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Role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly.
VRZALOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.
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Stress situations and nursing personnel
MAREŠOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the stressful situations in the profession of the nursing staff. The occupation of the nurse belongs to the most demanding ones. In this occupation, the nurse is permanently affected by many stressors of different types. She faces death, the suffering, dying and incurably ill people very often. She is there in times of pain, agony and suffering. Personal encounters with these difficult situations require highly professional approach but most of all, they present immense work stress for the nurse. The theory section describes mainly the stressful situations that are the most common and most difficult in the work of the nursing staff. The next part of the theory section describes possible consequences of the stressful situations and methods of managing them including the support by the management. This thesis has two objectives. The first objective was to map the manners used by the nursing personnel to cope with the stressful situations brought by their profession. The second objective was to find out the difference in the coping with the stressful situations between the hospital staff and hospice staff. The research section of this thesis contains the quantitative research done using the technique of an anonymous questionnaire with 20 question prepared by ourselves. The questionnaire was distributed to the nursing staff of all categories in the hospital and hospice care. It was completed by 269 respondents in total. The data was statistically processed using systems Microsoft Excel 2010 and Software R, version 3.0.2 (Chi-squared test, Fisher´s exact test, and Wilcoxon test). We determined four hypotheses. H1: Manners of coping with the stressful situations depend on the qualification of the nursing staff reached; not confirmed. H2: Manners of coping with the stressful situations are influenced by the length of practice of the staff; not confirmed. H3: Manners of coping with the stressful situations differ between the hospital staff and hospice staff; confirmed. H4: The nursing staff views their own mental hygiene as more efficient than the support from the management concerning the coping with the stressful situations; confirmed. The research results show that the nursing staff faces the stressful situations very often. They see as the heaviest stress the care of the suffering and aggressive patient, conflicts with the patient´s family, conflicts at work and workload. The manners of coping with the work burden which proved as the best for them are relax, rest and sleep. There were no differences proved in the manners of coping with the stress among respective members of the nursing team. Nevertheless, the coping with the work burden of the nursing staff in the hospital and hospice care is different. A minimum of the respondents notices any support during the stressful situations from the employer. On the other hand, certain support by the management could be viewed in the form of trainings, supervision or contribution to a "recovery" which are granted to the respondents from the employer according to their answers. However, the respondents would prefer, as the support by the management, the increase in pay or more days off. The respondents view as insufficient the preparation of the graduates for the future stressful situations in their profession, as well. They would recommend mainly various trainings dealing with the stress and its management. A good solution to alleviate the work burden of the nursing staff and quality enhancement of the services provided could be investments into better work conditions, both in terms of sufficient human and material resources and the very organization of the work processes.
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How to prevent the proliferation of Legionella pneumophylis in hot water in the hospital Czech Krumlov
TUREK, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with microbiological quality of hot water in a hospital in Cesky Krumlov as well as hot water piping condition with respect to Legionella. It also deals with arrangements for improving the quality of hot water in this hospital. The subject and target of this thesis are the findings of the mentioned parameters based on own observations, technical documentation and analysis of warm water performed by an accredited laboratory. The hospital in Cesky Krumlov, the construction of which began in 1909, was built in 1911 as the 'Nemocnice Císaře Františka Josefa I.' As the time went by, new buildings were built up. The hospital was renamed to 'Všeobecná veřejná nemocnice' in 1942. In the following years the hospital expanded until the current condition. Water quality and presence of Legionella is a world-wide issue, which we must fight against. The thesis is divided into two parts. First, theoretical part, which includes both general and specific knowledge about Legionella, its health risks, the environment in which it occurs, possibilities of eliminating, suitability of the material for hot water pipes, gained in professional literature and a part of the Czech legislation dealing with public health protection, the law 'No. 258/2004 Coll.' in actual version and quality of drinking water and hot water. In the second, empirical part, I focus on the situation of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov from 2009 till 2015, concerning newly built boiler room and the whole distribution system of hot water regarding Legionella. Particularly I focused on materials used for ecologisation of the gas boiler room and materials used for hot water pipes and actual state of water distribution in individual buildings of this health care facility. I mentioned the analysis of the water samples performed by an accredited laboratory with corresponding technical documentation, which concerns the water distribution system, provided by the medical facility. I used secondary data analysis to evaluate these documents. Regarding the results from 2009 to 2015 the microbiological quality of warm water doesn't meet the limits defined in the Attachment No. 3 of the above mentioned law Order 252/2004 Coll. Limit value for colony forming units of Legionella is set to maximum of 100 CFU. In most of the samples this limit was exceeded by series of units up to hundred thousands of units. The last results in 2015 prove improvement of the unfavorable situation. In that year the analysis was tested three times. First in February, where the CFU units were 'only' in hundreds, with the top value of 550 CFU in the Postacute Care ward. Second analysis was performed in June that same year. Results were acceptable. The highest value was 64 CFU. Last analysis in the hospital was performed in December. Increased concentration of Legionella was again in the Surgery building. There were established of 1400 colony forming units. There were 300 CFU in the Postacute Care ward and the limit value of 100 CFU was in the ward of Internal medicine. The answers to research questions 'How to prevent reproduction of Legionella peumophylis in the water distribution system of the hospital in Cesky Krumlov?' and 'How to ensure a sufficient amount of quality hot water in the medical facility?' are included at the end of the stated recommendations. A risk factor causing the fast reproduction of Legionella is the old water distribution system in most of the buildings and low water temperature of water leaving the boiler, which is 55°C. All mentioned results and evaluations are included in this thesis as well as attached pictures, which show the environment and situation within the Health Care Institutions.
