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Biodiversity of model agroecosystems on the ecological farm in the foothills of Šumava Mts.
OUŘEDNÍK, David
The content of the thesis was research and study of the epigeal beetle communities at three different sites in the cadastral municipality Mačice near village Soběšice in Western Region. Habitats were managed under organic farming. Specifically there were three different sites, a field sown triticale, meadow and pasture. Method of pitfall traps was used for the collection of biological material. In total, there were intercepted and identified 640 individuals from 57 species and 14 families in the reporting period. In all of the habitats, species of beetles family (Carabidae) (23 species) were mostly represented, followed by family rove beetles (Staphylinidae) (11 species) and family carrion (Silphidae) (6 species). Most individuals were found at the field habitat with the numbers in total of 255 (30 species from 8 families), followed by habitat meadow with 198 individuals (36 species from 9 families) and the pasture habitat with 187 individuals (34 species from 10 families). The species spectrum of epigeal beetles was divided into groups according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic influences. Species that do not have special requirements on the quality and nature of the environment (group E) dominated in all habitats with 48 species. Total of nine species inhabiting habitats moderately affected by human activities (group R2) were found in all habitats, the least of them occurred in the field (1 species) , pasture (5 species) and at the meadow were found most (6 species). Index of anthropogenic impacts shows that these are very heavily modified habitats. When comparing individual sites, field habitat (ISD 1,67 %) was found to be the most affected. The least affected was the meadow habitat (ISD 8,34 %). As a result we can conclude that the hypothesis that organic farming has a positive impact on biodiversity was not confirmed.
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Military areas as biocentres in cultural landscape
VOTRUBEC, Martin
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two localities: Třebovice in the military area Boletice and Vadkov in the foodhill of Blanský les Landscape Protected Area in South Bohemia. The distance between localities is 7,25 km. Six biotopes were studied in both localities: grasslands, wetlands, fields, coniferous forest habitat, habitat mixed forest and deciduous forest habitat. Pitfall traps were used for collecting of material in period May - November 2012. Together 5 families (Carabidae, Elateridae, Silphidae, Curculionidae, Geotrupidae), 18 species and 1426 specimen of epigeic beetles were collected. Species were divided according to their ecological requirements of anthropogenic tolerancy into three groups (I and II relics and eurytopic species) (Boháč, 1999). In the monitored area Trebovice I found a total of 5 families with 16 species, compared to 3 for the families of the 11 species in Vadkov. The activity of beetles was very similar in both localities (Trebovice - 726 specimen, Vadkov - 700 specimen). The dominant families in number of species at both monitored localities family Carabid (Třebovice 9 species of Carabid, Vadkov 7 species Carabid). On the other side by carabid individuals was the activity distinctly higher in Třebovice (239 specimen carabid) than in Vadkov (38 specimen carabid). Adaptable species (RII 13 species) prevailed over expansionnists (E 5 species) in both localities. In the locality Třebovice was found 29.4% expansive species (E) against the area Vadkov 18.2% expansive species (E). Species that are tied to the habitats moderately influenced by man, known as relics of the second order (RII), in the vicinity of Třebovice occurred in 70.6% and in 81.8% Vadkov. Groups relics of the first order (RI) in the monitored areas were not detected. Index of human impact showed slightly better values at locations on the outskirts of Blanský les (Vadkov) (50%) than in the military area Třebovice (49,17%). Greater species diversity (Třebovice 16 species, Vadkov 11 species) and abundance (Třebovice 726 specimen, Vadkov 700 specimen) of beetles was in fond in the military area. This demonstrates that military area Boletice habitats are important for the survival of many species and serves as a source of biodiversity for neighboring stations.
