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Vliv formy a termínu aplikace dusíkato-sirného hnojiva na výnos a kvalitu ozimé pšenice
Kala, Petr
This thesis deals with the fertilization of nitrogen-sulphur fertilizers in different forms and terms of application and assesses their effect on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. To find out the results was carried out a small-plot field experiment in Žabčice and Vatín. In the experiment were used these nitrogen-sulphur fertilizer: DASA, MAGNISUL and DASAMAG. Mentioned fertilizers were rotate as part of regenerative and the first production fertilizing with LAD. The LAD fertilizer was used for the control variant. In the second production fertilizing was used DAM-390 in all variants. The results of the field experiment were statically conclusive in all the evaluated criteria only in the comparison of the location. Statistical conclusive was not detected in the investigated factor “Variant of fertilization”. These results were significantly affected by the unfavorable course of the weather in the 2017/2018 growing season.
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Ověření účinnosti různých inhibitorů nitrifikace v hnojivu DASA na výnos a kvalitu zrna pšenice ozimé
Kvita, Martin
The bachelor thesis deals with the effect of different nitrification inhibitors in the fertilizer DASA on the yield and grain quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The practical part was solved in the form of a small-plot field experiment at the Field Experimental Station Žabčice in the 2021/2022 growing season. The parameters were assessed: the grain yield, the hectoliter weight of the grain, the content of protein and gluten in the grain and the Zeleny test. The fertilizer variants included in the experiment were: 1. DASA (control variant without inhibitors), 2. DASA + MPCAA 1, 3. DASA + MPCAA 2, 4. DASA + DMPP, 5. DASA + DMPPA, 6. DASA + MPA 1, 7. DASA + MPA 2. Winter wheat grain yield was not statistically significant. The highest average value was achieved by variant No. 7 DASA + MPA 2 (6.80 t.ha-1). Compared to the control variant, it achieved a higher yield by 0.18 t.ha-1. The highest values of hectolitre weight of grain were observed for the control variant No. 1 DASA (77.1 kg.hl-1). The content of protein was highest in control variant No. 1 DASA and variant No. 6 DASA + MPCAA 1 (12.2%). The highest gluten content (26.8%) and sedimentation value (37 ml) was also achieved by control variant No. 1 DASA. In terms of yield, variant No. 7 DASA with MPA 2 inhibitor had the highest values, while the highest values in terms of quality were achieved by variant No. 1 DASA without inhibitors.
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Změny kvality vody v toku vlivem přítoku odpadů z koňské farmy
Khainová, Barbora
The bachelor thesis focuses on monitoring changes in the quality of the Všeminka stream due to the impact of waste inflow from the Všemina Horse Ranch. A total of six sampling sites were identified and located along the length of the stream so that the first location was above the ranch and the last was below the Všemina reservoir. Sampling was conducted four times over a thirteen-month period during the growing season. During the sampling events, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, conductivity, water temperature, and, for the reservoir, water transparency was determined on site. The samples were immediately taken for evaluation to the laboratory of the Department of Fisheries and Hydrobiology at Mendel University in Brno. Physico-chemical parameters such as total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphates, total iron, chemical oxygen demand by dichromate, biochemical oxygen demand-five-day, acid neutralization capacity, calcium and chloride were selected for subsequent analysis. The objective was to determine if the ranch has an effect on water quality in the stream or the Všemina Reservoir. The resulting values from the laboratory analysis were evaluated according to the standard CSN 75 7221 used to classify the quality of surface waters as well as according to Government Regulation 401/2015, whether the quality of the water meets the requirements for general water use, for salmon and carp waters. Furthermore, it was compared with similar research works on the given topic of the influence of horse breeding on water quality.
