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Hazards at Work in Temelín NPP Radiation Controlled Area.
KRČMÁŘ, Martin
During activities in controlled area of Nuclear Power Plant Temelín it is necessary to take certain measures with regard to the risks associated with ionizing radiation. These are primarily the requirements for protective equipment for individuals or workgroups. Principles and methods of storage material and technology, both at the workplace and outside. Necessary unavoidable introduction and salvaging objects across the boundary of the controlled area, whether it is tools or parts of the technology to be repaired or revised. At the workplace, there is a diverse waste that needs to be temporarily stored, sorted, and then passed to the workers involved in the disposal of this waste. The aim of this bachelor theses was to analyse existing methods and techniques used in operations in controlled areas, to check the reliability and adequacy of existing measures and procedures. Based on the performed analysis to propose measures to improve conditions for work in controlled area. Based on the study of expert resources and relevant legislation the theoretical part was developed. In the practical part, an analysis of several model activities that come into consideration in the controlled area of the Nuclear Power Plant Temelín was performed. Various changes were combined at the model activities with respect to both the workplace environment (source of ionizing radiation, surface contamination etc.) and various types of work (grinding, cutting, welding etc.). Also, methods of waste management, transports of technology or tools across the boundary of the controlled area were not omitted. Based on the analysis, it is possible to state that there were no serious deficiencies or reserves found in the measures used to prevent the risks related to the activities in the controlled area. The measures are not only fully functional, but the quality is at a high level. Also, we can not miss continuous effort of radiation control personnel to search for reserves and improvement, mainly due to acquired knowledge and experience in operation of the nuclear energetic device.
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Environmental Impact Assessment of the Atomic Power Station Jaslovské Bohunice
Ušáková, Diana ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Přibil, Rudolf (referee)
The impacts of nuclear power are now very important component of the impact assessment of the energy industry on the environment. The first nuclear power plant, which was built in the former Czechoslovakia is nuclear power plant called Jaslovské Bohunice, which is located in the western part of the Slovak Republic. Environmental load, but compared with thermal power plants is much lower, since the nuclear power plant produces smaller amounts of emissions and greenhouse gases such as thermal power plant. The concentration of radioactive substances in the ambient atmosphere and hydrosphere is much lower than permissible limits. Dispersion of harmful radioactive substances, however, implemented a broad area. Bohunice nuclear power plant is equipped with a special system for processing radioactive waste and the management of it, which is a major advantage in the use of these technologies. The survey population around Jaslovské Bohunice concerned people of various ages who were mostly university education. The public, which the operation of a nuclear power plant directly relates to the earlier welcomed the development of nuclear energy in Slovak as the forced outage. The questionnaire revealed that much of the population does not have the necessary data regarding the management of radioactive waste. The...
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Czech nuclear law
Jebas, Petr ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is Czech Nuclear Law. The nuclear law is a set of legal norms concerned with the ways and conditions of usage of nuclear energy and ionising radiation, the systems used to protect people and the environment against the damaging effects of ionising radiation, protocols to be followed in the case of accidents, radioactive waste disposal as well as the role of the state administration in supervising usage of nuclear energy and ionising radiation. A short historical review of the usage of nuclear energy and ionising radiation is followed by 2 chapters dedicated to international and EU nuclear law. The aims and content of international and EU collaboration concerning non-military usage of nuclear energy and ionising radiation are defined in these chapters. The other chapters of this thesis are concerned with Czech Nuclear Law. The constitutional foundation of this Law is described as well as nuclear law as a legal subject and the rules forming the base of Czech Nuclear Law. The following section deals with the power characteristics of the individual state authorities in the field of non-military usage of nuclear energy. Attention is paid to the classification of ionising radiation sources and characteristics of the tools used by the legal norm for environmental...