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Landscape structure and biodiversity - a proposal of landscape structure to reach higher biodiversity and sustainability in cadaster of Pěčín (Landscape Protected Area Orlické hory)
LEDEČOVÁ, Jana
In the present planning work there was studied the influence of anthropogenic load of the species of epigenic beetles in the cultural landscape. The landscape fragmentation has the primarily very significant impact on the ability of the survival of populations of beatle species. Using ground traps filled with ethylene glycol was realised capture of epigenic samples. The samples were classified according to the degree of tolerance to the antropogenic load into three groups. The first group forms eurytop samples with neutral habitat demands, which occurs in habitats very influenced by human being . The second group (RII) consists of more adaptable samples capable populate habitats medium influenced by man. The last one consists of samples with closest ecologic quantivalence - the relicts of I.cohort (R I). They have often character of relicts and in our monitored localities were not find on the whole. The traps were installed in four types of locations - cultural forest, wildlife corridor, field and along the stream. All the sites were located in the land register of the willage Pěčín in the part which is situated in the protected landscape area of Eagle mountains. The highest activity of samples and specimens was recorded in the field where predominated europyt sorts. In the other stations were higher occurence of more adaptable species. The land composition has the influence above all on the generic constitution of communities. In the landscape with a higher fragmentation and more land use predominate eurotop samples with less demands for habitat. Construed study confirmed this presumptions.
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Different type of biomass parcels after the harvest as a microbiotope for invertebrates
MACHOVEC, Jiří
Epigeic beetle communities were studied on four types of biomass bales in the cadastral unit Vrbice u Žitné, district Prachatice. Involved were bales a of grass silage stored on the edge of permanent grassland, on hay bales individually placed on permanent grassland , followed by straw bales scattered in the fields of arable land and straw bales stored on the edge of arable land. The first three types of bales were in position only few months (2-3), while straw bales at the fourth position had been more than one year. The sampling method was selected a sieving of detritus. In the bales of hay were found 9 species of 5 families. In hay bales were found 7 species of 4 families. In the straw bales (which spent in position less time - 3 months), were found 10 species of 6 families. In the bales which were in position 13 months, were found 14 species of 4 families. Index of anthropogenic influence on communities demonstrated that the positions are strongly influenced.
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The effect of management on biodiversity of forest ecosystems - epigeic beetles on selected habitats of Písecko
STLUKA, Petr
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on three forest habitats with the different forms of management in South Bohemia area, Písek district, close from Zátaví village. Selected areas were located in territory of Zátavský forest. There were these habitats: clearing, young spruce forest stands (age 6 years) and spruce forest (age 50-70 years). The method of pitfall trapping was used for biological material capture. There were 1813 specimens and 63 species of epigeic beetles trapped and determined. The highest number of species and individuals was found in spruce young forest habitat (43 species, 786 specimens), than followed spruce mature forest habitat (26 species, 550 specimens) and glade habitat (35 species, 477 specimens). Most species of epigeic beetles from 63 aggregate number of species was classed like eurytops. There were also 15 adaptable species determinated and it was found 1 genus of relict from I. degree too. It was found that spruce forest, which seems like more mature in terms of succession than young forest or glade, had no highest number of species and individuals. Conversely the largest number of species and individuals was found in spruce young forest. Index of antropogenic influence proved relatively strong antropogenic effect all studied habitats in terms of epigeic beetles. Communities of beetles were least affected in spruce forest, than followed young spruce forest and glade. From this point of view, intensity of management had the most effect on glade´s communities of beetles. Mature spruce forest had the least antropogenic influence on communities of beetles.
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Ecological consequences of habitat loss in landscape matrix and the effect on populations and communities of model species
HELLEBRANTOVÁ, Adéla
The effect of fragmentation on populations was studied using epigeic beetle collected by pitfall traps with ethylenglykol. Pitfall traps were placed at three sites and namely in: artifical spruce forest, bio-corridor and meadow in the vicinity of České Budějovice on agricultural landscape. The material was collected from May to September. Beetles were determined and classified into goups according to the level of tolerance to anthropogenic influence. The communities (species richness and its activity) were compared in cited biotopes (fragments) in the agricutlural landscape. The highest number of species and its activity was detected in the bio-corridor. The lowest number of species and its activity was found in the spruce forrest. Thel effect of size of biotope was not found. At a meadow and biocorridor previled beetle species named as eurytopic which are characteristic for deforested habitats strongly influenced by human activities. In the forest, the other half consisted of RII. Group, which are adaptable inhabiting habitat moderately affected by human activity.