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Srovnání účinnosti vybraných systémů hnojení na produkci a kvalitu pšenice ozimé
Horký, Jiří
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of different fertilization options on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain and the profitability of its cultivation. Among the qualitative parameters, the content of nitrogenous substances, gluten and sedimentation value were monitored. The research took place in the form of a one-year semi-operational field experiment in the Jabloňov area, Vysočina. The following five fertilization variants were included in the experiment: LAV as control, urea, DASA (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulfate), Urea stabil (urea with urease inhibitor) and ENSIN (ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulfate and nitrification inhibitor). The results show that the fertilization variants had no effect on the size of the yield. The effect of nitrification and urease inhibitors and sulfur fertilizers on grain quality parameters was also inconclusive (compared to the LAV control). A significant increase in quality parameters was noticed when comparing fertilizers with inhibitors and their equivalents without inhibitors. The ENSIN variant contained 4,3 % more nitrogenous substances and 8,3 % more gluten than the DASA variant. The Urea stabil variant contained 8,2 % more nitrogenous substances, 9,5 % more gluten and achieved a 12,2 % higher sedimentation value than the urea variant. Economically, the DASA variant turned out to be the best option. Fertilizers with inhibitors had a rather negative effect on the economics of cultivation
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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě řepky ozimé
Dundálek, Ladislav
The diploma thesis aimed to evaluate the effect of regeneratively applied combined fertilizer in the nutrition of oilseed rape. The experiment was established at two localities (Žabčice and Vatín) in the form of a small-plot field experiment carried out in the economic years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The following treatments were included in the experiment: unfertilized, control, FertiTOP 44 NPS, and FertiTOP 44 NPS in lower dose. The total dose of nitrogen applied in treatment FertiTOP NPS 44 (lower dose) was 130 kg/ha. Control treatment and FertiTop NPS 44 in full dose were based on the total dose of 168 kg/ha of N. In addition to nitrogen, sulfur was also applied as part of regenerative fertilization in control treatment. The following parameters were examined: yield, oil content, oil production, and economic evaluation. A statistically significant difference between the examined treatments was found for the yield and oil production parameters. Overall, the FertiTOP 44 NPS (full dose) treatment was evaluated as the most optimal option with the highest average yield of 3.81 t/ha recorded in the Vatín location. At the Žabčice location, this variant provided an average yield of 3.20 t/ha. This variant was evaluated for the second highest oil content in the Vatín locality (45.3%), but in the Žabčice locality, this variant provided lower oil content (40.7%). In terms of oil production, the FertiTOP 44 NPS (full dose) treatment showed the highest oil production at both locations. The application of FertiTOP 44 NPS resulted in the average oil production 1.72 t/ha in Vatín and 1.31 t/ha in Žabčice. The economic evaluation showed that application of FertiTOP 44 NPS resulted in increase of profit by 21.21% compared to the control treatment in the economic year 2020/2021. Similar result was observed in second year (2021/2022), but the increase in profit compared to the control variant was only 4.11%.
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Možnosti využití technologií precizního zemědělství pro aplikaci hnojiv
Sedláčková, Marie
The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to describe modern methods of precision agriculture using remote sensing implemented in the technology of variable applications of nitrogen fertilizers in the operating conditions of the agricultural company and subsequently analyze their economic efficiency. The research took place in the company RenoFarma Troubky, a.s. at two selected sites of interest, DPB 0102 ("Býčí kout") and DPB 9103 ("Klínka"). For production fertilization were used seven composite images from 2014 – 2020 taken by the Landsat 7 satellite. For qualitative fertilization was used an image from the UAV Trinity F90 drone with a multispectral camera, from which were subsequently generated application maps using QGIS software. Fertilization attributes were based on NDVI categorization. The model of technological processing of variable nitrogen application using remote sensing was described and schematized. UREAstabil® fertilizer was used for production and quality fertilization. Zones of fertilizer doses (kg.ha-1) were divided and correlations with average yields (t.ha-1) were monitored. Most of the zones appeared to be economically inefficient during the monitored period. The low profitability was influenced by low yields, caused by an insufficient amount of fertilizer, the late application of the quality dose and the daily rainfall (mm) monitored at the meteorogical station Amet.
