|
|
The impact of algal organic matter on coagulation of other impurities present in surface waters
Barešová, Magdalena
Drinking water treatment is facing an adverse impact of algae especially when they extensively decay and release cellular organic matter (COM). As the character and consequently the removal efficacy of COM depends on the individual species, the thesis compares algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four common phytoplankton species: green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima. To evaluate the differences between extracellular and cellular organic matter, we monitored the growth of those organisms and compared AOM obtained at different growth phases. As COM is not only difficult to coagulate, but also hinders the coagulation of other substances, the thesis investigates the effect of simultaneous coagulation of COM with other impurities present in surface waters: kaolin, humic substances (HS) or cyanobacterial cells of M. tenuissima. Coagulation behaviour was studied by the jar tests performed with single components and their mixtures with and without a coagulant (ferric or aluminium sulphate). Special emphasis was paid to proteinaceous COM of M. aeruginosa; to enhance the removability of proteinaceous matter we implemented pre-oxidation. Coagulation effectively removed turbidity (up to 99%) either of clay or...
|
|
|
Monitoring drug removal efficiency from water by selected adsorbents
Moravčíková, Světlana ; Talašová, Lucie (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the efficiency of removal of pharmaceuticals from drinking water by selected adsorption materials. The first part describes sources of pharmaceuticals in drinking water and possible ways of contaminating water by pharmaceuticals. Subsequently, the pharmaceuticals most commonly found in the environment - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, psychiatric drugs and sex hormones - are described in more detail. Next, the thesis describes the processes used for removal of pharmaceuticals. These are activated carbon adsorption, membrane processes and advanced oxidation processes. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis deals with water treatment plants, where the technologies for removing drugs are already in operation. In the practical part of this thesis an experiment was performed and evaluated, for a purpose of comparing the efficiency of selected sorption materials in the removal of diclofenac from water. Filtrasorb F100, Bayoxide E33 and GEH were used.
|
|
|
Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
|
|
|
Water treatment with tertiary degree
Marzinová, Kristýna ; Talašová, Lucie (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the treatment of drinking water with tertiary degree using activated carbon. In the first part there are described the types of water treatment by a single-stage treatment without separation stage, followed by water treatment with a single-stage and two-stage separation stage. The second part describes the treatment of water from a surface source by means of a third separation stage. In the last part it focuses on activated carbon its history, types and structure, then on production and reactivation. At the end of the thesis, an activated carbon filter is designed as well as a filter pipe. The work is accompanied by an attachment showing the cut and ground plan with activated carbon filter.
|
|
|
The impact of algal organic matter on coagulation of other impurities present in surface waters
Barešová, Magdalena
Drinking water treatment is facing an adverse impact of algae especially when they extensively decay and release cellular organic matter (COM). As the character and consequently the removal efficacy of COM depends on the individual species, the thesis compares algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four common phytoplankton species: green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima. To evaluate the differences between extracellular and cellular organic matter, we monitored the growth of those organisms and compared AOM obtained at different growth phases. As COM is not only difficult to coagulate, but also hinders the coagulation of other substances, the thesis investigates the effect of simultaneous coagulation of COM with other impurities present in surface waters: kaolin, humic substances (HS) or cyanobacterial cells of M. tenuissima. Coagulation behaviour was studied by the jar tests performed with single components and their mixtures with and without a coagulant (ferric or aluminium sulphate). Special emphasis was paid to proteinaceous COM of M. aeruginosa; to enhance the removability of proteinaceous matter we implemented pre-oxidation. Coagulation effectively removed turbidity (up to 99%) either of clay or...
|
|
|
Micropollutants in water resources and ways of their elimination
Lukášová, Daniela ; Látal,, Milan (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with micro-fuels in drinking water sources and their subsequent removal. In the thesis mainly pesticides and pharmaceuticals are described. The reader is first introduced to the most common pesticides occurring in water and their consumption. Drugs are described in a similar context. In addition, there are practical studies on the occurrence, degradation and removal of micro-pollutants from water. The final thesis is a laboratory experiment dealing with the removal of salicylic acid from water by filtration through the filtration material Bayoxide E33 and activated carbon. The thesis describes the procedure and results of the experiment.
|
|
|
The impact of algal organic matter on coagulation of other impurities present in surface waters
Barešová, Magdalena ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Ambrožová, Jana (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
Drinking water treatment is facing an adverse impact of algae especially when they extensively decay and release cellular organic matter (COM). As the character and consequently the removal efficacy of COM depends on the individual species, the thesis compares algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four common phytoplankton species: green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima. To evaluate the differences between extracellular and cellular organic matter, we monitored the growth of those organisms and compared AOM obtained at different growth phases. As COM is not only difficult to coagulate, but also hinders the coagulation of other substances, the thesis investigates the effect of simultaneous coagulation of COM with other impurities present in surface waters: kaolin, humic substances (HS) or cyanobacterial cells of M. tenuissima. Coagulation behaviour was studied by the jar tests performed with single components and their mixtures with and without a coagulant (ferric or aluminium sulphate). Special emphasis was paid to proteinaceous COM of M. aeruginosa; to enhance the removability of proteinaceous matter we implemented pre-oxidation. Coagulation effectively removed turbidity (up to 99%) either of clay or...
|
|
|
Adsorption of organic compounds onto activated carbon in water treatment process
Kopecká, Ivana
The dissertation thesis focuses on the application of activated carbon for the removal of low molecular weight algal organic matter (AOM) produced by phytoplankton during drinking water treatment, as well as on the effect of AOM on adsorption of anthropogenic micropollutants contained in raw water. The results of this study have been published in international peer-reviewed journals in 4 papers and in 2 conference contributions. The efficiency of AOM removal was studied in laboratory equilibrium and kinetic experiments using different types of granular activated carbon and cellular peptides with molecular weight < 10 kDa produced by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. It has been previously confirmed that these peptides are removed with difficulty during the conventional water treatment based on coagulation/flocculation processes and therefore, other methods need to be applied for their restriction. The effect of solution properties on peptide adsorption was assessed by the tests at different pH values and at variable ionic strengths. The negative impact of peptides on the adsorption of organic micropollutants present in raw water was simulated using competitive adsorption experiments with herbicides alachlor and...
|
|
|
Adsorption of organic compounds onto activated carbon in water treatment process
Kopecká, Ivana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
The dissertation thesis focuses on the application of activated carbon for the removal of low molecular weight algal organic matter (AOM) produced by phytoplankton during drinking water treatment, as well as on the effect of AOM on adsorption of anthropogenic micropollutants contained in raw water. The results of this study have been published in international peer-reviewed journals in 4 papers and in 2 conference contributions. The efficiency of AOM removal was studied in laboratory equilibrium and kinetic experiments using different types of granular activated carbon and cellular peptides with molecular weight < 10 kDa produced by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. It has been previously confirmed that these peptides are removed with difficulty during the conventional water treatment based on coagulation/flocculation processes and therefore, other methods need to be applied for their restriction. The effect of solution properties on peptide adsorption was assessed by the tests at different pH values and at variable ionic strengths. The negative impact of peptides on the adsorption of organic micropollutants present in raw water was simulated using competitive adsorption experiments with herbicides alachlor and...
|
|
|
Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
|
guest ::
