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Role komunitní sestry v péči o novorozence, kojence a matky
SCHÖNBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
The main purpose of the research was to explore the role of the community nurse in the care of newborns, infants and their mother and how this kind of care could be included in the current system of preventive care for newborns and infants in the Czech Republic. The research was developed by qualitative and quantitative design. In the first stage of the research, interviews with nurses from the PLDD outpatient department and mothers of infants in the South Bohemian and Pilsen Regions were conducted. Non-standardized questionnaires for nurses and mothers were created from the obtained data. The statistical processing was carried out with MS Excel, where absolute and relative frequencies were calculated and the relationships among the variables at the significance level ? = 0.05 were tested by the use of the chi-squared test and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. For the needs of the qualitative survey, a research group of six mothers of infants and seven nurses from the PLDD outpatient departments in the South Bohemian and Pilsen Regions was chosen by deliberate selection. For the quantitative survey, a research group of 254 mothers of babies aged 12-24 months was chosen by deliberate selection. The research group of nurses was chosen by deliberate selection and consisted of 196 nurses working in PLDD outpatient departments for more than one year. Multiparas have provably more information at leaving the maternity hospital about breastfeeding techniques, breast milk pumping, nappy changing, hygienic care and bathing, dressing, sleeping, umbilical cord care, and safe handling of the baby. Information about the prevention of sudden infant deaths or the storage of breast milk is at the same level for primiparas as for multiparas. It was found out that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness and the occurrence of problems in the first year of the child's life. The personal experience of nurses with the visiting service has an influence on whether they attach importance to this service. The current model of preventive care of newborns and babies needs to be critically analysed and appropriately complemented by interventions of the visiting service.
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Transcultural differences in the care for children´s patient
KOBZOVÁ, Andrea
Due to the higher migration rates, there is more cultural diffusion. The healthe care personnel will be dealing with patients from different cultures more often. This is why it is important to use an appropriate approach and give competent heathcare considering cultural backround of the patients. The goal of this thesis was to map the cultural differences in care for an underage patient and to trend the minority groups that are being cared for by nurses in the children's ward. To achieve the goal of this thesis, there were four specified questions and to achieve the result, there was a threephase trial, specifically qualitative trial supplemented with quantitative method using a questionnaire. The first phase was the pilot poll and a techniquire "snowball slamping" was used. The second phase of the trial consisted of pre-structured interviews with the nurses. The third phase consisted of pre-structured interviews with the parents. On the basis of this trial, it was concluded that the nurses are caring for Romany and Vietnamese minority groups most often. The other most patiens from Ukraine, Russia, Germany, Poland, Muslims and Jehova witnesses. The most common problems that occur during the care are: language barrier, cultural customs, communication and co-operation. Based on the data collected from interviews with nurses and parents, there are specific variations in expectency of care, such as food, daily regime, differences in behavour, communication, reliability to adhere to given rules and consequent care after the hospital stay. There are other different specifics such as rituals and traditions during child labour or at the time of death, celebration of different festivals, fasting and other spiritual needs. Traditions relating to refusal or demand of specific care were also mentioned. Results of this thesis were presented at the 13th Student conference in Pardubice and will be published in a technical journal.
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Early age pertussis - the role of a nurse in prevention and treatment.
