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The evaluation of culling rates of dairy cows in free range farming system
KLAP, Martin
This diploma thesis is focused on producing dairy cows and their culling rates. The general goal of this work was to compare and to evaluate the culling rates of dairy cows on 2 independent farms with free range farming system from 2012 to 2014. The diploma thesis provides the facts about culling rates in heifers and in cows till 90 days after calving, reasons to be culled, the age at culling, the age at first calving, parity when the cows were culled and the comparison of milk parameters at culling. The study was compiled from the detailed data about 474 dairy or combined utility cows. Farm Senagro a.s. Senožaty disposes pure-blooded cows or crossbreds with 51-100% of principal breed in blood. Only purebred cows are raised at farm Nečerák Vystrkov. It is obvious that culling rate markedly over 30% from all of the cows at farm Senagro a.s. Senožaty negatively influences profitability of this farm. Vice versa farm Nečerák Vystrkov belongs into category which accomplishes recommended value.
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Nutrition cattle for a given farm
PRŮŠA, Tomáš
The nutrition of dairy cattle in relation to milk production forms an integral part of bigger businesses with livestock farming. This Bachelor thesis introduces a division of dairy cattle to categories according to the milk production and the number of days during the dry period at the same time. Furthermore, the nutrients needed for the milk production are mentioned. For individual nutrients, there are the standards of individual fodder and needs of the dairy cows in relation to their weight and milk production. In order to calculate the feeding ration accurately, it is important to analyse the pasture fodder and concentrated fodder as well as to tailor the feeding ration with a number of macro-elements and other nutrients needed for the correct metabolic function of dairy cows. The individual analysis could be entered to computer programmes with pre-installed nutrition composition of individual categories of dairy cattle. The differences in results within individual nutrients will show the needs of individual categories of dairy cattle either surpluses or shortages and according to that, will set the individual feeding ration in order to prevent health problems and to ensure the welfare of dairy cattle.
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Monitoring of etological expression of dairy cows in dependence on technology of stabling for role of evolution of detectors which evaluate various movements of animals
KINDLOVÁ, Jana
Breeding of cattle is one of the most important industry of animal production in the Czech republic. These animals are used mainly for production of meat and milk. The aim of this diploma thesis was to gather basic datas about etological expressions of breeding dairy cows in the relationship to the used technologies of milking by using detectors of automatical scanning of movements and to formulate conclusions coming from these surveys. I monitored in three agricultural companies etological expressions of chosen dairy cows to the focus on their movement activities connected to the different technologies of milking. Etological monitoring helped to specify the scanning system of movements, which was installed in the companies. There were chosen total of 18 dairy cows of Holstein Friesian dairy cows, reproduction condition was various. The cows were in all phases of gravidity, some were just after birth. The observation was going on constantly for 24 hours, in various temperature conditions and different milking technique. The results were compared with literature and the aim was to find, by which system of milking are the animals happiest and how the welfare is accomplished.
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Dynamics of sodium, potassium and acid-base in urine of seasonal calving cows
FAJMON, Tomáš
In this work, there was observed the influence of feeding an anionic salt on acid-base value in the urine (ABV) and on a level of the calcium in the urine in high yielding dairy cows. This mineral ingredient was tested for two feeding rates: winter - conserved, summer - pasture and was fed in a rate 450 g per a cow and a day. In the winter experimental period there were found no changes in AVB and the effect of Rindavit MF Sauer wasn´t expressed. In the sum-mer experimental period the influence of Rindavit MF Sauer on acid-base balance was fully expressed although the high potassium level in the feed rate. We found statistically significant differences between control and experimental group at observing levels of calcium and the effect of the anionic salt was shown. There was found no case of the milk fever in experimental group cows dduring the whole test. By contrast, there were recorded two cases of the milk fever in the control group cows. At feeding the anionic salt, we didn't find any negative effect on the acid - base balance and the health of the cows.
