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Hodnocení technických a energetických parametrů traktorových souprav pro zpracování půdy
Janů, Radek
The bachelor thesis presents the current state of the construction of tractors. The attention is focused on tractor engines, especially tractor gearboxes - mechanical, hydrodynamic and hydromechanical. Last but not least, on electrohydraulic control systems of tractors. The method of field measurement of the kit Fendt Vario 924 tractor and plough Pöttinger Servo Plus 6.50 has been established in the next section. The measured results are presented in tabular and graphical form. It was found that correct use of traction roller plough can increase the effective performance of the kit Fendt Vario 924 and Pöttinger Servo Plus 6.50 by 0,33 ha.hod-1 and subsequently reduce the cost of ploughing of 1 ha by 138,6 CZK.
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Možnosti inovace systému zpracování půdy v zemědělském podniku
Brabec, Jan
This thesis is focused on Mr. Pohanels farm and its tillage system. First, the work discusses findings from the literature sources about soil tillage systems. The following part is focused on characteristics of the farm, its production, natural conditions and brief history of the farm. It describes the historical and current agricultural technology and economical evaluation of current soil tillage system. The next part proposes innovations of the soil tillage system, with respect to improve the soil condition, possibility to increase the yields of major crops, and reduce fuel consumption. In the end is made a comparison of existing and proposed soil tillage system.
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Různé technologie zpracování půdy a zakládání porostů ječmene v zemědělském podniku
Dvořák, Martin
The bachelor thesis concerns with comparison of different soil tillage and influence on barley yield. Thesis is based on one year field experiment in agriculture company ZEPO Bořitov, družstvo. The experiment was based on two variants. Variants were conventional tillage with use plow and reduced tillage with use disc harrow. Grain yields from both variants were measured in four replicates. The literature review deals with the problems of soil tillage and barley cultivation. The methodology describes a field experiment and then evaluates the results. The results of the experiment were not statistically verifiable.
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Změny obsahu organického uhlíku a dusíku v půdě při obnovách travních porostů
Kadłubiec, Szymon
In the last 30 years there has been a big change in the acreage of permanent grasslands. Since 1990, the acreage of permanent grasslands has increased by 20% to 1003 thousand ha. Currently, there has been a decrease in the amount of cattle and sheep. Despite this fact, it is necessary to ensure high quality fodder from grasslands in order to assure profitability of farming. Therefore, farmers often opt for restoration. The most efficient way is radical ploughing restoration. This method involves numerous risks for environment. The present thesis examined the influence of radical restoration of grasslands by ploughing on the change in the content of organic carbon, total nitrogen and the C:N ratio in the soil. Field experiments were conducted in two locations on the land of National Stud at Kladruby nad Labem, and also in two locations in Oldřichovice near Třinec. In Kladruby, the samples were obtained from both, restored and indigenous grasslands, whereas in Oldřichovice, the samples were obtained only from restored grasslands. The biggest loss of organic carbon (Cox) and total nitrogen (Nt) was noted in Kladruby n.L. in the sandy soil of the original vegetation since the spring of 2016 to the autumn of 2017. In the soil layer of 0-30 cm there was a decrease of the Cox stock in the soil by 58.2 t·ha-1, the stock of Nt in the soil did not change. At the same location and during the same period, the Cox stock of 35,3 t·ha-1 and the Nt stock of 0,1 t·ha-1 fell on the restored vegetation in the soil layer of 0-30 cm. In the clay loam soil in Kladruby n.L. since the spring of 2017 to autumn 2017 there was a decrease of 27,6 t·ha-1 Cox and 1,4 t·ha-1 Nt in soil layer 0-30 cm on the restored vegetation. In the original vegetation, the Cox content decreased by 16.3 t · ha-1 and Nt by 0.4 t·ha-1. In the Oldřichovice over the house area, since the autumn of 2016 to the spring of 2018, the Cox stock fell after plowing in the soil layer 0-30 cm by 7 t·ha-1 and the Nt supply increased by 0.9 t·ha-1. In the Oldřichovice area under the hill, the Cox stock decreased by 39.2 t·ha-1 in the same period and in the same soil layer and the Nt stock decreased by 1.5 t·ha-1. From the point of view of the depth of soil, the largest amounts of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the upper layer of soil were recorded 0-10 cm. The C:N ratio in the restored and natural grasslands was not statistically different. At the same time, after the recovery in this layer of soil, the biggest loss of Cox and Nt occurred.
