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Education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of ear, nose, throat.
EKHARDTOVÁ, Miroslava
The aim of this study was to uncover phenomena in the effective education of children in the hospital before the surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and to create a functional educational material, using elements of game therapy. The theoretical part contains information about the problems of hospitalized children, their perception of illness and hospitalization and brings facts about the negative reactions of children in this difficult period. This part of study describes the education of children at the hospital and introduces simple instructions how to communicate with the child. This part of study also describes the nurse's work at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat and describes the most frequent procedures with children at this department. Another part of this study is focused on the preoperative preparation and the last part of this study is focused on the gaming therapy. Following research questions were provided to achieve the main aims of this study: 1. How is the children education provided in the Department of ETH in the chosen hospital? 2. What kind of children's educational strategies is used at the pre-operative care at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the chosen hospital? 3. What are the effectiveness of educational strategies applied on the principle of game therapy? This research was based on qualitative survey. The research was divided into three parts. The results of the research are in the practical part of this study. Data were collected between December 2014 and March 2015 at the Otorhinolaryngology department at the hospital in Jindřichův Hradec. The first part of the research was focused on interviews with the nurses. Interviews were semi-structured and contained eight questions. The second part of the research was focused on seven questions of semi-structured interviews with hospitalized children's deputy. These two parts of the research was supplemented by direct structured observation focused on the children and children's deputy education at the hospital before the surgery. Due the working department management the direct structured observation was carried out at the moment of hospital admission because there is the education most extensive and the most important. Based on the results of the first two parts of the research of this study the new education materials were created and applied in the third part of the research of this study. One of the new created education materials was an electronic Power Point presentation used in hospital's tablets. The second new applied educational material was a Teddy Bear. The results of these interviews showed that the main source of information is mainly a doctor. The nurse completes the education. Interviewed nurses realize the importance of education for children and their parents. First, the education is carried out at the hospital Infimary Room based on verbal and individual way. Then the education is carried out in the Hospital Room or in the Surgery Room before the surgery if the patient's condition allows children can for example touch the respirator etc. The education is more focused on children's deputy. The big advantage for children is a fact, than they can be accompanied by their deputy. The children's deputy can stay till the child fall asleep before the surgery. The effectivity of the education is controlled by nurses. There is one alarming result of the survey. One of the nurses believes that non educated child feels just the same as educated. However, this result wasn't confirmed. There is only minimal occurrence of the game therapy at the department. Nurses express positive opinion about the education with occurrence of the game therapy but negative phenomenon of this strategy they find in the lack of the time. The observed fact is those interviewed deputies were very satisfied with the education in most of the cases. The practical part of this study is focused on application of educational material.
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