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Physiotherapy in patients with bronchial asthma
Pichová, Jiřina ; Hamarová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Němeček, Ondřej (referee)
Author: Jiřina Pichová Institution: Department of rehabilitation medicine of teaching hospital in Hradec Králové Topic of the thesis: Physiotherapy in patients with bronchial asthma Supervisor: Mgr. Zuzana Hamarová Number of pages: 69 Year of defences: 2014 Keywords: bronchial asthma, respiratory physiotherapy, risk factors Topic of this bachelor thesis is Physiotherapy of patients with bronchial asthma and it is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with dangerous factors, classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prevention, pharmacotherapy and other ways of the asthma treatment. Above all, this thesis is focused on physiotherapy metods how to manage this disease. The practical part contains one case report of patient with bronchial asthma. The own method of treatment and management based on the physical examination was suggested and applied.
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The appearance of respiratory disease in cross country skiing
Toman, Lukáš ; Gnad, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jindra, Matouš (referee)
Title: The appearance of respiratory disease in cross country skiing Objectives: Aim of bachelor's thesis is to determine the incidence of respiratory disease in cross country skiers and approach the problem of asthma and its occurrence in cross-country skiers. Another goal is to find treatment in elite cross-country skiers and influence of respiratory disease on the performance of cross-country skiers. Methods: In the thesis was used method to survey and content analysis of documents. Results: We found that eight of the nineteen representatives of the Czech Republic has problems with respiratory illnesses, of which has seven representatives of the Czech Republic asthma, which is 34%. Key words: Cross-country skiing, respiratory diseases, bronchial asthma, exercise- induced asthma, allergies.
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The impact of asthma on children's incorrect body posture
KORDOVSKÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the relationship between asthma bronchial and a defective posture at children. Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease which incidence is still rising. One of the reasons is a growing number of children suffering from allergies. Their current role in the wrong lifestyle plays its part, too. During the attack, bronchial asthma causes narrowing of the respiratory tract which leads to increased breathing requirements. Some troubles persist even during attacks at some children who suffer with asthma. These increased breathing demands overload the auxiliary breathing muscles over a long period of time and it leads to a change of the breathing stereotype. Changes in the breathing stereotype are linked to problems such as a poor function of the diaphragm, which has impacts not only on the respiratory function but also the postural function. All of this leads to various muscle imbalances. And that's what we're getting to the issue of faulty posture. One of the goals was to find out and describe the relationship between asthma bronchial and faulty posture. In the theoretical part, the bachelor thesis deals with the description of asthma bronchial, its causes, symptoms, diagnostics and therapy. There is also physiotherapydescribed, suitable for bronchial asthma, which was one of the goals of my bachelor thesis, and various breathing aids. The third objective was to set up an exercise unit suitable for children with asthma bronchial, whose exercises would also have influence ontheir faulty posture. An exercise unit is a part of the attachments. In the practical part, I have described three case reports, where the probands were children of pre-school and younger school age. Asthma bronchial had been diagnosed at these individuals. I have described not only their examination but also their work which differs from working with adults in some respects. Therapies were going on from November 2016 to March 2017 irregularly, but the individualshad their task of practicing at home under the supervision of trained parents.
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Chemokines of epithelial cells in bronchial asthma
Volfová, Dominika ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
Asthma is an allergic disease caused by adverse reactions to harmless antigens (allergens) and is characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils, Th2 lymphocytes, mast cells and neutrophils into the tissue site of inflammation, to the lungs. This accumulation of leukocytes is mediated by the generation of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines). Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins, functioning by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface. Binding of chemokines and their receptors is highly promiscuous and subsequent activation of effector cells is very heterogeneous, which can often complicate research in this area. However, chemokines and their receptors are important potential therapeutic targets in allergic diseases including asthma, mainly because of their central role in cell activation and inflammation. Chemokines are secreted by cells of the immune system and cells of various tissues of the body. Recently, attention turns to the role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by antigens produce cytokines and defense molecules used for the amplification of inflammatory processes and regulate the aktivity of effector cells. Impaired cytokine regulation may lead to the development of various lung diseases including asthma. This work...
