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Using DEA models to assess efficiency of public transport
Hanousek, Jakub ; Borovička, Adam (advisor) ; Soldatyuk, Nataliya (referee)
This thesis deals with using DEA models to assess efficiency of the bus public transport in the Czech Republic regions. It is a method based on linear programming used to measuring efficiency of units. The main problem of public transport is the constant pressure to increase subsidies into this sector whilst the efficiency decreases. In the theoretical part of thesis, there will be explained the term 'efficiency' and will be introduced the basic principles of data envelopment analysis method including the mathematical formulations of the classic and modified DEA models, which will be then used in the practical part. The analysis of the resulting efficiency rates of all the different regions will be carried out with respect to the regions' specific characteristics. In the conclusion the optimal values will be proposed.
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Alternativní přístup k řízení rizik v bankovnictví za použití analýzy obalu dat
Fialová, Zuzana ; Jablonský, Josef (advisor) ; Lukáš, Ladislav (referee) ; Brezina, Ivan (referee)
The implementation of the Basel II capital adequacy framework promoted internally modelled risk parameters and allowed banks to build their own models. The recent crisis pointed at the gaps in the Basel II Accord, seeing banks having trouble to deal with lack of liquidity and higher default rates. The minimum regulatory capital held by the banks turned out to be insufficient and banks started looking for other techniques to better quantify the risks they are exposed to. Model accuracy is a key objective to meet the capital adequacy requirements while facing severe economic conditions. The purpose of this thesis is to suggest a new approach to credit modelling. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) can overcome some the difficulties that the banks deal with. The key opportunity in using DEA and its modifications is in the fact that this method does not require prior information about the classification between good and bad units and only requires financial and other data about the client in question. This thesis analyses the performance of DEA applied on a real world portfolio of corporate loans compared to the two standard methods used in the banking sector. Logistic regression is the most popular method, having few restrictions and providing output in the form of a probability of default. The second method is the discriminant analysis giving similar results to the logistic regression but being based on more assumptions. The model is validated by comparing the model output with the actual status and its predictive power evaluated.
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Influence of short sales and margin requirements on portfolio efficiency - a DEA-risk approach
Branda, Martin
We focus on efficiency of assets and portfolios available to investors on financial markets. We employ diversification consistent DEA-risk models with CVaR deviations as the inputs and expected rate of return as the output. Moreover, we allow short selling and take into account margin requirements. Our model is then employed in an empirical study where selected assets from US stock market are investigated. The sample approximation technique is used to deal with the multivariate skew-normal distribution of random returns.
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Analysis of technical efficiency of the Slovak public healthcare system since its reform in 2004
Pastva, Richard ; Babin, Jan (advisor) ; Klesla, Arnošt (referee)
The subject of this thesis is an assessment of effectiveness of the Slovak healthcare system. On basis of data provided by the OECD and using an input-oriented DEA model, it analyses the rate of technical efficiency achieved across four periods, while two of them are "before reform" and the other two are after-reform periods. This approach, besides determining the efficiency rates, helps to provide information on how the most influential healthcare reform in the era of independent Slovakia influenced the healthcare efficiency. The results of the analysis reveal above-average efficiency scores for the two pre-reform periods on one hand and some significantly below-average scores for the post-reform years on the other. Based on these results, we can judge the influence of the reform on the technical efficiency of healthcare as negative. Moreover, the attempt to verify the hypothesis of a positive influence of healthcare expenditures growth on efficiency scores was also unsuccessful. Another outcome of the analysis is the fact, that current (2011) health outcomes in Slovakia could be produced with a significantly lower volume of inputs. In conclusion, the analysis provides some of the input-minimizing suggestions, which could be made in order to increase the overall efficiency of healthcare.