DOUBKOVÁ, Pavlína
Abstract The aim of the thesis: To determine most common causes of pertussis in childhood is the aim of this submitted research thesis. It also describes the possibilities of child prevention from the point of view of nurses. The other aims are description the specifics of nursing care for children with pertussis. Five research questions have been defined in relations to these objectives. The way of achieving the aim: The qualitative research method was chosen to achieve the objectives of the thesis. This method was implemented through in-depth interviews. On the basis of identified research questions, individual categories have been formulated in order to get answers to individual questions. For selection of communication partners the method of intentional selection was chosen. Research was realized at Jihlava Hospital in Children's Department. Anonymous interviewing was attended by a total of 20 communication partners. All of them have a nursing education and have performed nursing care for a child with a pertussis disease. In-depth interviews with parents were carried out in General Practitioner for children and adoration. Anonymous survey were agreed by 7 parents whose children suffered from pertussis. Scientific benefits of the thesis: This research study deals with the current issue of pertussis as an omitted infection. The scientific results of the research are intended for both the lay and professional public. The research study presents a complex and comprehensive overview of nursing care for children with pertussis. It will find use in both preventive care and also in taking care of the patient directly on the bed. Part of the scientific thesis is application into practice. The lessons learned and conclusions: Diseases of pertussis are most at risk for newborns and infants, for whom their parents pose a significant threat of infection without the parents becoming aware of it. One of the main measures is to vaccinate not only children but also parents and close relatives who come to close contact with the newborn. Parents are often unaware of adult vaccination in the prevention of childhood illness. Nursing care for a child with pertussis disease has its specificities in that it is highly contagious illness and can endanger the life of the child.
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Home visiting service as the responsibilites of a nurse in the surgery of a pediatrician
KNEIFLOVÁ, Andrea
Abstract Paediatrics and neonatology have changed a lot. There has been big progress in perception of children's diseases, in their treatment and in the general attitude to children. Nowadays even premature babies at 24th week can be saved. The standard of surgical interventions has improved either- various defects, which used to be incompatible with life, can be eliminated. In my work I have focused on home care and community care, on the differences between them and what their aims are. Primary care has a big role there. Both healthy children and ill ones are provided with care by doctors who follow their psychomotoric development and the development of speech. Vaccination forms an integral part of this care as the prevention of infectious diseases. A doctor and a nurse form a good team,make balanced friendly atmosphere so that children and parents could feel safe and a good cooperation among medical staff, children and parents could undergo. It is important to know all the specifics of developmental periods children's lives and adapt attitude and actions to children. A nurse pays attention to changes and it is possible to prevent various developmentai defects. It is essential to know children's basic needs and their satisfaction in hospitals and pediatrician's surgery.These are not only physical needs but mental ones either. If children's needs are not satisfied their development can be influenced. A nurse's duties in a surgery are to make contact with children and their parents, to find all information about children, families, and environment, where children grow up. A nurse should manage both nursing and assistance in surgery, paperwork, keeping records, working of surgery in respects of its materials and operation. She should have aestetic sense of environment. Adequate communication with small and young patients and their parents is a must. A nurse should be professional. Nursing process is applied in paediatrician's surgery too. Getting information, setting aims, planning of nursing service and its evaluation. Basic children's needs are nutrition or diet, excretion and metabolism, aktivity and sleep, safety and protection, comfort and pain, growth and development. Nursing process is applied within visiting service in families. The origin of nursing service underwent its development when at first there were clubs, which took care of children and old ill people. At present home nursing fully covered by health insurance. Aims of the work The aim of this work was to find out if home nursing is performed and what its extent is, if mothers are aware of the service, what mothers' interest is and what care mothers want. Two questions have been chosen: What are the reasons of nurses' visits at homes? Why mothers make use of nurses' visiting service? Results Talks were rewritten and analysed with the method of open coding with help of a pen and paper. There were two research files- nurses and mothers. Considering nurses there were five categories: Reasons of home visiting service, Positive views on visiting service, Negative view on visiting service, Benefit of visiting service for a nurse and Performance of a nurse visiting service at home environment. Considering mothers there were three categories: Idea of visiting service from the point of view of mother, What are mothers interested in and Benefit of visiting service for a mother. Subcategories with codes were matched to all categories, which showed most frequent correspondence. All figures are recorded in transparent charts of named categories. From the research emerged that not all the nurses , who took part in the research, do visiting service due to large extent of the district, due to the use of devices and paperwork. Those who do it are from a small town or locality. All the nurses agree that they see the main benefit in their work in ambulatory care. Mothers, who took part in th