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Asthma mixtum in prehospital emergency care
ZEZULÁKOVÁ, Michaela Anastázie
The theme of my bachelor thesis is Asthma mixtum in prehospital emergency care. In the theoretical part there is described the anatomy and physiology of the heart as well as anatomy and physiology of the air passages, so it is helpful for better understanding the issues of Asthma mixtum. Further chapters are focused on the definition of Emergency Medical Services, on the outgoing sections and their composition as well as on the rescuer worker and his necessary education and skills. Following chapter describes the clinical feature and pathophysiology Cardiac asthma, its causes and diagnosis, first aid, treatment and complications of the disease in the prehospital emergency care. In the next chapter, it is described asthma, clinical scene and pathophysiology of this disease. It is followed by its diagnosis, symptoms, first aid, treatment and complications in the prehospital emergency care. The last chapter of the theoretical part is concentrated on the mixtum asthma, the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment in the prehospital emergency care. The practical part was conducted by using qualitative research. There were used structured direct interviews with rescuer workers and nurses working at the Emergency Medical Services of the South Region. The interviews consisted 17 questions, which were focused on knowledge from the field of asthma mixtum. The interviews are transcribed in the practical part and the answers are prepared for clarity in the chartes. It was showed in the survey that rescuer workers and nurses working at the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region have theoretical knowledge from the field of asthma mixtum and that they know how to proceed with this disease at the point of action.
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Use of inhalation systems with asthma in connection with nursing
KLEINOVÁ, Irena
Asthma bronchiale is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, connected to bronchial hyperactivity leading to shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness and cough. It effects people of all age categories and cannot be efficiently cured nor prevented. The incidence ranks this disease among the most common children´s chronic diseases. It affects a significant part of the global population - records say about 300 million people. Its prevalence has dramatically increased over the last 20 years. It is estimated that in 2025 about 400 million people will suffer from asthma. Cornerstones of asthma control are based on early diagnostics, efficient treatment, adherence to lifestyle changes and proper use of inhalation devices. Once the treatment is effective and check-ups and the use of inhalation therapy are regular, the prognosis of asthma is very favourable and it is possible to improve the patient´s quality of life. The control over asthma and its maintenance is the main objective of treatment. This can be achieved by using anti-inflammatory therapy, especially in inhalation form. This Bachelor´s thesis focuses on mapping inhalation systems with patients with asthma bronchiale. To a large extent it deals with the issue of use of inhalation systems, keeping to lifestyle changes and the role of the nurse in asthma-specialized outpatient´s departments. We see the relevance of this topic in the fact that, despite all available literature and medical advice, many asthmatics still make mistakes in the inhalation technique. Wrongly selected inhalation systems or wrongly selected inhalation techniques results in therapeutic failures and problems of patients get worse. This does not maintain control over asthma. The fact that many asthmatics do not know their exact diagnosis and underestimate some symptoms is very alarming. In the introduction, the theoretical part focuses on the definition of the disease. Other chapters include causes and symptoms of asthma, its classification, diagnostics and treatment. It also provides information about the treatment of acute asthma attacks - exacerbation and the role of the nurse in examination of an asthmatic patient. A great part of the thesis deals with inhalation systems, their types and effects. The preparation for the use of manual handheld inhalers and nursing care for the asthmatic patient in outpatient and inpatient care is developed at the end of the theoretical part. The objective of this part was to summarize the current knowledge about this issue. The objective of the Bachelor´s thesis was to map the use of inhalation systems in patients with asthma bronchiale. The following research questions were used: How do nurses inform patients about the use of inhalation systems? What type of inhaler do patients like? What is the nurse´s involvement in the examination of asthmatic patients? What are the most common mistakes in the application with an inhaler? How do asthmatics keep to lifestyle changes? The practical part of the thesis contains the results of qualitative research which was made on the basis of the semi-structured interview. Final interviews were transcribed and subsequently processed by the technique of open coding. The research sample was made of 12 asthmatics and 9 nurses working in selected asthma-specialized outpatient´s departments. With respect to the results found, an information brochure was created - see Annex 7 - which is intended for use by asthmatics. We believe that the results of this thesis will be helpful for asthmatics and increase the interest of experts in this issue and will also address other people willing to take part in its solution.