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Estimating Efficiency Offset between Two Groups of Decision-Making Units
Macek, Karel
The comparison of two groups of decision-making units (DMUs) has been already subject of scientific reflection. So far, some statistical tests have been developed. This article addresses estimating the difference between expected outputs of two groups of DMUs. In contrast to other efficiency evaluation methods, this publication focuses on quantitative assessment of this difference, not on the hypothesis testing. The article focuses on single output DMUs and the designed statistical tests are examined on various simulated data sets as well as on one realworld example. Some of them stem from the data envelopment analysis, others are related to the local regression.
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Comparison of systems for evaluating the efficiency of using DEA models
Murinová, Michaela ; Šindelářová, Irena (advisor) ; Chýna, Vladislav (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the efficiency using DEA models focusing on the use of dedicated software tools. There are four chapters in the thesis where different approaches to efficiency are briefly presented. The method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) with its modifications is described in detail -- basic models, CCR, BCC and additive model. The main part of the work is presented in the second part of this thesis where I describe how to work with each program and summarize its advantages and disadvantages. The last chapter applies prior knowledge on real situation -- the evaluation of the efficiency of the regional police stations in the Czech Republic.
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Quality of life assessment in the selected regions by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
CHROMÁ, Vendula
The diploma thesis aims to do a research into quality of life of the selected regions in the Czech Republic and so to identify strengths and weaknesses of the individual regions. The research is done by means of DEA method on the basis of chosen criterions. The DEA method determines the effectiveness of individual districts and so it shows the living standard. Moreover, the DEA method also suggests the way how to raise effectiveness in the case of inefficient regions. The thesis also focuses on strengths and weaknesses of production units, which comes out from the assessment itself. For the application of the model, economic and uneconomic indicators such as unemployment, work inability, criminality, air pollution and the apartments' costs were chosen. These indicators represent inputs. In outputs, there are density of the road network and average wages included. All data relates to the year 2010. The assessment itself is carried out via a special software Frontier Analyst.
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Possibilities of estimating the efficiency of financial system and granting social services
Jeřábková, Věra ; Fischer, Jakub (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Zelený, Martin (referee)
A significant problem of functioning the public sector is to ensure the efficiency of public expenditures. Efficiency model's creating is a dynamic process that requires regular evaluation of the socioeconomic conditions. The efficiency of financial system and granting social services is still not measured in the Czech Republic. The area of social services is affected by number of criteria and factors. So it is necessary to apply different views on evaluating the efficiency of social care, social prevention and social counseling. The efficiency of social services can not be estimated as a whole, but we should focus on different groups of social services and individual services within the group. In this thesis the efficiency is measured in the two selected residental social care services -- homes for the elderly and homes for people with disabilities. The applied methods was used only to a limited extent because of lacks of many important variables in the area of official statics. In the case of multiple criteria methods the calculation was also impeded by the availability of suitable software.
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Application of Data Envelopment Analysis on selected banking institutions
Pak, Anastassiya ; Křížek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Witzany, Jiří (referee)
The following thesis documents application of Data Envelopment Analysis method on the sample of eight banks which were functioning on the Czech banking market during the period 2007 -- 2010 in order to measure their technical efficiency. Thesis consists of two major parts -- theoretical and practical one. The first part includes main principles, areas of application of the method and theoretical base of the DEA which will be used in the practical part. Second part presents brief description of the trends on the Czech banking market and it's development during the period 2007 -- 2010. Practical part also contains results of the measurement, its interpretation and analysis of main reasons of banks' inefficiency.
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Data envelopment analysis and their application in chosen branch
BANDÍK, Tomáš
Data envelopment analysis is one of methods how to compare the efficiency of transformation of the inputs to the outputs among production units. It helps to improve the efficiency and to identify weak points in production systems. The target of DEA is to divide focused subjects to efficiency and non-efficiency groups, comparing the amount of used sources as inputs and the amount of outputs. At first there are described some important conceptions in theory part. Then explanation of principes DEA follow and basic models analysis description too. The desription supposes constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale. There is contain a chapter devoting to description of using software. The practical part of my bachelor thesis is focused on using DEA to compare different countries by HDI ( human developmet index) The solution of this case work with characteristics used by calculating HDI.
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