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Asthma mixtum in prehospital emergency care
ZEZULÁKOVÁ, Michaela Anastázie
The theme of my bachelor thesis is Asthma mixtum in prehospital emergency care. In the theoretical part there is described the anatomy and physiology of the heart as well as anatomy and physiology of the air passages, so it is helpful for better understanding the issues of Asthma mixtum. Further chapters are focused on the definition of Emergency Medical Services, on the outgoing sections and their composition as well as on the rescuer worker and his necessary education and skills. Following chapter describes the clinical feature and pathophysiology Cardiac asthma, its causes and diagnosis, first aid, treatment and complications of the disease in the prehospital emergency care. In the next chapter, it is described asthma, clinical scene and pathophysiology of this disease. It is followed by its diagnosis, symptoms, first aid, treatment and complications in the prehospital emergency care. The last chapter of the theoretical part is concentrated on the mixtum asthma, the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment in the prehospital emergency care. The practical part was conducted by using qualitative research. There were used structured direct interviews with rescuer workers and nurses working at the Emergency Medical Services of the South Region. The interviews consisted 17 questions, which were focused on knowledge from the field of asthma mixtum. The interviews are transcribed in the practical part and the answers are prepared for clarity in the chartes. It was showed in the survey that rescuer workers and nurses working at the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region have theoretical knowledge from the field of asthma mixtum and that they know how to proceed with this disease at the point of action.
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Use of inhalation systems with asthma in connection with nursing
KLEINOVÁ, Irena
Asthma bronchiale is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, connected to bronchial hyperactivity leading to shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness and cough. It effects people of all age categories and cannot be efficiently cured nor prevented. The incidence ranks this disease among the most common children´s chronic diseases. It affects a significant part of the global population - records say about 300 million people. Its prevalence has dramatically increased over the last 20 years. It is estimated that in 2025 about 400 million people will suffer from asthma. Cornerstones of asthma control are based on early diagnostics, efficient treatment, adherence to lifestyle changes and proper use of inhalation devices. Once the treatment is effective and check-ups and the use of inhalation therapy are regular, the prognosis of asthma is very favourable and it is possible to improve the patient´s quality of life. The control over asthma and its maintenance is the main objective of treatment. This can be achieved by using anti-inflammatory therapy, especially in inhalation form. This Bachelor´s thesis focuses on mapping inhalation systems with patients with asthma bronchiale. To a large extent it deals with the issue of use of inhalation systems, keeping to lifestyle changes and the role of the nurse in asthma-specialized outpatient´s departments. We see the relevance of this topic in the fact that, despite all available literature and medical advice, many asthmatics still make mistakes in the inhalation technique. Wrongly selected inhalation systems or wrongly selected inhalation techniques results in therapeutic failures and problems of patients get worse. This does not maintain control over asthma. The fact that many asthmatics do not know their exact diagnosis and underestimate some symptoms is very alarming. In the introduction, the theoretical part focuses on the definition of the disease. Other chapters include causes and symptoms of asthma, its classification, diagnostics and treatment. It also provides information about the treatment of acute asthma attacks - exacerbation and the role of the nurse in examination of an asthmatic patient. A great part of the thesis deals with inhalation systems, their types and effects. The preparation for the use of manual handheld inhalers and nursing care for the asthmatic patient in outpatient and inpatient care is developed at the end of the theoretical part. The objective of this part was to summarize the current knowledge about this issue. The objective of the Bachelor´s thesis was to map the use of inhalation systems in patients with asthma bronchiale. The following research questions were used: How do nurses inform patients about the use of inhalation systems? What type of inhaler do patients like? What is the nurse´s involvement in the examination of asthmatic patients? What are the most common mistakes in the application with an inhaler? How do asthmatics keep to lifestyle changes? The practical part of the thesis contains the results of qualitative research which was made on the basis of the semi-structured interview. Final interviews were transcribed and subsequently processed by the technique of open coding. The research sample was made of 12 asthmatics and 9 nurses working in selected asthma-specialized outpatient´s departments. With respect to the results found, an information brochure was created - see Annex 7 - which is intended for use by asthmatics. We believe that the results of this thesis will be helpful for asthmatics and increase the interest of experts in this issue and will also address other people willing to take part in its solution.