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Geochemical study of processes, relevant to safety assessment of deep geological repository: Uranium forms and enrichment scenario in a sedimentary system at the Ruprechtov natural analogue site
Havlová, Václava ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Pačes, Tomáš (referee) ; Zeman, Josef (referee)
U migration was studied in order to better understand to processes of safety relevant elements, particularly U. The rock sequence on the site can be analogous to a potential rock overburden of deep geology repositories. A multidisciplinary approach was undertaken in order to identify and characterise U mobilisation/immobilisation processes within sedimentary clayey rocks with organic matter enriched interlayers. Both conventional methods and modern sophisticated spectroscopic methods were combined. Sequential extraction, wet chemical method and even spectroscopic methods proved that U prevailed in the U(IV) form in low-oxidised samples. It moved towards more easily releasable fractions with sample ageing (oxidation). The combination of SE, µ-XRF and µ-XAFS results proved U to be unexpectedly associated with As and P, leading to the presumption that U(VI) from groundwater was reduced to U(IV) on As pyrite. The evaluation of the hydrogeochemical conditions and isotope analyses then brought the results into broader context: Sedimentary organic matter within the sedimentary layers was microbially oxidised, releasing dissolved organic matter and providing H+ in order to dissolve sedimentary inorganic carbonates. SO4 2- could be reduced under reducing groundwater conditions, thus causing FeS2 formation....
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Czech nuclear law
Künzel, Karel ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
89 Abstract The topic of the thesis concerns Czech nuclear law. Nuclear law can be defined as a set of special legal norms adjusting the terms of the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage, protection of population and environment against ionizing radiation, radiation accidents solving and treatment of radioactive waste. As such, nuclear law fully adjust the behaviour of all the natural and legal persons who are concerned with activities connected to the nuclear materials, ionizing radiation and natural resources of ionizing radiation. The field of nuclear law is closely connected to the branches of science dealing with the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage; therefore, the factual issues of which at least the fundamental knowledge is necessary for the understanding of nuclear law are given space at the beginning of the thesis. In its provisions, Czech nuclear law adjustment also reflect a number of international treaties and European Union regulations. On account of this, the next part of the thesis deals briefly with the international and European nuclear law adjustment. Important international organizations of the field are mentioned as well. The core of the paper consists in the part concerning the outline and analysis of the present adjustment of Czech nuclear law. The taxonomy of this...
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Czech nuclear law
Vavříková, Alena ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Tématem této práce je České atomové právo. Atomové právo je tvořeno soustavou právních norem, které regulují činnosti právnických a fyzických osob související s mírovým využíváním atomové energie a ionizujícího záření. Atomové právo je velmi úzce spojeno s přírodovědnými vědními obory, a proto je pro jeho pochopení důležitá alespoň základní věcná znalost této materie. Stručný souhrn nejdůležitějších vědně-historických milníků uvádím v první kapitole této práce. Následují kapitoly věnované historickému vývoji právní úpravy atomového práva a současné právní úpravě atomového práva. Vývoj atomového práva je nahlížen jak z hlediska mezinárodního a evropského tak národního. Českou právní úpravu atomového práva porovnávám s právní úpravou finskou a zamýšlím se nad jejich odlišnostmi a možnostmi, jak by jedna mohla obohatit druhou. U obou úprav porovnávám kromě formální stránky také nástroje ochrany životního prostředí a zásady, které jsou pro ně stěžejní. Vzhledem k možnému zneužití jaderných materiálů k válečným účelům a rovněž s ohledem na potenciální přeshraniční dopady případné jaderné havárie se právní regulací mírového využívání jaderné energie a ionizujícího záření zabývají mnohé mezinárodní organizace, kterým v této práci pro jejich důležitost a autoritu věnuji samostatnou kapitolu. České atomové...
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Adsorption of radionuclides in granite pores and micropores
Šindelář, Jakub ; Mls, Jiří (advisor) ; Šantrůček, Jaromír (referee)
Adsorption of radionuclides in granite pores and micropores ABSTRACT This graduation thesis deals with laboratory determination of adsorption isotherms parameters. Granite from the central moldanubian pluton, site Panské Dubenky, Czech Republic, was chosen to the experiment. The place is one of the candidate sites to build a deep nuclear waste disposal. A batch experiment was performed in two modes, differing in the way of addition of radioactive nuclide 90 Sr. From this experiment, distribution coefficients for a linear isotherm or parameters for Langmuir isotherm were obtained. Beside this, a through-diffusion experiment was performed. The objective of this experiment was to identify whether some of the radionuclides used (137 Cs, 90 Sr, 125 I) is able to penetrate through the pores of a granite slice barrier between two solutions of different concentrations. During the period of the experiment no radionuclide was detected reliably.
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