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Prehospital emergency care for children with acute suffocation
VETÝŠKOVÁ, Petra
Bachelor thesis is prehospital emergency care for children with acute asphyxia. It discusses the treatment of children in prehospital care, whereby it becomes specific because care of children and adults is not always identical. Acute asphyxia is a very unpleasant condition, which requires expert intervention as fast as possible. Without help the patient's life can be threatened by loss of consciousness with shortness of breath. The theoretical section of the thesis deals initially with a concise outline of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, specifics of treatment of patients between the ages 0 to 18 years, at which the childhood is defined, and the subsequently described principle of correct communication with children and methods in the treatment of a child. The theoretical section of the thesis chiefly delineates the causes of acute asphyxia in children. The individual illnesses and injuries, which can affect children up to the age of 18, are characterized as inhalation breathlessness or expiration breathlessness. Illnesses mentioned in this thesis are acute tracheitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitida, allergic swelling, acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis and bronchial asthma. Injury is the inhalation of a foreign object. For individual illnesses, the causes, symptoms and prehospital emergency care, often diagnostics and first aid too, are described. The final chapter of the theoretical section concerns itself with emergency resuscitation of children. This bachelor thesis has three aims: to graph the frequency of occurrences of acute asphyxia in children in emergency service responses, to graph the causes of acute asphyxia in children in emergency service responses and to graph the awareness of paramedics of the correct provision of prehospital emergency care for children with acute asphyxia. The practical section of the thesis is divided into two sections. The data obtained in the first and second sections was evaluated and for improved transparency transcribed into tables and graphs, which were verbally described. Their evaluation corresponded to each research question. The frequency of occurrence of acute asphyxia in children in emergency medical service responses of the Southern Bohemian Emergency Services from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2013 included is 598 responses. It was ascertained that the frequency of occurrences has grown every year. The most common causes of occurrences of acute asphyxia in children in the responses from Emergency Medical Service of South Bohemia are acute inflammation of the larynx (acute laryngitis) and breathlessness (dyspnea). Further causes dealt with by emergency responses were for example foreign objects in a respiratory organ or respiratory failure. The results of the survey by questionnaire were evaluated too. The questionnaire survey method was then graphed so that the paramedics had sufficient knowledge about the provision of prehosptial emergency care of children with acute asphyxia. The data obtained and processed in the research section of the bachelor thesis bears witness to the fact that acute asphyxia in children in the emergency responses of the Emergency Medical Service of South Bohemia occur and the number of these responses is growing. Therefore, it is important to have information on the causes of acute asphyxia in children, to know the nature and symptoms of individual illnesses and injuries and above all to have information on the provision of prehospital emergency care of underage patients with this problem. It is then on the spot that the paramedics from the Southern Bohemian Emergency Services would have the optimal awareness about the provision of prehospital emergency care of children with acute asphyxia.
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Children´s bronchial asthma and its health social impact
JANDOVÁ, Martina
Asthma bronchiale is a common disease that affects a considerable part of population worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease of children, which represents a significant medical, social, and economic burdens, both for child affected by the disease and his/her family, and for the society as a whole. The consequences include absenteeism of children at school and parents due to necessary care of child as well as direct costs connected with therapy and preventative care. Thesis objective: The objective of my bachelor's thesis was to identify particular impacts of the disease, asthma bronchiale, upon family of a child suffering from this disease in the preschool and younger school age categories and to identify the level of information parents have about disease of their child. Hypotheses: 1) Parents have sufficient information about disease of their child. 2) Asthma bronchiale influences adversely the psychosocial situation of a child and his/her family Quantitative research approach was selected to verify the hypotheses. Data collection was performed using questionnaires handed out in pneumologist's and allergologist's office in Jindřichův Hradec. The questionnaire included 41 questions focusing on the mental and sociomedical aspects of asthma bronchiale. The target group for the questionnaire research comprised mothers, whose children are registered with these offices. The final set included 61 persons. Data collection: Results of this bachelor's thesis indicate that asthma bronchiale has a significant impact on the family from the medical, mental, economic, and social points of view. The objective of this thesis has been achieved. Results of the research performed indicate that hypotheses 1 and 2 were confirmed. Conclusion: We should be aware that asthma bronchiale is very common child's disease and it is a chronic disease with long-term risks that must not be underestimated. In the last fifty years, the prevalence of children suffering from asthma bronchiale has been on the rise constantly. Thus, an early diagnosis and a timely therapy have a positive influence upon reduction of the sickness rate, mortality, they improve the quality of life, reduce the economic costs and social burdens of patients and their families.
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