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Nursing care of women after operative deliveries
KREJCAROVÁ, Jana
Nursing Care in Women after an Operative Delivery The bachelor thesis focuses on nursing care in women after an operative delivery terminating pregnancy. The theoretical part describes the individual surgical procedures (forceps delivery, vacuum extraction, cesarean section), nursing care and educational activity accompanying them. Further, it also includes a brief history of these methods. In the practical part, four basic goals and hypotheses were stated. The goal of the work was to identify differences in taking care of women after operative deliveries, to find out whether the care is conducted in the form of a nursing process, whether the care follows nursing and obstetrical standards in the selected delivery wards. With the view of these goals the following hypotheses were formulated: nursing care in women after operative deliveries differs in selected delivery wards and that midwives use a nursing process meeting the nursing and obstetrical standards in care of women. The research was conducted by a quantitative method. Data were collected through the use of anonymous questionnaires. These questionnaires were given to midwives in selected delivery wards (České Budějovice, Plzeň and Písek). The respondents were nurses working in delivery rooms, puerperium wards and gynecologic intensive care unit. The goals of the work were fulfilled. The hypothesis regarding the differences in care between individual delivery wards was confirmed. The second hypothesis that the care in women after operative deliveries is conducted in the form of a nursing process was proved in 72% cases. The third hypothesis confirms using of nursing standards in this care in 92% and the fourth hypothesis reveals that obstetrical standards are met in 75%. The results for the analyzed set of cases as a whole show certain definite tendencies, however the care differs among individual places and even among various wards within one institution. Therefore it would be useful to asses the organization of work, technical conditions and possible modifications that could improve the nursing care.
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The problems of the central venosus catheter in the point of view of a nurse and a patient
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Miroslava
At present, nurses working in the acute medicine often meet patients who have had introduced a central venous catheter. In the acute medicine this catheter is essential for its wide-spread utilization. It also needs an intensive nursing care due to its invasiveness and an easy importation of an infection. Every hospital has its own standards developed for its treatment as well as successes in a prevention of the catheter infection. The patients often perceive an introduction of the central venous catheter as an inconvenience and they do not understand restrictions which are necessary when the catheter is going to be introduced. An aim of the bachelor thesis was to determine the problems that nursing staff meet in the care of the central venous catheter, which methods they use in the prevention of the infection and what are the feelings of patients with the introduced central venous catheter. In order to achieve the defined aims a qualitative method of a semi-structured interview was used. Interviews were made with nurses working in intensive care wards and in departments of anaesthesiology and resuscitation and a semi-structured interview with the patients who have had an experience with the inserted central venous catheter as well. Results were described in the interviews and interesting facts were entered into tables. The research showed that a frequent problem for nurses was the infection. Another finding showed that nurses have used available means to prevent an onset of the infection and they followed the nursing care standards while taking care of the central venous catheter. The interviews with the patients showed that they had perceived problems especially with a re-bandage of the central venous catheter.
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Self - Reflection of the Medical Workers in Connection with Nursing of Patients with Serious Prognosis and Death
VAŇKOVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with the issue of self-reflection of healthcare professionals in the context of treating patients with hopeless prognoses and deaths. Self-reflection is the ability to think about oneself and one?s own actions, and it is one of the prerequisites of personal development. Similarly, this is so in the profession of nurses, who are expected to show, in performing their professional activities, total professionalism, excellent communication skills, and coping with difficult life situations of patients when nurses are expected to support them. Nurses are frequently confronted with severely ill, dying patients, family tragedies, and many other complex situations that affect their mental health, family life and ultimately the profession. The objective of this thesis was to find out how the care of patients in hopeless states and deaths of patients affect nurses? mental health and work in terms of their self-reflection. The theoretical part describes the nursing process for patients with hopeless prognoses and dying people and communicating with them. It also describes self-reflection, motivation, supervision in palliative care and burnout syndrome. The thesis also deals with the emotions of nurses in treating patients with hopeless prognoses and dying patients, as well as the prerequisites of healthcare professionals for treating patients with hopeless prognoses and deaths. The survey was conducted using qualitative research, the method of questioning, using non-standardized interviews. The research group consisted of eight nurses working in hospital České Budějovice a.s. at the departments of oncology, oncohematology, anaesthetic resuscitation, and apallic unit. The survey was conducted during the period from 20 July 2010 to 23 July 2010. he research showed that the mental state, especially their views of life, of nurses treating patients with hopeless prognoses and dying patients has been and is affected. Most of the nurses surveyed said that they have revalued their lives and now they have other priorities. One nurse said that she is trying to take care of herself more. As revealed in the survey, the care of patients with hopeless prognoses and dying patients does not affect the nurses? work itself. Almost all of the nurses approach these patients like the other patients and take the care of them as a part of their profession. The results of this thesis may be used in professional seminars for nurses.
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Obstipacion as a problem in nursing
PETRŮ, Štěpánka
Obstipation as a problem in nursing. A growing portion of today{\crq}s population suffers from obstipation. Longer life expectancy and today{\crq}s lifestyle are seen as the most frequent reasons for it. Obstipation is a complaint nurses encounter in all kinds of health care institutions. Providing suitable nursing care may help the patient with defecation. The first part of the thesis is theoretical. It provides the definition of the disorder, its causes and proper nursing method, which is listed in chronological order according to the nursing procedure. The next part deals with a survey, which was carried out in hospitals in Pelhřimov, Jindřichův Hradec and Počátky at departments where higher incidence of obstipation is anticipated. The survey was anonymous, and the data were collected from 128 nurses in a quantitative research using the method of questionnaire. In order to remain objective, structured interviews containing the same questions were made with 11 inpatients hospitalized at the departments included in the survey. The thesis followed three goals. First, to find out whether nurses make an inquiry about obstipation that is to be included in the patient{\crq}s history. Second, to map out nursing care in patients with obstipation at departments with beds. Third, to identify current options nurses can choose from while dealing with obstipation as a problem in nursing. Based on the goals, three hypotheses were determined. First, nurses are concerned about the frequency of patient{\crq}s defecation at their homes while collecting details for patient{\crq}s history. Second, nurses do not keep the patients hydrated enough. Third, nurses secure intimate place for defecation when requested by the patient. Nurses themselves confirmed the first and third hypotheses and refused the second one. The patients` answers did not always match with nurses` responds. In conclusion, both surveys proved that nurses have theoretical knowledge related to looking after a person suffering from obstipation but they are not always ready to implement such knowledge. The thesis provides an overview of the current nursing care in patients with obstipation and is set to help implement a better and more effective usage of nursing methods in practice.
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Differences in nursing care of patients after operations of fractures of the pelvis and in the conservative treatment after a pelvic injury.
ADAMČÍKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with fractures of the pelvis, which may be treated in the conservative manner, i.e. by the ligamentum of the pelvis. The ligamentum of the pelvis may be a temporary solution, or it is left until the fracture heals up, or by an operation. Further, nursing care is analysed here, ranging from the admission of the client to the department to his/her discharge. It points out differences in the care of clients in the conservative treatment and in the operational therapy. The research investigation was conducted in the hospitals in České Budějovice and Prachatice. The quantitative research was used for the bachelor thesis, in the form of an anonymous questionnaire, and additionally the qualitative research was conducted in the form of observation. The questionnaire was made up for nurses and contained 32 questions. The observation took place in the intensive care unit, where I had the opportunity to observe 6 nurses at work, and thus check up on the results of the graphs.
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