teeth has been demonstrated. Higher level of oral health is in Jihlava region study population. H2: There exists statistically significant difference in teeth defectiveness between girls and boys. This hypothesis was rejected. Alternative hypothesis was accepted: Statistically significant difference in teeth defectiveness between girls and boys does not exist. H3: Oral health of 12-15 year old adolescents in chosen regions has got parameters recommended by WHO. This hypothesis was rejected. Alternative hypothesis was accepted: Oral health of 12-15 year old adolescents in chosen regions does not have parameters recomMended by WHO. Results of this study will be communicated with all participating dentists. Results of the study has also shown a significantly higher defectiveness of teeth in the studied population in comparison with foreign study in a similar age sample of young people from New South Wales. On the other hand, young people from Jihlava and Havlíčkův Brod more often attend dentists and their results are much better at this point. In comparison with national studies from years 1998, 2003 and 2010 our results are more positive. It is possible to see gradual increase of percentage of young people with intact teeth and also slow decrease of average DMF value. In comparison of these two regions Jihlava and Havlíčkův Brod, the results from Jihlava were more positive. Statistically significant difference in defectiveness of teeth between girls and boys was not notified. Average DMF in studied population was 1,7. WHO recommended DMF 3 for the year 2000 and 1,0 for the year 2010. DMF index in our study did not reach the level recommended by WHO for the year 2010.
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Education of patients with ulcerative colitis
VEČEŘOVÁ, Iva
My bachelor thesis focused on " Education of patients with ulcerative colitis " has been split in theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part has been focused on characteristicsof ulcerative colitis and education. This part has been split in nine chapters. The chapters describe anatomy and physiology of colon, definition of the disease, its causes, symptoms and complications. Furthermore, the chapters have been focused on examination methods and treatment of ulcerative colitis and nursing care. The last chapter of the theoretical part has been devoted to education. There were two aims defined for the bachelor thesis; to describe methods of educating the clients suffering from ulcerative colitis and to determine efficiency of education for a patient suffering from ulcerative colitis (in the course of 3 months after the first education). Based on the specified aims, three investigation questions were asked. What is the effect of the suggested education on health status of a client suffering from ulcerative colitis? Does observance of diet measures affect relapse of the disease? How do reasonable physical strain and psychical stress affect the disease? The practical part of the thesis has been processed through qualitative research. The research was made with respondents with the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis and with nurses who work at gastroenterologic ward in the hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. The research was split in three parts. The first part included interviewing of eight respondents with the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis. The interview was semi-structured. This included eighteen questions focused on the progress of the disease, education of the respondent, diet measures and influence of physical strain and psychical stress on the disease. Then, each respondent was educated through the education. The second part included interviewing of three nurses from gastroenterologic ward in the hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. The interview was semi-structured, too. It included sixteen questions which are very similar to allow better comparison with the patients. The third part was focused on check of knowledge and efficiency of former education of three respondents. This was a structured interview. It included five questions. These were focused on present status of the disease, evaluation of observance and efficiency of the low-residue diet and the basis of mental hygiene. The interviews were taken in calm home environment. Results of the research showed that the respondents have lack of information most frequently in the field of physical strain and psychical stress and often in the field of low-residue diet. However, the respondents are mainly well-educated about the definition of the disease and about treatment. In my opinion, my bachelor thesis is helpful because it has proven that correct education may have positive effect on the progress of the disease. The thesis might be also used as education material and it might help improve education of clients with the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis.
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Monitoring of etological expression of dairy cows in dependence on technology of stabling for role of evolution of detectors which evaluate various movements of animals
KINDLOVÁ, Jana
Breeding of cattle is one of the most important industry of animal production in the Czech republic. These animals are used mainly for production of meat and milk. The aim of this diploma thesis was to gather basic datas about etological expressions of breeding dairy cows in the relationship to the used technologies of milking by using detectors of automatical scanning of movements and to formulate conclusions coming from these surveys. I monitored in three agricultural companies etological expressions of chosen dairy cows to the focus on their movement activities connected to the different technologies of milking. Etological monitoring helped to specify the scanning system of movements, which was installed in the companies. There were chosen total of 18 dairy cows of Holstein Friesian dairy cows, reproduction condition was various. The cows were in all phases of gravidity, some were just after birth. The observation was going on constantly for 24 hours, in various temperature conditions and different milking technique. The results were compared with literature and the aim was to find, by which system of milking are the animals happiest and how the welfare is accomplished.