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The use of (nano)oxides for metal and metalloid stabilization in contaminated soils
Michálková, Zuzana ; Komárek, Michael (advisor) ; Luke, Luke (referee)
The main objective of the thesis was to evaluate the potential of selected Mn and Fe (nano)oxides for the stabilization of metals and metalloids in contaminated soils. The research was focused basically on three materials - commercial nanomaghemite (Fe III), nanomagnetite (Fe II,III) and a synthetic amorphous Mn oxide (AMO). The main aim of the work was to provide a complex view on the chosen stabilizing amendments regarding not just their direct influence on contaminants mobility and stabilization mechanisms, but also their stability and alterations in soil conditions together with influence on soil microorganisms and higher plants. Firstly, adsorption properties of the tested materials towards Cd, Cu, Pb and As were investigated. In this context, the most effective material showed to be the AMO reaching one to two orders of magnitude higher adsorption capacities than Fe III and Fe II,III under given experimental conditions. Interestingly, the rate of As(V) adsorption onto AMO was increasing with increasing pH as a result of high pHzpc of the AMO (8.1) and significant dissolution of this phase at lower pH values. As a next step, the influence of (nano)oxides on metal(loid)s mobility and other physico-chemical soil characteristics after application to contaminated soil was examined. Again, the AMO proved to be the most efficient in reducing mobile pools of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and As. On the other hand, Fe III and Fe II,III addition had generally less significant effects on contaminants mobility. AMO application further resulted in an increase of soil pH connected with AMO dissolution and unwanted decomposition of soil organic matter. When (nano)oxides alterations in soil conditions were observed, MnCO3 coatings were identified on AMO surface while no significant changes were recorded for Fe III and Fe II,III. As the MnCO3 formation was connected with increased AMO stability, AMO particles synthetically covered with MnCO3 coating (denoted as SM AMO) were prepared. Although the SM-AMO had a lower mass loss in soil than pure AMO, the stabilizing efficiency was almost the same for both materials. The differences in surface composition of both materials were decreasing with time as MnCO3 naturally precipitated on the AMO surface in soils while the SM AMO coating was gradually dissolving. When investigating the effect on soil microbiota, AMO efficiently promoted soil microbial activity while no significant changes were observed in the case of Fe III and Fe II,III. The AMO was also able to reduce the uptake of Cd, Pb and Zn by sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), eliminate Zn phytotoxicity symptoms and increase biomass yield. On the other hand, toxic levels of Mn released from the AMO in an acidic soil were found in sunflower tissues. AMO application is thus recommended for contaminated neutral or slightly alkaline pH with a higher cation exchange capacity in order to avoid unwanted release of Mn. Finally, various types of AMO-biochar composite sorbents were recently prepared and field experiment focused on stabilization of Cd, Pb, Zn and As using studied materials is currently under preparation. The combined results from the thesis highlight the importance of a complex experimental approach dealing with all parts of the contaminated soil environment in order to obtain complete information about the efficiency and usefulness of any newly developed stabilizing amendment.
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Scattering of Sun Radiation on Microparticles in a Closed Environment of Water Bath
Jelínek, Marek ; Pecen, Josef (advisor) ; Zeman, Josef (referee)
This thesis deals with an alternative technology used to illuminate spaces without access to daylight. Technology uses primarily scattering and also reflection and refraction of sunlight in the optical environment of the PET bottles with water and microparticles. The base of technology consists of a plastic bottle filled with water with microparticles and positioned so that it vertically penetrates the roof interior. The effect of scattering of sunlight in the bottle is amplified by using a suitable material of the microparticles.
Review of literature deals with areas that the technology is primarily designed for and the current state of expansion. The principle of technology and factors affecting its efficiency are explained.
The aim of the experiment was limited testing and selection of suitable material of microparticles and their concentration for the possibility of practical use within the technology described. Several measurements were performed of the intensity ratio of incident and scattered light using selected materials of microparticles of various concentrations. Based on the obtained values and their comparison a solution containing 0.5 g of limestone into 1.5 l of water was selected as the most suitable optical environment for the solution.