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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Moravanský, Jakub
The aim of this work is the utilization of combined fertilizer in winter wheat nutrition. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2020-2021; 2021-2022) at the experimental site in Žabčice. The examined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS was applied in early spring in two doses (54 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha N). As a control treatment, the common nitrogen technology was used with the application of LAD 27 fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg/ha N. Additional fertilization of every treatment during the vegetation was identical. (LAD 27: 65 kg/ha N; DAM 390: 40 kg/ha N). The application of the combined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS in full dose positively influenced the growth, yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The plant analysis during the vegetation showed a statistically significant effect of fertilization by full dose of FertiTOP 44 NPS on dry weight. There was also increase in grain yield in both years under study (+0.6 t/ha in 2021; +0.3 t/ha in 2022). At the same time, the protein content increased (+0.5% in 2021; +1.1% in 2022). For gluten content, the results were similar to the control. For the sedimentation parameter, an increase was observed in both years (+3.5 ml in 2021; +7 ml in 2022). These results are indicating that the application of phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in winter wheat nutrition improves the baking quality of the grain.
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Zhodnocení vývoje jakosti vody vybraných toků v povodí vodárenské nádrže Švihov na řece Želivce
Markovcová, Zuzana
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of water quality in selected watercourses in the Švihov water reservoir catchment area and compares the results with those from the catchment area of the Lučický stream, which is located outside the Švihov reservoir catchment area. The first part of the thesis is devoted to a literature review addressing the issue of water pollution, eutrophication, pesticides, individual nutrients, and related legislative regulations. The second part of the bachelor thesis contains a brief characterization of the Švihov water reservoir catchment area and the Lučický stream catchment area, a description of the methodology, and the results of the evaluation of water quality in selected watercourses. The processed results from the Švihov reservoir catchment area and the Lučický stream catchment area were compared in terms of management in protective zones and outside of them. The obtained results were evaluated based on Czech Standard 75 7221 and Government Regulation No. 401/2015 Coll., as amended. The results demonstrated a clear correlation between flow rate and the amount of pollutants transported, with significantly lower transport rates recorded in dry years than in hydrologically average years. Regarding pesticides, it was found that the parent substance was only present in water immediately after application to agricultural land, while metabolites were found in both water and soil permanently. At the same time, relatively high concentrations of a pesticide metabolite that cannot be used today were also recorded.
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Aboveground litterfall fluxes of selected elements in central European temperate forest
Bašta, Jan ; Oulehle, Filip (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
5 Abstract Aboveground litterfall is the most important intrasystem flow in the temperate forest ecosystem. It is also the largest input flux to the soil surface for most of the macronutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg, K). However, under Central European conditions, studies on the magnitude of this flux in relation to elemental stocks are lacking. GEOMON Small Forest Catchment Network is used to investigate long-term trends in nutrient cycles in temperate forests of Central Europe and the human influence on them. As part of this network aboveground litterfall collectors were placed in 14 catchments at a total of 19 sites at the end of 2019. Litterfall was then collected bimonthly, weighed and sorted into different fractions. These fractions were analyzed to determine the concentration of the elements of interest. From these values, the fluxes of the elements in the aboveground litterfall were calculated. The observed values were compared with the characteristics of the individual sites and the element budgets in the catchments. The monitored elements can be ranked according to the size of the flux of the element through the aboveground litterfall in relation to other inputs of that element to the soil as follows: C, P, N, Ca, Mg and K. The average amount of aboveground litterfall in the GEOMON network is 4.6...
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Mineral nutrient transporters and root system efficiency
Schmidová, Dominika ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Kobercová, Eliška (referee)
Plants are sessile organisms whose survival depends largely on the ability to ensure sufficient water and mineral nutrient uptake by the root system. To this end, plants have evolved specialised transport systems that ensure selective uptake of essential elements and also allow plants to adapt to varying soil nutrient concentrations. In terms of transport kinetics, mineral nutrient transporters are of two types - high-affinity and low-affinity. Depending on the nutrient concentration in the soil, plants can engage each type to maximise nutrient uptake. In addition to the efficient setup of transport processes at the membranes, there are other mechanisms in the plant to maximize the uptake of soil resources. These are mainly changes in the architecture of the root system. In addition to the systemic growth response, plants regulate root growth at the local level in response to uneven nutrient distribution in the soil. This response is limited to a specific part of the root system, which adapts to use that area as efficiently as possible. In addition to their transport function, mineral nutrient transporters also play a sensory role in the regulation of localised root growth. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the uptake mechanism of the important essential macronutrients, nitrogen,...
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