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Military areas as biocentres
DEDEK, Jaromír
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied in the army training areas Dobrá Voda and Boletice. Three biotopes (spruce forest, meadow, wetland) were monitored using pitfall traps with ethylenglykol from May to September 2012. Altogether 50 species were found in Boletice and 32 species in Dobrá voda. Species richness and abundance were higher in Boletice. The protected species Carabus scheidleri was indicated in Boletice. In the Dobrá Voda other great Carabus species were found (e.g. Carabus auronitens auronitens, Carabus granulatus granulatus, Carabus nemoralis nemoralis, Carabus sylvestris sylvestris, Carabus violaceus violaceus). The hiogh frequency (60 %) of eurytopic species was typical on both territories. It seems (after our results), that the initial successional stages support the higher biodiversity of epigeic beetles in both territories. It is the reason that we recommend the active management in non forested areas (cutting of ingrowing plants or the training activities of army in territory with army training, or pasturing, training of cars and motorcycles, etc. in abandoned training areas). The forested areas should be under natural succession.
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Biodiversity of epigeic beetles on selected field crops - effects of management on the structure of communities
SVOBODA, Richard
Epigeických beetle communities were studied on four agroecosystems with different crops grown. All four agroecosystems were located in the vicinity of Czech Budejovice (South Bohemia). The first agroecosystem is conventionally grown corn. On the second one agroecosystem it was conventionally grown wheat. The third agroecosystem was barley and the fourth was permanent grassland. Individual agroekosystems differed not only in crops but also in agrotechnical operations during the capture. In all agroecosystems was for capture of the material used method of pitfall traps. Subsequently, those types have been studied. Then was studied degree of human impact on the biodiversity of species of different ecological groups found in these locations.Beetle activity was highest in the maize agroecosystem. There was found almost half of all captured individuals. In all agroecosystems was activity affected by management of agrotechnic operations and also by for that year specific weather. All sites were completely dominated by expansive species (E - types of deforested habitats strongly influenced by human activities)
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Knowledge management in project management
Klempová, Hana ; Chocholatý, Drahomír (advisor) ; Řepa, Václav (referee)
The thesis is focused on knowledge management and discuss the possibilities of its usage in the area of project management. Knowledge management comes up with systematic work with knowledge. The aim of knowledge management is to create a company culture which motivates employees to share and apply their knowledge in an effective way. Knowledge is today a huge competitive advantage and it makes companies get interested in knowledge management ant its implementation. Communities and knowledge base are great tools of knowledge management and they both have a great potential of usage in different areas.
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Influence different management on primary production and biodiversity epigeic and hemiedafic beetles in observed drainage area in Šumava.
KISSOVÁ, Lucie
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on two water catchments with the different management in the submontaneous area of Bohemian Forest (South Bohemia, Czechia). The Mlýnský stream catchment was characteristic by high representation of unforested habitats (pastures and mowed meadows), Horský stream by higher proportion of forested habitats and non equal management (plots without management). The biomass characteristics (above ground and dry) were measured on studied plots. The method of pitfall trapping was used for beetle sampling. Beetle species were divided into two groups after its preferences to shaded: species occurring in unshaded habitats and species occurring in shaded habitats. The degree of human impact was studied by finding of frequency of species of different ecological groups. The above ground biomass was about 2 time higher in Mlýnský stream than in the Horský stream. The dry biomass was practically the same. 57 species was found in the Mlýnský stream and 33 in the Horský stream. The activity of beetles was about five times higher in Mlýnský stream than in the Horský stream. Ubiquitous species prevail in Mlýnský stream and adaptive species in the Horský stream. Stenotopic species were found in the Mlýnský stream only. These results indicate less human impact in Horský stream than in the Mlýnský stream. Beetles prefering unsheded habitats slightly prevail in Mlýnský stream in comparison with Horský stream. Beetle species characteristical for shaded habitats occur in Horský stream in comparison with Mlýnský stream. The geographical exposition affected the beetle structure mainly in the less forested plot of Mlýnský stream. The structure of communites situated to the south differs from communities situated to the north in Mlýnský stream. The effect of exposition is not documented in Horský stream with the greater proportion of forested size.
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