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Vplyv rôznych spôsobov zakladania porastov poľných plodín a spracovania pôdy na zhutnenie pôdy
Fusek, Andrej
The thesis aims to analyze an impact of soil processing on its compaction and penetration resistance. The measurement was carried out in April 2018 on the gley fluvisols at the experimental station in Žabčice. Three methods of soil tillage were compared in a 7-field crop rotation. Resistance of the soil, as well as soil moisture, were measured at the same time. The course of the penetration resistance of each variant of the experiment is described. The differences between individual variants were found by using statistical and graphical evaluation. In some variants, harmful compaction has been reported.
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Využití hloubkového kypřiče při pěstování obilovin a řepky olejné
MICHEK, Aleš
The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of two technologies for soil cultivation in winter rape and winter wheat growing in 2017 and 2018. The first technology is a conventional technology, or classic using plowing and the second one is a minimization technology, where plowing is replaced by loosening. The work is focused on the comparison of fuel consumption, investment and operating costs, exploitative indicators and machine work quality. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on the description of particular machines and the company of primary agricultural production, where the machine is used.
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Porovnání orebné a bezorebné technologie zpracování půdy z hlediska jejího zhutnění
MACH, Václav
The bachelor thesis focuses on technologies of soil cultivation which are nowadays most frequently used in our country and what is their influence in soil compaction. It describes reasons of the origins of soil compaction, impacts of the compaction and the effect of compaction on soil as a unit. It also focuses on procedure? against unwanted compaction or its following elimination. Subsequently, the thesis describes basic work operations which are plowing and aeration. There are details of the principle how the plough works, basic types of ploughs and the way how we can divide plowing. There are also methods of plowing which are applied in different conditions on land. Last but not least, the thesis points out advantages and disadvantages of this most common soil cultivation. It deals with technologies of aeration as well as it deals with machines which are able to cultivate soil or with technologies of soil cultivation and their advantages and disadvantages in work without a plough. The field experiment which has been done for drawing up of this bachelor thesis focuses on comparison of ploughing and non-ploughing technologies of soil cultivation in a way of its compaction. There is evaluation of the penetrometric resistance, of the achieved depth in measurement and the soil moisture. These values have been measured on a field which was divided according to the technology of soil cultivation. The first part was done conventionally with the plough and in the second part the plough was replaced with the aeration. The results of the measurement were then compared with the whole soil profile of the measurement, then in the depth of 20 cm and finally with rest the horizon of measurement. Values and comparisons of the individual measurements are for better illustration noted in tables and marked on graph.
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Porovnání konvenčního a minimalizačního zpracování půdy
POLAN, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis deals with soil tillage systems. It contains of using individual technologies with regard to fuel consumption, time needed for operations and condition of growing crops. Machines used for the tillage are also described in this thesis. The experiment was realized in a single groundfield which was divided to avoid distortion of results by different soil quality.
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Porovnání hloubkového kypření a zpracování půdy orbou
PROCHÁZKA, Miroslav
The final thesis is theoretical-research. It is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with the soil from the point of view of its importance for man and introduces its types. From the point of view of soil cultivation it introduces two different technologies of its processing, namely plowing and deep loosening. It shows types of cultivators and plows. The research part analyzes the results of the research obtained by practical measurement of yields in the spring barley sowing using both tillage technologies. It compares these technologies in terms of economy, impact on growth, soil and yield.
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Pracovní podmínky obsluhy v kabinách traktorů s odlišnou výkonností při orbě.
REITMAJER, Jan
In this work is described problematic of tractor cab development and their construction. Then was described noise and performance distribution of tractors. In the practical part was monitored noise exposure in the driving area of the tractor during the plowing. For measurements were selected tractor types: New Holland T8040, Fendt 716 Vario, Case Puma 240, New Holland T7050, John Deere 8530 and Kirovec K-701. Chosen tractor types were different in performance, age and vendor. Measurement was performed in the length of one working shift, i.e. eight hours of recording data in the memory of recording device.
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