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Neds of women with gestational diabetes mellitus
MALÁTOVÁ, Gabriela
The thesis is focused on the needs of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The survey was carried out in the hospital, in Ceske Budejovice, in the department of risk pregnancies and in the gynecological surgery of Dr. Výborné in Ceske Budejovice. The research method was qualitative. It was conducted in the form of interviews with women who attended the department of risk pregnancies and who have been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and also in the gynecological surgery.The information was then processed into short case studies. The thesis had three goals. The first objective was to determine what are the needs of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The second objective was to determine how women, who have been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes, follow and comply with the prescribed diets. The third objective was to determine what information is known to the women who have been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Based on these findings, 3 research questions have been specified. The first research question was concerned with the needs of pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The second research question was concerned with the appropriate food for women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The third research question was concerned with the awareness of women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. One of the objectives was to find out what are the needs of women with Gestational Diabetes. All three women responded that there was a great need for good nutrition. The need for sleep, was for all the women about the same, they sleep up to 8-9 hours per day. The need for movement is very important for Mrs. Jane, Mrs. Petra avoids extensive physical excercise due to an adverse gynecological finding and Mrs. Ivana prefers family walks in the nature. Another objective was to find out how Mrs. Jana, Mrs. Petra and Mrs. Ivana follow and keep to the dietary regime. Answer to the question of how they have changed their eating habits, Mrs. Petra said , that she has had a problem with limiting sugars, but after a few days she got used to it and she drinks mostly water and unsweetened tea. Mrs. Jana had no problem with it, she has small children and she cooks light meals for them and she eats with them. She didn't have to alter her eating habits too much, she only left out some types of fruits. Mrs. Ivana had no problem in changing the diet, as even before she was diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes, she ate lots of vegetables and poultry meat and very rarely ate sweet things.The third objective, which was to determine how informed are the women with regards to the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, has been fulfilled. When asked, what and when do they receive most most information, all three women agreed. In the first instance Mrs. Jana received the information from her doctor in the surgery and after that from the midwife. Mrs. Petra was first given information by the doctor in gynecological surgery and at the same time by the midwife and immediately after that she had been transferred to the Diabetologist, where she went for a monthly check up. The Diabetologists gave Mrs. Petra information about the appropriate food and distribution of the food during the day. Mrs. Ivana got her first information and practical advice from her doctor in the gynecological surgery, then she was transferred to the care of the Diabetologist, where she was given, appart from the information, also leaflets about suitable food composition and appropriate diet during her treatment of diabetes.
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Diagnostics of diabetes mellitus in adults including pregnant
ŠTĚRBOVÁ, Eva
Diabetes mellitus is worldwide spread chronical disease which affects both sexes and all age groups. If the disease is not treated it can cause hard damage to various systems or even kill. The thesis is divided into two parts. The objective of the first, theoretical part, was to bring closer the problems of diabetes mellitus, its classification and complications. Simultaneously, the possibilities of laboratory diagnostics of the disease were described. The objective of the second, empirical part was to assess if glycohemoglobin was a suitable compensation of oral glucose tolerance test as a marker of impaired glucose tolerance. For the thesis the data of 94 patients investigated at the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s. (Hospital České Budějovice Inc.) were used. The patients were divided into two groups: the group called ``Pregnant{\crqq} (51 pregnant women) and the group called ``Others`` (43 people). In both groups oral glucose tolerance test was carried out and glycohemoglobin was determined. The level of glucose in blood was determined by a fotometric enzymatic method at the analyzer ADVIA 1650 Chemistry system, glycohemoglobin was determined by effective liquid chromatography at the analyzer TOSOH A1c 2.2 (HLC 723 Ghb V, G5). The group of pregnant cannot be reliably evaluated because only one woman was diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus according to oral glucose tolerance test. In the group of Others impaired glucose tolerance according to oral glucose tolerance test was proved in 14 individuals, 5 of them had increased glycohemoglobin and 9 individuals had glycohemoglobin in referential range. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity a effectiveness at cut off 4,0 % was counted for glycohemoglobin. Sensitivity was 36 %, specificity 96 % and effectiveness 73 %. The results show that the use of oral glucose tolerance test as a marker of impaired glucose tolerance is still more suitable than the use of glycohemoglobin which does not have sufficient sensitivity for the diagnosis of the disease.
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Education of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
NEČINOVÁ, Jaroslava
The first theoretical part of the paper deals with the various aspects of gestational diabetes mellitus as seen by sociology and medicine. The other theoretical part contains the specifications of education and educational process for pregnant women in the individual phases of pregnancy, during childbirth and after it. The empirical part of the paper, based on quantitative research and anonymous questionnaire survey, checks, as compared to given hypotheses, the quality of knowledge and the form of current education of the responding women in relation to the disease, it provides information about the women{\crq}s age structure, lifestyle and the standard to gestational diabetes compensation.
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