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Prehospital emergency care for children with acute suffocation
VETÝŠKOVÁ, Petra
Bachelor thesis is prehospital emergency care for children with acute asphyxia. It discusses the treatment of children in prehospital care, whereby it becomes specific because care of children and adults is not always identical. Acute asphyxia is a very unpleasant condition, which requires expert intervention as fast as possible. Without help the patient's life can be threatened by loss of consciousness with shortness of breath. The theoretical section of the thesis deals initially with a concise outline of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, specifics of treatment of patients between the ages 0 to 18 years, at which the childhood is defined, and the subsequently described principle of correct communication with children and methods in the treatment of a child. The theoretical section of the thesis chiefly delineates the causes of acute asphyxia in children. The individual illnesses and injuries, which can affect children up to the age of 18, are characterized as inhalation breathlessness or expiration breathlessness. Illnesses mentioned in this thesis are acute tracheitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitida, allergic swelling, acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis and bronchial asthma. Injury is the inhalation of a foreign object. For individual illnesses, the causes, symptoms and prehospital emergency care, often diagnostics and first aid too, are described. The final chapter of the theoretical section concerns itself with emergency resuscitation of children. This bachelor thesis has three aims: to graph the frequency of occurrences of acute asphyxia in children in emergency service responses, to graph the causes of acute asphyxia in children in emergency service responses and to graph the awareness of paramedics of the correct provision of prehospital emergency care for children with acute asphyxia. The practical section of the thesis is divided into two sections. The data obtained in the first and second sections was evaluated and for improved transparency transcribed into tables and graphs, which were verbally described. Their evaluation corresponded to each research question. The frequency of occurrence of acute asphyxia in children in emergency medical service responses of the Southern Bohemian Emergency Services from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2013 included is 598 responses. It was ascertained that the frequency of occurrences has grown every year. The most common causes of occurrences of acute asphyxia in children in the responses from Emergency Medical Service of South Bohemia are acute inflammation of the larynx (acute laryngitis) and breathlessness (dyspnea). Further causes dealt with by emergency responses were for example foreign objects in a respiratory organ or respiratory failure. The results of the survey by questionnaire were evaluated too. The questionnaire survey method was then graphed so that the paramedics had sufficient knowledge about the provision of prehosptial emergency care of children with acute asphyxia. The data obtained and processed in the research section of the bachelor thesis bears witness to the fact that acute asphyxia in children in the emergency responses of the Emergency Medical Service of South Bohemia occur and the number of these responses is growing. Therefore, it is important to have information on the causes of acute asphyxia in children, to know the nature and symptoms of individual illnesses and injuries and above all to have information on the provision of prehospital emergency care of underage patients with this problem. It is then on the spot that the paramedics from the Southern Bohemian Emergency Services would have the optimal awareness about the provision of prehospital emergency care of children with acute asphyxia.
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Difficult to treat asthma in adults from the nurse´s point view
LAHODOVÁ, Danka
Summary The quality of life of patients with bronchial asthma is influenced by severe everyday difficulties, including nocturnal symptoms, limitation of physical activities or a more frequent hospitalization. Therefore, it is necessary that the medical staff take special care and individual approach to the patients with difficult treatable asthma. Objective 1: Find out limitations in customary daily activities of the patients with severe asthma. Patients stated that they are restricted in their customary daily activities including sport activities. Objective 2: Find out the nurse?s participation in the care for asthmatics. The objective was achieved; the nurse takes part in the care of patients with difficult treatable asthma from the first visit in the ambulance. She makes the first contact with patients, assists the doctors, takes examination material, carries out certain examinations or helps out with them and takes part in the nursing care. Objective 3: Find out the role of a nurse during biological treatment of patients with difficult treatable asthma. Essential is to make a relationship between the nurse and the patient, to educate the patient, to reeducate him and to provide nursing care. According to these objectives we have put three research questions. The first question is: ?In what customary daily activities is the patient with asthma restricted?? During the research interviews we discovered that the most difficult period for the patients was, when they had to leave their jobs because of the disease. Furthermore, clients stated that they handle daily activities at their own pace and it always depends on their current health. Patients try to keep their condition by doing leisure sport activities. The second question is ?How does the nurse engage family in the care of an asthmatic?? From the interviews we found out that family engages in the care when breathing problems occur and the patient is not able to deal with it on his own. Family ensures the feeling of patient?s safety. The nurse provides family with information on how to avoid asthmatic fits, how to help during the fit and where to find this information. Patients with difficult treatable asthma and their families have to be provided with appropriate information. It results from our research that family accompanies the patient very rarely during the visits in the ambulance for the treatment of difficult treatable asthma, only in case of health impairment. Clients visit the ambulance mostly on their own without any companions. Question 3 is ?What is the nurse?s role during the biological treatment of the patient with difficult treatable asthma?? We discovered that nurse?s role starts with educating the patient in order to abide by the rules of treatment regime and with assessing individual needs of the patient. She teaches him how to change the behavior due to the disease, responsibility for his health and helps him to deal with limitation which the disease brings. Moreover, the nurse is the bearer of the nursing care, applies the biological treatment. It is important to gain trust and build cooperation with the patient.
