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Reconstruction of a Crime
Strnadová, Marie ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the reconstruction of a crime. These special means of evidence are regulated in the provisions of § 104d of the Criminal Procedure Code. This act takes place if the situation in which the crime was committed is to be restored, or if the circumstances related to the crime are to be restored, if the testimony of the suspect, accused, co-accused, injured party or witness, is to be examined, but only if other evidence provided in the proceedings is not sufficient to clarify the case. In the first chapter, the topic of the legal regulation of the reconstruction of a crime is set in a historical context. The current legal regulation of this institute in the Czech legal system follows. Furthermore, the concept, meaning and types of forensic reconstruction are analysed, which is compared to selected special means of evidence, for which it is often incorrectly confused. As the reconstruction of a crime is a complex and very important mean of evidence, the merits of this thesis are devoted to the preparation, planning, the actual execution, documentation and evaluation of this act. Furthermore, the thesis describes two examples of crime reconstruction from practice and ends with considerations de lege ferenda.
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On-the-spot examination of the testimony - problems of the theory and practice
Händlová, Tereza ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the problem of the criminalistic method of on-the-spot examination of the testimony, namely with particular questions of its theoretical definition as well as selected questions concerning its practical use within the activities of law enforcement authorities. The overall aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive view of this institute and to present a detailed analysis of individual aspects of this method of forensic practice, as well as the subsequent identification of particular questions, problems and uncertainties that arise in this context. The first part focuses on the theoretical perspectives of the on-site examination of the testimony. Attention is brought to its process of constitution in Czechoslovak forensic science, its conceptual definition as well as differentiation from other methods of forensic practice. The second part of this thesis deals with selected practical questions related to the on- site examination of the testimony. In addition to the basic tactical principles elaborated by forensic theory, a substantial part of this chapter is devoted to the legal aspects of the on-site examination of the testimony, i.e. its legal regulation, its incorporation into the criminal justice system and possibilities of its use. This part also contains a...
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On-the-spot examination of the testimony - problems of the theory and practice
Händlová, Tereza ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the problem of the criminalistic method of on-the-spot examination of the testimony, namely with particular questions of its theoretical definition as well as selected questions concerning its practical use within the activities of law enforcement authorities. The overall aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive view of this institute and to present a detailed analysis of individual aspects of this method of forensic practice, as well as the subsequent identification of particular questions, problems and uncertainties that arise in this context. The first part focuses on the theoretical perspectives of the on-site examination of the testimony. Attention is brought to its process of constitution in Czechoslovak forensic science, its conceptual definition as well as differentiation from other methods of forensic practice. The second part of this thesis deals with selected practical questions related to the on- site examination of the testimony. In addition to the basic tactical principles elaborated by forensic theory, a substantial part of this chapter is devoted to the legal aspects of the on-site examination of the testimony, i.e. its legal regulation, its incorporation into the criminal justice system and possibilities of its use. This part also contains a...
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The role of modus operandi in criminalistics
Pivná, Tereza ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The role of modus operandi in criminalistics Abstract The reflection of a person's personality can be observed in every single one of his actions and criminal activity is no exception. The modus operandi of a crime is currently a very neglected topic within the professional public. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe in detail the concept of modus operandi of a crime and to outline its criminal significance. The secondary goal of the thesis is then to show in practical cases whether the assumption of perseverance of the offender is true. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the history of the perception of this issue by criminologists across the centuries, the very definition of the term modus operandi of a crime, its systematic classification, its definition and its possible understanding in other fields and countries. It also describes the components of the modus operandi of a crime and their possible division, discusses the determinants of modus operandi of a crime, both subjective and objective, and the mechanisms that contribute to the formation of modus operandi a crime. The last chapter, the fourth chapter, of the theoretical part deals with the possible importance of modus operandi of a crime for criminalistics, namely the...
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Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims
Valešová, Kristýna ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
1 Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistics Victimology) Abstract The submitted diploma thesis on the topic of criminalistics study of crime victims (criminalistics victimology) aims to acquaint its readers with victimology, its basic concepts and the legal development of the position of victims in Czech, European and international law. Furthermore, it aims to provide an insight into the subject of criminalistics victimology. The thesis is divided into introduction, five chapters and conclusion The first two chapters of the thesis focus on the definition of the basic terms of victimology, as understanding these terms is necessary for further content of the thesis. The thesis then provides a brief description of the development of victimology. It also focuses on the topic of victimization of victims - primary, secondary and tertiary. Part of the thesis describes the evolution of victims' rights in the Czech Republic and the European and international law, because the victim has long been an unknown term for legal systems. Vulnerable victims and the specifics of their treatment are mentioned in the second chapter as well. In the chapters which are devoted to criminalistics victimology, the thesis first deals with the victim as the originator of material and memory forensic traces. The chapters...
