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Strategies and equilibria in game theory
Mutňanský, Michal ; Milota, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kaplický, Petr (referee)
Game theory is a discipline of applied mathematics that analyses a wide range of decision situations. In this thesis the reader is informed about the basic terms of game theory, some of them are illustrated on simple examples. The two dimensional Brouwer fixed-point theorem is proven using the Hex game. In addition to the formulation and proof of Nash's theorem, the thesis presents several methods for finding Nash equilibrium points, such as the simplex method. Their application to a specific game demonstrates the practical use of these methods. The thesis is intended for readers interested in the game theory, it does not, however, require any previous knowledge of this field of mathematics.
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Analýza rakouské teorie hospodářského cyklu z pohledu komplexní ekonomie
Lanzafame, Alessandra ; Bernat, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pavlík, Ján (referee)
This thesis analyzes the Austrian business cycle theory (ABCT) from the Complexity Economics approach. Complexity Economics is an approach which comes from the complexity science. It has started to develop since 1980s' in Santa Fe Institute, the leading institution engaging in the research of complexity. In the thesis I mention the terms which are bound to Complexity Economics, for example emergence, the "bottom-up", self-organization, bounded rationality etc. The evolution of the markets, networks and nonlinear dynamics are included in Complexity Economics as well. Complexity Economics views an economy as a dynamical system which never reaches the equilibrium unlike the Traditional Economics approach which main focus is on the general equilibrium of the economy. Another difference would be the way of modelling economies in which Complexity Economics is leaving the unrealistic assumptions because it utilizes the agent-based simulations which enable to do that. In the thesis I also focus on the similarities between Austrian and Complexity Economics, for example the heterogeneity of the agents or the emergence of the price system. These and others similarities are then applied in the analysis of ABCT which serves as an example of demonstration that Austrian Economics could provide the theoretical framework for Complexity Economics which aspires to become a new paradigm in economics.
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The comparison of neoclasical and keynesian economics of unemployment
Vinterová, Michaela ; Janíčko, Martin (advisor)
Abstract The aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe in detail the main differences between neoclasical and keynesian theory of unemployment. The first part consists of essential premises of neoclasical theory (being represented mainly by its so called Cambridge School) and narrow desription of their approach to the problems of unemployment. Equally I focus on these premises and find out their consequences for the labour market. In the second part of my thesis, I similarly like in the first part describe the theory of unemployment elaborated by John Maynard Keynes, which could be, at least in general, found in his famous book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. I would like to aim on the fundamentals, which led Keynes to this theoretical approach and try to find out some of their consequences. In the last part, I am comparing the key determinants of both theories and putting forth their similarities and differences.
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