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Benefits and Effects of Integral Yoga Breathing Exercises at Asthmatics
KŘESŤAN, Tomáš
In my bachelor thesis I deal with advantages of Integral Yoga respiratory exercises for asthmatics. In the theoretical part was a literary compilation of available sources releated to the topic in progress. The theme is very extensive and I tried to select important informations. The research section describes methodology of searching. The method of Válková (2000) Projective techniques of incomplete sentences is used. There is also used a questionnaire of our own design (Krejčí, Křesťan, 2010). Based on the research the intervention program was compiled, its full version is published in the appendix. After intervention program was held again the questionnaire. In the results is a comparation of input and output reactions of participants. Participants had also opportunity to open statements. On the base of intervention program the frequency of asthma symptoms decreased. Yoga respiratory exercises should be recommended to all asthmatics.
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Children´s bronchial asthma and its health social impact
JANDOVÁ, Martina
Asthma bronchiale is a common disease that affects a considerable part of population worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease of children, which represents a significant medical, social, and economic burdens, both for child affected by the disease and his/her family, and for the society as a whole. The consequences include absenteeism of children at school and parents due to necessary care of child as well as direct costs connected with therapy and preventative care. Thesis objective: The objective of my bachelor's thesis was to identify particular impacts of the disease, asthma bronchiale, upon family of a child suffering from this disease in the preschool and younger school age categories and to identify the level of information parents have about disease of their child. Hypotheses: 1) Parents have sufficient information about disease of their child. 2) Asthma bronchiale influences adversely the psychosocial situation of a child and his/her family Quantitative research approach was selected to verify the hypotheses. Data collection was performed using questionnaires handed out in pneumologist's and allergologist's office in Jindřichův Hradec. The questionnaire included 41 questions focusing on the mental and sociomedical aspects of asthma bronchiale. The target group for the questionnaire research comprised mothers, whose children are registered with these offices. The final set included 61 persons. Data collection: Results of this bachelor's thesis indicate that asthma bronchiale has a significant impact on the family from the medical, mental, economic, and social points of view. The objective of this thesis has been achieved. Results of the research performed indicate that hypotheses 1 and 2 were confirmed. Conclusion: We should be aware that asthma bronchiale is very common child's disease and it is a chronic disease with long-term risks that must not be underestimated. In the last fifty years, the prevalence of children suffering from asthma bronchiale has been on the rise constantly. Thus, an early diagnosis and a timely therapy have a positive influence upon reduction of the sickness rate, mortality, they improve the quality of life, reduce the economic costs and social burdens of patients and their families.
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A View of Asthma Bronchiale-Psychosocial Problems
VACKOVÁ, Sabina
I chose as the theme of my bachalor´s work in order to outline the influence of this illness on psychosocial feelings of patients.I pose a question in my work whether care for patients is fully understood and sufficient from the psychosocial point of view.My profession is a nurse and I meet and help people suffering from this illness quite often.While talking with them,I found out that their troubles were often of psychosocial character and resulted from lack of information about their illness.A majority of patients did not cope with the fact that asthma is a chronic illness and will accompany them all their lives.Asthma interferes not only in the life of a particular patient,but above all in the lives of his family members.Support and help on the part of the family is important for the patient to accept his illness and to learn to live with it.Asthma in alll age groups has adverse consequences in the social area too.In chidren,it reduces the chance to fit in with a children´s collective and increases absence from school,later it limits freedom in choosing a career and decreases chances to assert oneself both in the personal and social area. the extent of information provided by health workers has a great influence on the correctly conducted treatment and preventing complications.Nowadays,the picture of asthma in changing a great deal as further modern,even more effective medicaments and their combinations are launched.The transfer of a certain part of responsibility to the patient himself requires,of course,more information and knowledge on his part.For experts this not only means a necessity to train themselves constantly and to follow the development of science and research,but also to ensure a permanent supply of fresh information to the patient.