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Influence of various systems on housing and breeding of dairy cattle
DUBOVÁ, Dagmar
The trend in development of new technologies and machinery in the area of agriculture and animal husbandry shows an increasing number of robotized operations. Such trend mostly appears in dairy cattle breeding, which has its logical explanation due to the fact that high ratio of human labour in milk production is more than obvious. The basic prerequisite for a successful utilization of milking robotic systems is to provide dairy cattle with sufficient quantity of top quality food and water as well as to ensure their welfare. The aim of the bachelor?s work was to compare the influence of both stanchion housing using a milking pipeline method and loose housing with robotic milking system on basic categories of dairy cattle behaviour, milk efficiency and reproduction. The observation itself was executed in each housing system for the period of 24 hours, during which an interval method with a ten-minute interval mode was used. Basic life activity of dairy cattle such as: feed intake, standing, lying and movement were monitored. All data were collected and assessed under running conditions on a private dairy farm owned by Václav Dub in Boubín near Horažďovice. The task was carried out in a reconstructed housing, where both systems are in operation. During the day, the dairy cattle remained mostly in a lying position, from which 50,33 % were kept in stanchion housing and 49,54 % in loose housing. When being housed in a standing position, 23,78 % of the dairy cattle paid attention to feeding and 27,05 % of dairy cattle were robotically milked. Standing position represented 25,89 % in stanchion housing and 19,31 % in loose housing. The movement was only monitored with dairy cattle housed in free housing representing 4,1 %. After the milk efficiency was assessed, there were some statistically significant differences (P?0,001) found in milked milk as well as in a kilogram of protein. With respect to reproduction, the length of the insemination interval was recorded showing 129 days when being stanchion housed and 95 days when loose housed. The length of the service period of dairy cattle in stanchion housing was 144 days while dairy cattle milked robotically showed the length of 109 days. All in all, it was proved that a free movement has a positive influence on the milk efficiency, fertility as well as the welfare of dairy cattle.
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Analysis of operation charakteristics in choice agriculture enterprise
ŽIŽKA, Antonín
The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate economic results of dairy cattle breeding. The thesis reckons with operating indicators of the herd, operating costs and revenues in the period 2010 - 2011. The result of the thesis is a quantification of operating profit in both years and formulating the rate of operating profitability. The agricultural enterprise subject to research farms in the potato- growing Pilsen region. Its main business is Holstein cattle breeding. The average number of cows in the farm was 221 in these years. The breeding takes place in the framework of a closed turnover of the cattle. The cattle is divided into age categories matched with direct costs. Producing and reproducing indicators are evaluated in particular categories. This makes it possible to express the price of a three-month old calf, the price of a full-grown heifer, costs of production of one litre of milk, and the share of particular costs by quantifying total costs. The overall profit consists of takings for sale of milk, springer heifers, and beef cattle. Besides revenues, another income of the enterprise is the subsidy. Profitability of takings is also calculated according to farming results.
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Utility and fertility of herd of milked cattle
NEJDLOVÁ, Emilie
The aim of this thesis was to analyze milk yield and fertility in dairy cattle herds ? combined (Czech Pied cattle) and dojného utility type (Holstein cattle ) in the same breeding system. Further culling was evaluated, the cost of feeding a day and milk production. Observations were carried out in the company Podhoran Černíkov, as in the time sequence of zootechnical 2 years (1st 10th 2009 - 30 9th 2011). By tracking a total of 310 cows of which 47 cows of Czech Pied cattle C1 (C 100 %), breeding hybrids participation of Czech Fleckvieh with Holstein and Red Holstein breed C2 (C 75 ? 88 %) 53 pieces and C3 (C 50 to 74 %) 38 pieces, the cows of Holstein breed H1 (H 100 % ) 158 pieces, the unit crosses with Czech Holstein cattle piebald H3 (H 75 ? 87 %) 10 pieces, and H4 (H 60 ? 74 %) 4 pcs. Furthermore, the basic data set is divided according to genotype into two groups: 138 pieces of Czech Fleckvieh cows and 172 cows of Holstein breed pc. When evaluating the performance files were still divided into two in order of lactation on the first, second and more. Viewed indicators for evaluation of milk production were: number of lactation, lactation length (days), the amount of milk (kg), fat content (%), production of milk fat (kg), protein content in milk (%), production of proteins in milk (kg), lactose content in milk (%). The fertility parameters were observed: genotype, age at first calving (days), insemination interval (days), service period (days) and interval (days). Further culling was still considered, the cost of feed per day (CZK) and the cost of 1 liter of milk (CZK). When combined, mixed breed (Czech Pied cattle) and utility type (Holstein cattle) is necessary for herd management to allow for different feed consumption. Commercial breeding of different types in a joint breeding achieve different levels of performance for the benefit performance of Holstein cattle. Higher productivity of breeding Holstein cattle fertility and deteriorating indicators since these must be spend more time in searching for the rut to ensure reproduction of the desired level. A lower yield reaching Czech Fleckvieh breeding in specific terms the average results. Due to the achieved performance for both types of utility can say good job in management.
