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Structural and functional characterization of inhibition of a coronaviral methyltransferase.
Ivanovská, Dana ; Bouřa, Evžen (advisor) ; Faltová, Lenka (referee)
Coronaviral methyltransferases participate in the modification of the 5'-end of viral RNA. Their enzymatic activity not only ensures efficient mRNA translation, but also allows the virus to escape the recognition of the innate immune system. This work is focused on the SARS-CoV- 2 methyltransferases (the methyltransferase domain of the nonstructural protein 14, MT14, the nonstructural protein 16 and its cofactor - the nonstructural protein 10, nsp16/10), which represent attractive molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this work was to structurally characterize the coronaviral methyltransferases in complex with various small molecules. The recombinantly prepared proteins were purified and subsequently subjected to crystallization trials. The obtained crystals of the nsp16/10 heterodimer in complex with sinefungin were soaked in a solution containing a S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine analogue. Crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography of MT14 in complex with two different inhibitors were obtained by optimizing the identified primary crystallization conditions. The aquired structural data of the MT14 inhibitory complexes will serve as a basis for the design of new small molecule inhibitors targeting the S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding site. Keywords: methyltransferase, nsp14, nsp16,...
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Prevention of burnout syndrome among emergency service workers
DANIELOVÁ, Barbora
The thesis is focused on the prevention of burnout syndrome in the IRS workers. This thesis was prepared in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which hit the Czech Republic in 2020, and due to the pandemic situation, including extraordinary governmental measures, integrated rescue system workers were exposed to a great psychological, but also physical load. In the theoretical part of this thesis, the integrated rescue system was briefly described, but also the stress that contributes to the development of burnout syndrome in the long term. Subsequently, the theoretical part described the burnout syndrome and its phases. Furthermore, the symptoms of burnout syndrome, risk factors or treatment were presented. An indispensable part,without which this thesis could not be complete, is the section devoted to the prevention of burnout syndrome. The main objective of this thesis was to list the factors that contribute to the development of burnout syndrome including preventive measures that reduce the likelihood of burnout syndrome. The topic of prevention of burnout syndrome was focused only on the personnel of basic units of the IZS. To achieve the stated aim of this thesis, a custom questionnaire was constructed and used in the survey. The practical part of this thesis deals with the prevention of burnout syndrome in the workers of basic units of the IZS. The questionnaire that was constructed contains twenty-four questions, fourteen of which are related to the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and also intertwined with the prevention of this syndrome. From the analysis of the questionnaire survey, it was found that the prevention of burnout syndrome is neglected among the integrated rescue system workers in the Czech Republic. On the basis of subjective answers of the personnel of basic units of the IZS it was found that they may be more at risk of developing burnout syndrome due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Since no official diagnostic questionnaire was used, I would have welcomed the involvement of some erudite social psychology personnel on this issue. From the resulting findings included in this thesis, a recommendation for practice has been developed, which includes five practices that, if applied, could improve the current state of the art in the prevention of the syndrome in future integrated rescue workers.
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High-flow centers and places to ensure the protection of the population, armed forces and armed security forces.
DLOUHÝ, Aleš
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of selected parameters of high-flow centers and places to ensure the protection of the population, the armed forces and the armed security forces. The aim of the work was to find out whether the operation of the high-flow vaccination center in Strakonice is more logistically demanding than the operation of the reception center from the emergency planning zone of the town of Písek and the mobilization center set up at the 4312 Strakonice military unit. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, while the theoretical part consists of three comprehensive chapters. The first chapter addresses coronaviruses, the SARS Cov-2 pandemic and the establishment of vaccination centers. The second part is devoted to the protection of the population in connection with the Temelín nuclear power plant and the reception centers of evacuees from the emergency planning zone of the Temelín nuclear power plant. The final chapter deals with the mobilization of the Army of the Czech Republic, the military unit in Strakonice and the established mobilization center.