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Transboundary eel (Anguilla anguilla) management plans
Lehoučková, Sabina ; Kalous, Lukáš (advisor) ; Nechanská, Denisa (referee)
In the bachelor thesis are collected and compared data obtained from available materials that deal with the issue of declining state of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in European waters. Population decline was recorded already in the 80s of last century and throughout the range, which includes most inland and coastal waters of Europe and North Africa. The first chapter describes the species of Anguilla anguilla, developmental stages and migration cycle, who during his life this species pass. In the following part of the work is information on the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1100/2007 of 18 September 2007 establishing measures for the recovery of the stock of European eel. This regulation requires the individual Member States of the European Union to draw up plans Management of European eel on their territory if the area falls between habitats eel. The next section discusses the management plans for the Czech Republic, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Denmark and Spain. The management plans are then selected individual chapters devoted to the definition of the basin, which measures for the recovery of the eel population concerning the procedure for determining the target escapement levels of 40 % of adults with eel in marine waters and further concrete measures implemented by means of the watercourses which should be the target level achieved. The final part is devoted to the discussion, which are summarized and compared the measures used by Member States in the individual management plans. Furthermore, this part contains data on the eel population after the introduction of primary measures for its renewal.
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Individual production of caravan
Kollar, Jan ; Lachnit, František (advisor) ; Kotek, Martin (referee)
The topic of this thesis is individual construction of the O1 category caravan on
mass produced cargo trailer chasiss. For simplifying administrative processes, the whole
construction is done as a rebuild. Thesis is about workflow of construction, legislative
requirements and documents that need to be present to all neccesary autorities. In thesis the
whole idea of building a caravan is covered. It starts from documentation, then buing of mass
produced chasiss is described, the build itself is described and in the end there is information
about registering of completed caravan according to czech law 56/2001 Sb. - o podmínkách
provozu vozidel na pozemních komunikacích (law about requirements for road driven
vehicles). In the thesis the choice of ideal mass produced chasiss is described, materials used
for construction are defined and necessary homologated parts needed for legal registration are
labeled.
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Realization of farm with a focus on poultry
Hromjak, Milan ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kovářová, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis deals with the origin of a family farm. By creating a business plan and issues connected with it, its priority is an organic poultry farm, which will produce poultry meat and eggs. Another service beyond the farm production will be creating conditions for a developing branch, which is agro-tourism and other services related to the operation of the farm, so that it leads to the economic development and profit.
The farm will arise by rebuilding of an old house with a large barn and adjacent 10ha of lands inherited from grandparents. There will be built a multi-purpose building called the poultry farm from which the poultry will have access to pasture. The property includes another 1 ha of forest from which the wood will be used as a building material and firewood.
The work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part especially focuses on explaining the concepts that are important to understand the business plan.
Then there is the legislation concerning the organic farming, a tangle of laws, public notices and regulations that must be followed in order to meet the conditions for the organic farming. An integral motivational service of the country and the European Union for farmers and not only for those who are environmentally-managing farmers, is support and grants for the years 2014 - 2020. A very important step not only for the starting farmers is a market analysis in the given branch, as well as a SWOT analysis that will show us the positive and negative aspects of the business. The conclusion of this section deals not only with the concept of agro-tourism, but also with its market position as well and possibilities of its use and further development.
In the practical part there is a description of a business plan and individual periods of the project including financing. Finances will flow from own and foreign capital, or the possibility to apply for support through non-refundable grants. The establishment of the farm will have an impact on the labor market, as there will be 5 newly created jobs and the community will fit into the wider public awareness thanks to the activities that the farm will develop for the purpose of product promotion and further development. Furthermore, there are itemized individual items that lead to the final evaluation of the effectiveness of the business plan. By processing the theoretical and practical part of the thesis the requirement of the thesis objective is met - to design a prosperous family farm focused on poultry keeping with a hypothesis if it is currently possible to be competitive while importing poultry meat and eggs from abroad. It can be concluded that the business plan is viable.
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Didactic and economic evaluation of the process Young peoples Education in the hunting area on example of the region Liberec
Macounová, Kateřina ; Oliva, Jiří (advisor) ; Hrib, Michal (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the education of youth in gamekkping in the Liberec region. The aim was to create a brief research about gamekeepers' education in the Czech Republic. The thesis discusses the evaluation of the range and organization of gamekeepers' education in this region, especially groups of youth in gamekeeping, other campaigns focusing on gamekeeping. There is a part of forest education and ecological and environmental education. In the forms of education, educational aids and studying materials the thesis analyses possibilities of this education, examples of usable educational aids and existing learning literature. The next part of the thesis contains an economic evaluation of this aktivity, a separate chapter is about support and grants from the Liberec region. Finally, there are suggested development measures to increase the quality of education in gamekeeping in the Liberec region.
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The overview and the evaluation of the technical specifications of transparent materials for the production of composite wood panels
Holub, Jan ; Böhm, Martin (advisor) ; Arnetová, Karolína (referee)
Work includes: general introduction to the components of the wood-based panels with a transparent layer, the history of their production. It includes requirements for individual components of composite wood panels and requirements for wood and other wood-based materials, which serve as reinforcement. Also mentions claims potting material, which serves as a matrix.
It includes a description of the technology of wood-based panels with a transparent layer. This paper introduces the most commonly used material serving as a matrix, their distinctive characteristics essential for the production of composite plates. Compares parameters resins based on polyester, polyurethane and epoxy resins and analyzes the choice of a suitable material for producing a composite board based on user requirements. Part of this work is to design materials for the manufacture of composite board with controlled light distribution.
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