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Comparison of gut parasites incidence on chosen farms
HUBENÁ, Lucie
The main goal of the thesis was to compare prevalence of intestinal parasites of cattle in farms using different technologies of breeding, and evaluation of the obtained data. Irregularly, from spring to autumn 2010, faeces samples of dairy and meat cattle were collected from the chosen farms. A total of 425 samples of cows from three farms was collected. Two of the three breeds (herd A and B) consisted of Holstein and Fleckvieh Breed, first of the herds was pastured. The third herd (C) was of Limousine breed and was pastured whole season. The samples were collected in plastic containers in fresh state. In the examined samples, gut parasites of genus Eimeria and helminthes of the family Trichostrongylidae were diagnosed. In the herd A, no intestinal parasites were found. The most common parasites diagnosed in the herd B were coccidia (38%). Helminths of family Trichostrongylidae were also diagnosed (16,6%). In the herd C, both coccidia of the genus Eimeria and parasitic helminths were found (thirs prevalence was 38% and 26%, respectively). Seasonal dynamics of the parasites was also monitored, a descending trend was detected from summer to autumn. Prevalence in the herd B was 64% in summer, 58% in autumn, in the herd C were the respective prevalences 66% and 70%.
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Nutrition and feeding influence for economic parameters of milk production
DOLEŽAL, Tomáš
The thesis aims to evaluate the influence of nutrition and feed on the economic indexes of milk production in the Agriculture Cooperative of Borovany. The first part of the thesis focuses on the basic aspects of dairy cattle breeding including the physiological processing affecting their efficiency. The second part concentrates on preparing feed rations, describing the crucial elements specifying the level of milk yield and a particular way of feeding technique. The main factors influencing the economic indexes of milk production are desribed and analyzed in the pivotal part of the thesis, primarily the feed costs and quality. The objective of the thesis is to find out in what way the feed quality can affect the economic indexes of milk production in the observed years of 2007 and 2008.
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Monitoring moving activity of beef cattle during the year
RUDA, Jan
Beef cattle breeding is one of the basic and traditional kind of agriculture department in the Czech Republic. In the last few years is growing the number of beef cattle especialy in mountain areas and foothills. My work was focused on assesment of moving activity of beef cattle (whole year outdoor lairage) with special aim at outward and inward factors. Experiment was realized in a small privat farm (40ha) in foothills. Breeding animals are crossbreeds of these beef cattle races: charolais, piemontese, aberdeen angus, hereford, gasconne, limusine and czech pied cows. Monitoring was made by pedometers placed on the neck part and anterior limb (used 20 animals) and on the neck only (used 10 animals). Pedometr counts the numer of movements in hour, every single hour is separated into 240 parts - 15 seconds each. If is there any move during that time, pedometr will record. The additional technical equipment is antenna and PC with an appropriate software. For temperature and air humidity measuring was used datalogger noticing the data every hour. We compared the influences of tempereture and air humidity on moving activity, influence of rutting season on moving activity and finaly the differences between the data from the neck part and from the anterior limb. Was found out that the temperature has a fundamental influence on the moving activity. No ralation between the air moisture and the moving activity was found. There was not such a big increase of moving activity during the rutting season as we expected. The activity measured on the neck was significantly higher then the activity measured on the anterior limb. Both of them embodied mathematical functional dependence.
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