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Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistics Victimology)
Levina, Anastasija ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Law Anastasija Levina Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistics Victimology) Diploma thesis Abstract The Supervisor of Diploma thesis: Prof. JUDr. Jan Musil, CSc. Department of Criminal Law Date of elaboration of Diploma thesis (closing the manuscript): 03. 05. 2023 Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims (Criminalistics Victimology) Abstract This diploma thesis addresses the issue of Criminalistics Victimology, in other words Criminalistics Study of Crime Victims. It provides a brief insight into what victimology and criminalistic victimology is; whether (and how) we can determine who is a potential victim and what factors increase this risk; what types of victims there are and what is the difference between thw victim described in the Act on Victims of Crime and in Criminal Procedure Code. It also discusses purely legislative regulation. In the context of the Czech Republic, it conducts a historical excursus about how it was regulated before the adoption of Act No. 45/2013 Coll., on Victims of Crime, and gives an insight into the systematics of this Act and what it regulates. It provides information on the most important regulations governing the position of the victim in the international field. This thesis also provides insight into the analogous legislation of...
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High - school bullying
FRIEDLOVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor thesis deals with bullying in secondary schools and its issues. My thesis focuses on the knowledge of high school students regarding bullying and also prevention. The first part of my bachelor thesis is theoretical. The theoretical part is dedicated to bullying, where bullying is described as a concept, then the stages of bullying and its forms are described. In the next chapter I define who is a participant of bullying, as a victim and aggressor, what are the consequences of bullying for the participants. I also deal with prevention. In the second part I describe my own research. The aim of my bachelor's thesis was to describe how high school students perceive the issue of bullying, then the sub-objectives were to find out what the manifestations of bullying are according to the students, whether they know any prevention programs and what knowledge they have about bullying. Qualitative research was chosen to meet the objective. The research method is questioning, and the technique is semi-structured interview with nine communication partners. Open coding method was used to evaluate the data that was collected during the research. In order to achieve the predetermined objectives, I used four research questions: What knowledge about bullying do high school students have?; What are the manifestations of bullying according to high school students?; What anti-bullying programs do high school students know?; Have high school students ever encountered bullying? The research showed that students know what bullying means and how it manifests itself. Students have an overview of what forms bullying takes. Some students have personally experienced bullying as witnesses. Students have mostly encountered prevention programmes in school lectures. For most students, prevention is provided in their schools and bullying does not occur.
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The importance of forgiveness in the field of interpersonal relationships
PAVLIŠOVÁ, Michala
The diploma thesis deals with the meaning of forgiveness and restorative social processes. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the concept of forgiveness in various professional discourses and social work. The The diploma thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the concept of forgiveness from a theological point of view. The second chapter deals with the concept of forgiveness in ethical-philosophical, psychological and pedagogical discourse. The third chapter focuses on perpetrators and victims of crimes, how it is possible to work with them within the framework of social work. How is it possible to achieve forgiveness and reconciliation by connecting everyone who has been affected by criminal activity, therefore perpetrators, victims but also the whole society.
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Problems with bullying towards people with mental disabilities
ČEDÍKOVÁ, Aneta
The bachelor thesis focuses on bullying of people with intellectual disabilities. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical part. At the beginning it is stated what mental disability is, then what is its division. There is also a separate section on bullying, where bullying prevention, bullying division or its solution are also mentioned. The last part of the thesis is focused on research, through interviews with people with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the work was to find out the experiences of mentally disabled people with bullying. It is determined that mentally handicapped people are informed about bullying and what their options are, who they can turn to in case of bullying. Research shows that people with disabilities do suffer from bullying. The results of my research can be used by teachers, educators and parents of mentally disabled people. My work could help solve bullying problems by showing which problems to focus on and how to solve them. I chose the qualitative research methods for collecting and analysis of data.
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The socioeconomic implications of human trafficking in Ghana
Yorke, Isaac Elliot
Background: Globalization has prompted the decrease and fading of boundaries among nations, thus facilitating the movement of merchandise, administrations, assets, and work. This has escalated transnational violations, for example, human trafficking. Human trafficking has predominantly been based on forced labour, sex work, organ harvesting, and other heinous acts. Prior to international drug smuggling, it has been one of the most lucrative transnational crimes. The continent of Africa is home to a significant fraction of the world’s youth population whose economies are unable to absorb the majority into an active workforce. Thus, this may have an impact on the prevalence of people trafficking in African civilizations. Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria, Gabon, Ghana, Benin, Guinea-Bissau, and Togo are the main human trafficking hotspots, with women and young people being the most susceptible. Objective: The study's objective is to examine the socioeconomic implications of human trafficking in Ghana, with a focus on the Ashanti region's Asokore Mampong district. Method: Using a qualitative cross-sectional approach, the study was carried out in the Ashanti region of Ghana's Asokore Mampong municipal district. The study relied on primary data sources from 42 police and immigration services and the vision organizations in the Asokore Mampong municipality. Interviews were also collected from four families with relatives who have been previous victims of human trafficking. The purposive sampling technique was employed to draft specific respondents who were then interviewed. The snowballing method was used to select families with human trafficking victims. A qualitative procedure was utilized to break down the information using Atlas. ti software. A descriptive method of data analysis was employed in the information presented after the data analysis. Results: The study found that some of the socioeconomic effects of human trafficking in the municipality included loss of income, feeling of embarrassment, property, missing or deceased relatives, and debt. According to the survey, child trafficking and domestic slavery of women in the Gulf States account for 40% and 60%, respectively, of the incidents of human trafficking in the Asokore Mampong municipal region. The primary challenges in the battle against human trafficking among the institutions include the absence or limited logistics for operations, inadequate funds, and insufficient staffing among the police and immigration services. Conclusion: The study has shown that human trafficking is prevalent in the Asokore Mampong municipality. However, the security institutions in the municipality are less equipped to tackle cases of trafficking Keywords: child labour, crime, Gulf state, Human trafficking, migration, socioeconomic, victim,
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Child as a victim of sexual crimes
Telska, Rosalie ; Čírtková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Mulák, Jiří (referee)
Child as a victim of sexual crimes Abstract Child sexual abuse is a very serious issue on a global scale. Although child abuse is gradually being de-tabooed and has more space, there is still a significant amount of people in our society who believe that this problem should be looked at as a personal matter of each family to be resolved on their own. Precisely this opinion is the factor that does not allow children to reach the support they so desperately require and reduces the likelihood of detecting the criminal activity and punishing the perpetrator. It is therefore essential for appropriate education to be offered to our population containing enlightenment on the issue of sexual abuse of children and the specific features that are typical for this type of criminality. Children are much more vulnerable as victims than adults. It emerges from their physical and psychological prerequisites. They are smaller and weaker. Their psyche is not yet fully developed, so they are more impressionable, trusting, submissive and open. At the same time, they do not yet possess fully developed complex thinking to enable them to thoughtfully gauge. And their weakest point is their utter dependence on adults. The child is fully reliant on his adult environment, not only in the aspect of material security such as shelter,...