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The nursing care of newborns with Hyperbilirubinaemia
KUCHAŘOVÁ, Petra
This thesis is focused on the nursing care of newborns with neonatal jaundice. Given the focus of the work, the theoretical part describes the newborn, bilirubin, neonatal jaundice, its diagnosis, treatment, nursing care during hospitalization and neonatal care after discharge to home care. The research was conducted with nurses or midwives in the neonatal wards during the months of March and April 2018. A qualitative method was used to conduct the research section. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted after prior arrangement and with the approval of the head nurses. The interview contained 12 open questions. Data analysis was performed by hand coding, also called the pencil and paper method. Responses by individual respondents were identified by codes that were then categorized under different subcategories. As a supplementary method of research, observation was used. It contained 8 open questions and an observation sheet, all of which were done after prior agreement and consent of the mothers of newborns. One goal was set for this thesis: to map the nursing care of newborns with neonatal jaundice. Based on this goal, a research question focused on how midwives and pediatric nurses care for newborns with neonatal jaundice. The research showed that all respondents have an overview of the issue, and that the information they have is subsequently carried out into practice. The results of this research can serve as informative material for midwives and nurses who want to improve their care of newborns with neonatal jaundice, or who are currently preparing to work in this profession.
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Nursing care in pediatric primary care
HOTAŘOVÁ, Zdeňka
Child care is one of the most important tasks important for the health of entire population. Many social structures are involved in comprehensive child care. The family is an irreplaceable part of society. However, in the health sector, pediatric represents the basic part of childcare, as a field of development of an individual. The largest volume of health services represents ambulatory primary care, ie General practitioner for children and adolescents in cooperation with a nurse. The nurse organizes and manages nursing care in pediatrics, takes care of healthy and sick children, and focuses on cooperations with families of the children. The main of the thesis was to find out what is the content of nursing care provided by a nurse in primary pediatric care. Among other things, we were also interested in the staffing of GPs for children and adolescents area and, last but not least, the possibilities of further education of nurses in this area. Then we have put five research questions. We gained the necessary data for processing the empirical part of this thesis through a semi-structured interview. Altogether, 15 interviews with respondents from the South Bohemian Region were analyzed. From the research data we were able to answer research questions. The research showed that the dominant activities of the nurse's work in the general practitioner's office for children and adolescents are preventive examinations, vaccinations, education, documentation, and good office practice. In addition, we found out that nurses do not have nursing documentation, most nurses do not perform patient care at home and do not recommend vaccination against rotavirus infections. Both pediatric and pediatric nursing carers they rated as being of a good quality, compared to the world. However, what they do not like is the current nursing education. We believe that this thesis could be very useful as a study material for medical students and also for the general public, as an outline of the nurse's work contents in GPs for children and adolescents.
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The perfect nurse by the eyes of pediatric patiens and his parents
Bartoníčková, Daniela ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
Bachelor paper "The perfect nurse in the eyes of pediatric patients and their parents" deals with the evaluation of professional nurses from the perspective of how the youngest of patients, school children and adolescents and their parents perceive them. The paper is divided into two sections - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical section describes the meaning of the word ideal, enables a retrospective view of the past, and describes the present state of pediatric care. It also deals with the education and the competencies of nurses. A considerable emphasis is given to the evaluation of an ideal image of nurses, particularly their knowledge, their skills, their character, their communication skills, the education given to children and the parents of the children. In the empirical section objectives are set and a working hypothesis is proposed for the survey. The purpose of the empirical section is to obtain real data, through the use of questionnaires, for which then a primary analysis is conducted. The obtained results are used to help to find the ideal image of nurses and the ideal characteristics for nurses working on pediatric wards to reveal to what extent nurses fulfill this ideal.