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Recognition
Mufová, Alžběta ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The following thesis explores the obtaining of evidence during criminal proceedings via a line-up technique which is listed in section 104b, Act No. 141/1961, Criminal Procedure Code. The chosen topic is reviewed in its complexity from several different angles including theoretical aspects and my own personal experience. The thesis concentrates on a line-up of subjects in natura, problems associated with the procedure and offers possible solutions on how to face the given problems. In the first chapter the thesis provides general definition of a line-up and its variations and remaining subchapters to the possibility of its urgency and unrepeatability as well as to the question whether an object must participate. Next it follows the historical development of line-ups, offers views both current and historical on the practice as a method of criminal evidence gathering and explores the fact that it has only recently become part of the Criminal Procedure Code. This is opposed to being considered, as was the case for a long time, as a specific kind of interrogation, a view that can still be found among some theorists up to this day. In the next two chapters, a line-up is compared to other methods of criminal evidence that are part of the Criminal Procedure Code and the thesis also takes a closer look at...
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On-the-spot examination of the testimony - problems of theory and practice
Händlová, Tereza ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the problem of the criminalistic method of on-the-spot examination of the testimony, namely with particular questions of its theoretical definition as well as selected questions concerning its practical use within the activities of law enforcement authorities. The overall aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive view of this institute and to present a detailed analysis of individual aspects of this method of forensic practice, as well as the subsequent identification of particular questions, problems and uncertainties that arise in this context. The first part focuses on the theoretical perspectives of the on-site examination of the testimony. Attention is brought to its process of constitution in Czechoslovak forensic science, its conceptual definition as well as differentiation from other methods of forensic practice. The second part of this thesis deals with selected practical questions related to the on- site examination of the testimony. In addition to the basic tactical principles elaborated by forensic theory, a substantial part of this chapter is devoted to the legal aspects of the on-site examination of the testimony, i.e. its legal regulation, its incorporation into the criminal justice system and possibilities of its use. This part also contains a...
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Dactylography - past, present and future
Zapletalová, Karolína ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively analyze and describe one of the oldest methods of individual identification of individuals, which originates in ancient civilizations and consists of identifying a person on the basis of unique drawings of his papillary terrain. The dactyloscopy will be viewed primarily from a criminalistic perspective, although the text also deals with its expansion and use in other areas of human life. This is also a current trend, whose tendencies can be expected in the future. The thesis is divided into three basic chapters - history, present, future, which will gradually summarize the whole issue of this established forensic science. The text is supplemented with pictures and photographs with regard to practical use of this method. The first part of the thesis deals with the history of dactyloscopy from the discovery of papillary lines by ancient cultures to the gradual introduction of scientific approach to this discipline, either from physiological point of view or later from the criminalistic point of view. The text focuses mainly on important personalities who have helped to develop dactyloscopy and put it into practice. At the end of this part, the historical background and the development of the doctrine of papillary lines in the Czech Republic are also...
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Biometrie a její využití v kriminalistice
VÁCHOVÁ, Ivona
The bachelor thesis is focused on submitting actual and understandable information about biometrics. The aim is to acquaint the public with the possibilities of biometric identification, their technologies and utilization in forensic science. The thesis explains important terms, history of the branch and division of biometric characteristics and identification. The thesis also introduces biometric systems, their criteria and errors. The main part consists of processing of selected identification methods. At the end there is also a possibility of using biometric characteristics in identity papers and forensic science.
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Criminalistic study of a victim of the crime (criminal victimology)
Kavková, Klára ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Criminalistic study of a victim of the crime (criminalistic victimology) Abstract This presented thesis puts at the forefront a victim of the crime and its importance within criminalistic victimology, the study about a victim of the crime. The role of the victim is important both at the beginning of the criminal offence as well as during its duration. The victim is also important factor at the notification of the criminal offence, its investigation and at the court hearing of the criminal offence. In this thesis, I put at the forefront the relationship between a victim and an offender, which may exist in such a superficial range or on the contrary they may be really close to each other. There is also outlined in which extent the victim is participating on the creation of tracks, or if is their bearer. The thesis deals with a victim as a notifier of criminal activity - which reasons that lead to its (non-) notification. The major part of this thesis shall be described as part of a victim on the investigation of a criminal offence, mainly its role during the interrogation of itself, but also during the confrontation and the recognition. Another non-less important aspect of this thesis is help for victims of the criminal offence, as well as financial, social and psychological. At the end, the legal regulation...
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