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Assistence to victims of crime
TOURKOVÁ, Jana
Committing a crime always means a big change in the lives of both the victim and the perpetrator. The psychological and social aspects of the victim of crime are affected. This bachelor thesis is focused on helping victims of crime. The main goal of this thesis was to find out what opportunities to help women - victims of social work crime in České Budějovice. This thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part deals with the definition of basic concepts, the rights of particularly vulnerable victims and the difference between them in comparison with the rights of the injured party are also listed. A substantial part of the work is devoted to legislation, which analyzes the constitutional order of the Czech Republic (CR) and international law. The empirical part was performed on the basis of a qualitative research strategy, then the data were categorized. The technique of questioning using a semi-structured interview, which consisted of 13 open-ended questions, was used to obtain data. A total of three informants from the area of assistance to victims of crime in České Budějovice were contacted, who subsequently formed a research group. The analysis and interpretation of the obtained data revealed that social work in České Budějovice offers a wide range of opportunities to help women as victims of crime. The informants mentioned the possibilities of women and also informed about changes in provision due to the pandemic. The results of the research can serve to raise awareness of society, as well as an information source for workers in organizations helping women as victims of crime.
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Seniors as people at risk of domestic violence
FOREJTNÍKOVÁ, Marie
The work focuses on seniors as people at risk of domestic violence. The work theoretically defines domestic violence, old age and seniors, then focuses on the specifics of domestic violence committed against seniors. The thesis defines the risk factors that can prevent domestic violence, it also focuses on the effects of domestic violence on the elderly. The thesis also deals with the ethical aspect of domestic violence and provides an ethical evaluation of violent behavior. Emphasis is placed on possible forms of resolving domestic violence. The thesis focuses on ethics in social work, deals with the code of ethics and values that are crucial in working with vulnerable seniors. The thesis describes the approach of a social worker to an endangered senior in solving domestic violence. The conclusion describes the case studies of vulnerable senior women who transfer theoretical knowledge to the practice of social work with seniors at risk of domestic violence.
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Prevention of bullying before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
HLAS, Karel
The bachelor thesis deals with the current trends of bullying in primary schools. The theoretical part includes, for example, the characteristics of bullying before the crisis, its selected aspects, bullying during the crisis and the experience with the implementation of bullying prevention in both periods (before and during). The text is oriented towards the theoretical presentation of the topic of bullying, i.e. explanation of concepts, stages, diagnostics, etc. The practical part deals with the experience of the approach to the implementation of school prevention before and during the pandemic. The aim of the thesis is therefore to find out whether teachers implement prevention also in the context of online teaching and how to improve it if necessary. In line with the aim of the thesis, a quantitative research approach is designed and used and data collection through questionnaires. The target group for the mailing are pupils and teachers of 2nd grade of primary schools in the South Bohemia region.
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The Issues of Multidisciplinary Approach to Abused and Neglected Minor Victims in České Budějovice
VOLÁROVÁ, Andrea
The diploma thesis focuses on the issues of a multidisciplinary approach to abused, maltreated and neglected minor victims in České Budějovice. The main aim of the thesis was to explore ways of how involved assisting staff approach minor victims of the child abuse and neglect syndrome. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part deals with basic children's rights in the Czech Republic. It also deals with the description of the child abuse and neglect (CAN) syndrome. The following chapter focuses on the systemic abuse of minor victims, which is closely related to the CAN syndrome. Furthermore, it provides a description of helping professions that are involved in the issue of the child abuse and neglect syndrome. The penultimate chapter deals with interventions and procedures employed when working with minor victims. And the final chapter dwells on multidisciplinary approaches to minor victims. The research part was based on a qualitative research strategy that employed the method of questioning, involving techniques of semi-structured interview, which consisted of twelve open-ended questions and others if necessary. The results of the qualitative research showed that the interviewed respondents from helping professions use individual approaches, therapeutic approaches and multidisciplinary approaches while working with minor victims. The results of the research will serve as a source of information and inspiration for the workers in helping professions dealing with the described issues.
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