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Analysis of the Lambing Process in Suffolk Ewes
ŠULCOVÁ, Veronika
The Suffolk is the most well-known of the English lowland sheep breeds. A black-faced sheep with short-stapled wool, the breed is used primarily for meat production. The Suffolk is classified as one of the breeds with the best ability to fatten and its meat yield is approximately 60%. The breed is characterised by its good adaptability to different climate and breeding conditions and overall good health. The ewes are known for their high fertility rate, shorter oestrus cycle, excellent maternal instincts, and high milk production. As a result of these characteristics, the Suffolk has become a very popular breed around the world. This thesis focuses on the breeding of Suffolk sheep as one of the best breeds for the production of slaughter lambs. The thesis also looks at reproduction as a part of sheep breeding, as well as at the factors that have an effect on pregnancy, the birthing process, and the newborn lamb. The main objective of this thesis was to process the lambing data for a specific herd of Suffolk sheep, including performing an evaluation of the basic reproductive indicators, calculating the birth weight of lambs, and determining the ideal age for including ewes in the breeding herd. The basic reproductive indicators include fertility, fertilisation, breeding intensity, and weaned lamb production. In the studied herd of sheep, these indicators were calculated as follows: fertility 182%; fertilisation 91%; breeding intensity 155%; and weaned lamb production 159%. The average birth weight of the lambs was 3.9 kg and the average optimal age for inclusion in the breeding herd was determined to be 17.5 months.
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The impact of problematic breastfeeding on woman's psyche
MELÁNOVÁ, Hana
The Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of breastfeeding and consequential complications in connection with women's psyche. The theoretical part consists of two main areas. In the first one the physiology of lactation is described, the principles of initiation of breastfeeding after a birth so as to ensure the optimal start and further course of lactation and also the most common problems that may occur during breastfeeding. The second area focuses on the psyche of women after childbirth and deals with the psychological disorders. The research part of the Bachelor's thesis dealt with the experience of women with problematic breastfeeding in relation to their body. There were set two basic objectives. The first one was to determine the impact of the problem with breastfeeding on the psyche of women and the second one was to find out, whom women solve problems with breastfeeding with. Two research questions came out of these two goals. The first examined the manner how breastfeeding problems affect the psyche of women. The second, with whom women address the problem of breastfeeding and where they usually seek for help. For the implementation of the research investigation was used the method of qualitative research investigation. Data collection was carried out by a structured interview. The content analysis was performed, then the processing of the acquired data was made by categorization. The answers of respondents were arranged in one category (The way of Nutrition-Breastfeeding) and 8 subcategories (the choice of the way of nutrition, family, Opinion, women's Awareness, a preparation for breastfeeding, a breastfeeding, an access to Course/PA, breastfeeding problems, feelings of women). The most important fact were processed for clarity to diagrams and categorization tables. In the description of results direct testimony of respondents were used. Research file consists of women in a period of 6 months after childbirth, where problems with breastfeeding appeared. All 8 women voluntarily agreed to participate in this research. The talks took place in the domestic environment of women in the agreed time during the March 2015. The women came from the District of Strakonice, Prachatice and Písek. From the research investigation it is obvious that women are aware of the benefits that breastfeeding brings and therefore they prefer breastfeeding as the best way of a child's nutrition. But the preparation for breastfeeding is often underestimated already in the pregnancy, thus women are not prepared to any complications. This work showed that the psychology of women after childbirth is very fragile and problematic breastfeeding, when mothers cannot adequately and fully feed their babies with breast milk, is a situation that has a negative impact on their mental state. Women almost identically felt that as their failure, which was accompanied by disappointment, sadness, hopelessness, exhaustion, stress, etc. One could say that the rate of psychological problems was directly proportional to the desire for long-term breastfeeding of a child. The interview with respondents revealed several factors that negatively affected the course of lactation as a lack of theoretical and practical training on breastfeeding in pregnancy, information about breastfeeding in women in general, a lack of support from health care professionals in maternity hospitals, exaggerated expectation from nursing women or improper communication with the mothers in case of an assistance in overcoming the difficulties after the release from the hospital and also a lack of support from the family side. The solution lies in particular in the awareness of women and their families, support of self esteem of women during pregnancy, the prevention of potential problems and high-quality breastfeeding advice either in a maternity hospital or in a home environment. When women faced an issue of breastfeeding and looked for help, all of them mentioned they used almost
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