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Methodology of the medical operating center during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
ČÍHAL, Marek
This bachelor's thesis was focused on the methodology of the medical operating center during the pandemic Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It examined how the methodology of the medical operating center dispatchers have changed and also mapped the experience of emergency medical service departures in passing information obtained from patients to the emergency line. Although the disease caused by the virus is on the decline at this time, it is still a current global threat that should not be underestimated. The thesis describes both Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) and the methodology of dispatchers of the medical operating centers. The aim of the research was to map the procedures of the dispatchers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to map the experience of paramedics with the evaluation of the emergency call through themedical emergency dispatch centers for patients with epidemiological criteria of suspected COVID 19. A qualitative type of research was chosen. It was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Ten dispatchers and ten paramedics answered pre-prepared questions. These questions dealt mainly with the evaluated epidemiological criteria, the change in the methodology of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the satisfaction of paramedics with the information provided. The research showed that not all dispatchers od medical operating centers proceed in the collection and evaluation of epidemiological criteria uniformly, but at the same time they are aware of current recommended practices and largely follow them, except for small deviations. At the same time, interviews with crew members showed that although they are not 100 % satisfied with the way the information is passed on to them, they value the work of their colleagues from medical operating center and consider it, given the current situation, more than sufficient.
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Impact of mental well-being of the nurses at selected wards during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the impact on the quality of care
VÁVROVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis examines the impact of mental well-being of nurses in selected wards during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the impact on quality of care. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the health and lives of millions of people worldwide. The burden was particularly high for frontline nurses who provided care to patients with SARS CoV 2 disease. Long-term psychological strain can cause nurses to make mistakes and reduce the quality of nursing care. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the characterization of SARS-CoV-2 disease, the development of the pandemic and risk factors. It also focuses on job performance of nurses during the pandemic and its impact on their mental health. Furthermore, the thesis deals with risk management of healthcare facilities, communication and management of adverse events in healthcare, and especially quality management in nursing during SARS-CoV-2. The practical part of the Bachelor's thesis is based on a qualitative research investigation, which was conducted using a semi-structured interview technique. A total of 10 nurses who worked in the so-called covid unit were interviewed. The practical part includes the establishment of four objectives. The first objective was to map the nurses' personal experience of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The second objective was to explore the prevalence of mental health problems among nurses during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The third objective was to take a closer look at the challenges of the nursing profession during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from the nurses' subjective perspective. The last objective was to pin down the extent of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the quality of nursing care from the subjective perspective of nurses. The research data show that SARS-CoV-2 disease itself causes the greatest stress. The nurses asked perceived stress and emotional exhaustion very intensely during the pandemic. The support from their loved ones, family, friends or ward colleagues played a major role in their lives. The nurses considered the impact of the pandemic to be a new experience of caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease and an art of adapting to change. Good communication and collaboration with supervisors are important to ensure quality care for patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease. The interview revealed that the nurses experienced a lack of support from their supervisors during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The research data include unexpected insights into the good teamwork that all nurses agreed on. Regarding the quality of nursing care, uncertainty in disease progression was found to be the greatest complication, but the nurses asked differred in their view on a deterioration in the quality of nursing care. This undergraduate thesis is meant to contribute to the research on the mental health of nurses working with SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, and to offer a simplified overview study of the impact of quality of nursing care during the pandemic. This work offers nurses a resource summarising all relevant information on the impact of well-being on the quality of health care.
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Laboratory diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 at Strakonice Hospital in 2020/21
SOKOLOVÁ, Eliška
In December 2019, a new type of beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in China causing COVID-19. The gold standard of laboratory diagnostics is real-time RT-PCR. Antigen testing is another alternative for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2. From January to February 2021, the reliability of antigen tests from Abbott was verified by real-time RT-PCR. Out of the 48 antigen-positive samples, only one patient was tested PCR negative. At the same time, 80 consecutive samples from symptomatic patients at Nemocnice Strakonice, a.s. were examined by PCR, which were tested negative by the antigen tests. Among these samples, 16 were tested PCR positive. The statistics of PCR tests performed in the Central Laboratories of the Nemocnice Strakonice, a.s. in 2020/21 was elaborated. During this period, 78,222 samples were examined, of which 17,622 had a positive result. The most critical pandemic period was considered spring 2021, when all samples' positivity amounted to 45,8 %. An interesting fact was the high level of positivity in the category 60+. Contrary to the spring wave in 2021 - in autumn 2021, a high positivity was appeared in the category of children under 15 years old, who had been tested minimally until that time. Real-time RT-PCR is a time-consuming and costly method, which requires a qualified laboratory staff. On the contrary, antigen tests are a quick and easy alternative to direct detecting SARS-CoV-2. In the POCT mode, high-quality antigen tests are a reliable alternative, primarily for symptomatic individuals. Nevertheless, it is advised to confirm negative antigen results using PCR to prevent a false-negative antigen reaction.