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The roles of nurse in nursing care for a child with congenital cataracts
MEDVECOVÁ, Vladimíra
Current state: Congenital cataract is an ophthalmic disorder where the clouding of the lens causes defect in its transparency and light dispersion. The child experiences a visual impairment that can be examinated depending on the age and mental state of the child. The treatment is removal of the clouded lens, subsequent correction of dioptric defects and subsequent training and monitoring of amblyopia. Purpose: of this study was to describe the roles of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract and the specifics in nursing care in this condition, based on reviewed material. The following research problems were explored: What are the roles of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract? What are the specifics in nursing care of children with congenital cataract? Methods: In order to reach the goal set by this study we used qualitative data and study analysis. This study implements data sources from National Medical Library in Prague, the Academic Library of University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, the library of 2. LF UK and FN Motol in Prague and the library of National center of nursing and non-medical health providers in Brno. Moreover the study reviewed the material from bibliographic databases (Cochrane Library, Ebscohost, Medscape, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus) and online databases of medical associations of ophthalmology (The American Academy of Ophthalmology, The Royal College of Ophthalmologists). Results: The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive view on nursing care of children with congenital cataract. Conclusion: Even though the role of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract is rather neglected in current literature, it is crucial in all forms of healthcare. In conclusion we define the role of paediatric nurse in nursing care of children with congenital cataract and description of the specifics of this care.
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The role of nurses in community care for newborn.
BROŽÍKOVÁ, Radka
This diploma thesis examines the role of paediatric nurses caring for newborns in the community. It aims to determine if and how newborn care in the home environment takes place and the role of the paediatric nurse. The research is based on one of the primary objectives set out by the member states of the WHO to improve the health of the entire population in the twenty-first century with the focus on community care and its development. The theoretical part is dedicated to the definition of community care and its history in the Czech Republic. We initially focus on how childcare at home was provided in the past. This is followed by a description of the current situation regarding care of a newborn and the mother during the first weeks following birth, both here and abroad. We evaluate the role of the paediatric nurse in terms of nursing care for newborns and research the duties that the nurse carries out within the clinic, family, and community.We have set out two objectives and five research questions. The first objective was to identify nursing care problems encountered by mothers at home and how they solve these problems. The second objective was set out in order to explore how nurses become involved in the community care of a newborn. We have chosen a qualitative method for the research part of the thesis. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis and categorization of collected data was conducted. Two research sample groups were created in the first phase. The first consisted of mothers with newborns, i.e. children from birth to 28 days. The second group consisted of paediatric nurses who work in outpatient care with children and adolescents. The second phase of the research addressed paediatric nurses working in the neonatal clinic, which is run by the hospital's paediatric department. The result of our thesis is the finding that community care provided by the paediatric nurse in the field, in a natural environment and with the cooperation of the entire family and community, as defined, is almost nonexistent. The long-established system of primary care directs all nursing work into the surgeries of the paediatric practitioner, and only the first visit to the newborn, but not in all cases, is conducted at home. This system is insufficient to cover all the specifics of childcare. The needs of the newborns and their parents are becoming more urgent and in the first weeks following the birth the mothers only very slowly begin to gain healthy self-esteem and confidence in their maternal abilities, hence the need for an individual approach and help in the proper care of their baby. They feel there is a lack of information and they do not know how to deal with the needs of their newborn. The most problematic issue described is breastfeeding. The addressed nurses are of the same opinion and also consider breastfeeding as the most common focus of their intervention, and therefore, the most important part of their work.We have discovered that the skills and competencies of the paediatric nurses are sufficient to enable them to become a relevant element in the comprehensive care of newborns within the community. The interventions delivered by the nurse are fully integrated into paediatric nursing.The parents of newborns would, according to our survey, prefer a home visit from health professionals, particularly if it concerns the first contact with the baby and family. The out-patient care does not provide enough time and space to pursue common nursing issues, therefore, home visits are an essential part of the care that should be offered to the mother and baby. Community nurses would help to coordinate the services provided to families as well as help solve the nursing issues that mothers encounter in the first weeks of their child's life. A paediatric nurse would, therefore, become a partner to the parents in a joint effort to ensure the healthy development of their child.
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