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Physiotherapy at Patiens after Breast Cancer
POCHOPOVÁ, Jana
The breast cencer is the world's most common cancer among women. It affects about 6 % of them and it is registered approximately 600 thousand new cases of the disease every year. The situation is not so satisfactory as well in the Czech Republic. It has been contained about 6500 new cases a year in recent years and about 2000 women die of this disease. The breast cancer is one of the disease which unfortunately can not be predicted or prevented. Despite this it is a type of cancer which can lead in most cases to cure the patient if it is soon detected. It is used the self-examination method for the soon detection of cancer which women should regularly realize and especially mammography screening. The treatment of breast cancer is linked to the emergence of certain problems that complicate subsequent convalescence of the patient. If it appears there are options how to fight them. It can be also prevented or at least significantly reduced. The issue of breast cancer is still very actual and it is the reason why I chose topic "Patients' physiotherapy after breast cancer treatment." for this bachelor thesis. This work consists of a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts related to cancer, its development and anatomy. It also deals with the issue of breast cancer from etiology of the disease, the influence of risk factors and diagnosis to therapy. It also describes the risk of postoperative complications related to surgical procedure on the breast and removal lymph node and the possibility prevent these problems or fight effectively with appropriate therapy. Practical part of work includes monitoring of postoperative changes on patients with surgical procedure on breast and the therapy description focused on the prevention of formation of complications linked to surgical procedure or removal of already existing problems. The collection of primary data was carried out qualitative way through case studies, it was chosen the methodology of interview, observation (kinesiology analysis) and analysis of personal health documents. The research group consisted of two patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent surgical procedure at the Department of Surgery Hospitals Czech Budejovice, a. s. The goal in this work was determined to describe the effect of physiotherapy in the prevention of postoperative problems related to surgical procedure for cancer removal. Together with the aim of work the following research question was determined: What are the contributions of physiotherapy in the prevention of postoperative symptoms in patients with breast cancer? In both patients the therapy managed to achieve a functional and painless movement of the shoulder joint and the upper limbs on the affected side, free mobility in the thoracic region and improved breathing stereotype. There has been a release of abbreviated and strengthening of weak muscle groups. We also managed to release the postoperative scars, while the patients were instructed how to treat them in the future. Contribution physiotherapy is therefore positive. Patients were also educated on the need for regular exercise even after warming up arms and got recommendations for the care of the upper limb, diet, hygiene, sports or doing housework. The results of the research part showed that the implementation of physiotherapy in patients after surgery for breast cancer has a positive effect in the prevention of postoperative complications, thereby has accomplished the goal of the work. Bachelor thesis will be used by physiotherapists for completion of information about the possibilities of rehabilitation after breast cancer treatment and also as educational material for patients and others interested in this issue.
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