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The Epidemic of SARS-COV-2 and its Influence on the Social Services in the Southbohemian Region
BOUŠKOVÁ, Naděžda
This bachelor thesis deals with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and encroachments and changes, that the pandemic caused in the social services and which the workers in the social services had to face. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze these changes and their impact on the workers in the field of social services. To conduct such analysis, qualitative method of research using half-structured interviews was applied. All data collected during individual interviews were then assessed and divided into 9 categories. The conducted research proved, that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had two major impacts on the professional and private lives of the employees working in the social services. The workers had to deal with physically demanding situations, but especially with constant stress and permanent fear for the health of their own, their relatives and friends, and also of the recipients The main significance of this thesis lies especially in the fact, that the object of analysis was a social group taking care of the most vulnerable people in these unprecedented times. The outcomes of the thesis may contribute to further research in the field of stress load on the psyche of employees, especially long-lasting work and stress load may take its toll in the following weeks and months. The outcomes may also become a stimulus for employers in social services to prepare programmes to help the employees with physical and psychological regeneration.
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Methods for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 virus
HELMICHOVÁ, Eva
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of SARS-CoV-2 virus diagnostics. It is an RNA coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It was discovered in late 2019 in China and then the disease spread around the world. This disease is manifested by severe cough, loss of taste and smell. In worse cases, it manifests as pneumonia.Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus is performed using PCR assays, antigenic assays, and antibody assays. Examination with antigenic tests is intended for rapid screening for the presence of the virus. The test for the detection of antibodies is suitable for verifying the disease, or we find out the effectiveness of vaccination and resistance to it. These samples are obtained by swabbing the nasopharynx, mouth from saliva or blood. Sampling should be correct and thorough for SARS-CoV-2 virus analysis.The PCR method is considered to be the most reliable method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 virus. The method allows us to detect the virus on the basis of known sequences and, using suitable primers, the individual variants of the viruses are distinguished. Morphology, diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 virus and PCR methodology with precise primer design for SARS-CoV-2 detection are presented in this work. Using software a comparison of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in a given mutated region and selected sites in which they differ from each other is performed.
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Examination and imaging procedures in pneumology from the point of view of a radiographer
VÁVROVÁ, Hedvika
The Bachelor thesis discusses whether SARS-CoV-2 significantly affected the number of lung X-ray and CT scans. The aims of this thesis were "Statistical processing of lung X-ray and CT lung examination data in the X-ray department of the Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. in terms of time distribution over a period of 5 years." and "Analysis of examination and imaging methods in pneumology." In the theoretical part, an overview of the anatomy of the respiratory system was given. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 and its effect on the lungs were described. Finally, examination and imaging techniques in pneumology were explained. When the anatomy of the respiratory system was compared with the examination and imaging procedures, objective 2 was found to have been met. The aim of the research part was the statistical processing of the data of lung X-ray scans and lung CT examinations in the X-ray department of the Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. over a period of 5 years. Also, the research focused on an analysis of examination and imaging methods in pneumology. There were three initial hypotheses as follows: "Monthly numbers of X-ray examinations will have a theoretical distribution close to the normal distribution", "Monthly numbers of CT examinations will have a theoretical distribution close to the normal distribution", "Monthly numbers of X-ray and CT examinations are positively correlated". Statistical investigation was used to confirm or refute the stated hypotheses using basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. Based on the results, hypotheses H1 and H2 were confirmed, while hypothesis H3 can be confirmed with time. As a result, objective 1 can be considered fulfilled. The insights gained from this work may be of assistance to follow-up studies. Further research could investigate SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on lung imaging and testing in 2021 and 2022. X-ray and CT scans of the lung in these years would likely fail to test for normality.
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