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Nursing of the patient with asthma bronchiále
STEJSKALOVÁ, Alena
This Bachelor thesis deals with the asthma bronchiale which is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper air passages connected with their structure changes. This disease afflicts all age categories and its occurrence is increasing worldwide. The theoretical part of the work describes causes, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment of the disease and education. A part of the work is devoted to the role of the nurse and to needs of clients suffering from asthma. The advantage of the disease is the fact that its development is possible to be influenced to a large extent by early diagnosis, by proper treatment and by following regime precautions. Therefore clients suffering from asthma need not only a lot of quality information about the disease and its treatment, but also proper education in the field of inhalation techniques and regime precautions. On the other hand the nurse who has good knowledge of specific needs of a client suffering from asthma bronchiale can help him a lot in the course of her nursing. The aim of the Bachelor work was to find out if the clients suffering from asthma bronchiale have some specific needs and on the basis of the research results to prepare information brochure for the clients with this disease. The research questions were answered by means of the qualitative research using the form of the semi-structured interview which was elaborated into casuistry. The essential data are written in the categorizing charts. The research set consisted of eight respondents suffering from asthma bronchiale. Results of this Bachelor work show that the clients have enough information and they get them particularly from their doctor and from the Internet. Nurses do not provide patients with information quite a lot. The found out specific needs can help the nurse to understand problems of this disease better and to improve the nursing process. As a result of this research there was compiled an information brochure which can provide both the asthmatics and the general public with the most important information. This work can be a good source of information not only for clients suffering from asthma bronchiale but also for medical students and for nurses.
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Rehabilitation of patients with asthma bronchiale
NOVÁK, Lukáš
The topic of my thesis is the recovery of patients suffering from bronchial asthma. Asthma Bronchial (next asthma) is one of the most frequented civilisation diseases the prevalence of which has been increasing dramatically in the last 20 years. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory tract, which may appear at any age. The four major symptoms of asthma are whistling breath, shortness of breath, cough and tightness in the chest. Physiotherapy enables considerably a complex treatment of patients suffering from asthma. The complex treatment program takes into consideration the breathing and moving abilities of the patient, primarily the current state of his or her deep stabilisation system. The theoretical part of my thesis is focussed on a general description of asthma and its possible treatments, in terms of physiotherapy. The main aim of my thesis is to set up and practise a physiotherapeutic program in order to mitigate the asthma symptoms. The particular set-ups are focused on the respiratory and motion physiotherapy respecting their individual needs. The practical part of my thesis is based on a quantitative survey made by a semi-structured interview focussed on revealing the patient history, direct observation (examining the patient and realising the rehabilitation program). The survey was made within a group of three patients of a different sex and age undergoing the treatment in Luhačovice Spa, as well as one patient of a pre-school age treated in her home environment. The premises of a successful treatment following the rehabilitation scheme reflect an individual attitude to patients and their active participation in the recommended exercising and physiotherapeutic activities in their free time. My thesis can be used as a brief asthma bronchial outline for the public and for study purposes of future physiotherapists.
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Quality of life of children with chronic diseases - asthma
VANČUROVÁ, Alena
In my thesis I focused on the issue of children aged from 12 to 19 suffering from asthma bronchiale. I described the distribution, characteristic and cure of the disease. I wrote about the pharmacoeconomical aspects of the disease and about the education of children by their doctors. My first hypothesis was that children suffering from asthma bronchiale live lives of lower quality than children without asthma. I wanted to find out to which extent asthma limits the sufferers and compared that with ?healthy? peers. I wanted to find out whether the sufferers are significantly restricted in their free-time activities (sport, etc.) by the disease, if they miss a lot of subject matter at school and if the disease negatively affects their school results. I also wanted to find out about the mental state of the juvenile asthma sufferers, whether they keep the prescribed drug dosage and if the drug dosage suits them. My second hypothesis was that parents of children suffering from asthma bronchiale are worried more about their children than parents of ?healthy? children. In my work I used the method of questioning and I myself created my questionnaire. There is a table at the end of my questionnaire which is used for assessing the quality of life. The table is also completed with VAS (Visual Analogous Scale) where the respondent identifies the level of satisfaction with their life on an abscissa. This method is called SEIQoL (The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life).
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