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The harmonization of family life and work within contemporary Czech society
SOUKUPOVÁ, Barbora
Over the last two decades, there has been many political, social, economical and cultural alterations that have brought a number of changes to the fabric of Czech society, equally effecting the workplace and family life. The aim of my work is to give a sociological review using my completed overview studies that reflect upon the consequences of these changes and mutually bind them between the workplace and family life. Using appropriate questions, the basis of my study is to discover how current conditions, particularly with women, compare with working and family responsibilities, e.g. what is the role of women in contemporary Czech society. My work also reflects upon how gender stereotypes emerge within the spheres of public and private life. Using carefully selected individuals, my work is further enriched with my own personal probing research, that observes how new conditions in the workplace reflect in people's private lives, how gender inequality continues in the workplace and how these two spheres bring influence and change to the fabric of Czech society.
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Participation of the Czech Women in the Politics of the First Republic and after the Year 1989.
JARATHOVÁ, Olga
This bachelor thesis deals with the participation of Czech women in the politics of the First Republic and after the year 1989. First chapter descripts the efforts of women to enter the high politics. It deals with their aspiration to equality of women and with the changes of current law. There are presented profiles of chosen woman representatives of the first Czech Parliament. As regards social problems of that time, there is paid attention especially to the prostitution, interruption and to the family policy. Second part deals shortly with betweentime of the years 1939 {--} 1989. It is the age of World War II. and the rule of communism. Third chapter is dedicated to the continual women´s movement, women´s organizations and associations. It draws near present family policy inspired by the equal opportunities policy, it shows possible barriers of the entrance of women to the politics and suggestion of solutions of improving of the participation of women in the high politics.
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The Impact of Change of the Parental Allowance on Decision of Mothers.
MARKOVÁ, Eva
Abstract By the end of 2007 the parental allowance was so high that many beneficiaries, especially those without any or low qualifications, never received a similar income in their job, which obviously resulted in a situation that some parents found it financially disadvantageous to return back to work. The new system of maternity leave makes it possible to draw the parental allowance during a shorter period of time whereas the amount paid differs depending on the time during which it is received. The objective of the graduation work was to map out the situation regarding the drawing of the parental allowance and reasons for choosing various options. The following hypotheses were determined based on this objective. 1st: Women who have the employment contract for a limited period of time pick a shorter alternative of parental leave than women with a contract for an unlimited period of time. 2nd: Women with a higher income select a shorter parental leave than women with a lower income. To obtain the necessary data to fulfill the determined objectives, the author used the questionnaire technique. The questionnaire was anonymous, it was filled in by women who have recently delivered a baby and it comprised 12 questions. 159 questionnaires were distributed during two months in 2008. The determined hypotheses were confirmed by the research. The results showed that the most preferred period of parental leave is three years with an income of 7600 CZK. As a reason for choosing this option the respondents answered that their employer ``reserves`` a job for them for three years and they can devote all their time to the baby. They find the amount of the allowance satisfactory. Most of them indicated they were yet to decide whether they were going to earn extra money during the parental leave and they did not know what they would do. If mothers need to leave their baby, people from their families usually babysit. Most of them would not trust a nurse. It was mostly young women (18 {--} 25 years of age) who indicated that they would not mind a nurse looking after their child. Changes which occurred in the field of parental leave and parental allowance need to be accompanied with relevant changes in other fields related to combining work and family, such as pre-school facilities and nursing centres for children younger than three years of age and also more flexible working hours. Family and employee policy should pay more attention to programmes supporting return to the labour market after the parental leave.
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Support of families with a handicapped child
LUKEŠOVÁ, Miloslava
The family means an environment in which human personality is formed, where human capital is created and where future generations are raised and educated. Its prosperity influences the development of the state as well as the cultural, social and economic development. It is always a stressful situation for the family if the newborn child is handicapped or if the handicap develops in a child so far healthy. There may be inevitable changes in parents´ employment, in the lifestyle of the family, in the way of spending free time and often even in the relationships within the family. One form of possible alleviation in such a situation is the existence of social services. Act no. 108/2006 on Social Services is aimed at specifying particular types of social services and related allowances as a tool for helping. The intended outcome is a healthy, competitive environment in this sphere and subsequent growth of social services network. The submitted bachelor thesis is based on qualitative research focused on the opinions and attitudes of handicapped children´s parents. The parents evaluated the current forms of support provided for their families, the offer of social services in their region and the services utilization. The thesis also surveys how much information is available to the parents as regards the system of social help and social services, what is their first experience regarding family care allowance. This allowance is a new form within the Czech social support system. The sample consisted of thirty parents of handicapped children and the data collection technique was based on semi-standardized interviews and content analysis. The survey results yielded the following hypothesis for prospective quantitative research: The interest of families with a handicapped child in broader offer of social services does not depend on the nominal value of allowances intended for covering the cost of these services.
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Multiple-length Parental Benefit as the Support for the Family
PÍSKOVÁ, Jana
Parental Benefit is the type of an allowance for families provided by the system of the social support in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the benefit payment is financial help coming from the state towards families with a child in times when a parent stays at home caring 24 hours for the child after the birth. Parental Benefit has been the most often amended benefit of all during its history. There were gradually introduced many changes in the length of payment, financial amount, also were introduced permissions to work while being paid benefits and the possibility to place a child in some kind of day-care institution for limited time period. The last one and the most complete amendment, which has been valid since 2008, introduced several ways of using the benefit: up to two years, three years, and four years of the child?s age. The Bachelor Work is focused on the importance of Parental Benefit as the financial support for families. There were set two goals: The first one was to find out if the current system with more time-period payments is comfortable for clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice. The second goal was to find out if the clients make use of provisions that allow them to work together with being paid benefits. There was set a sample research group consisting of clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice who applied for Parental Benefits. To reach the goal, there was chosen the strategy of quantitative research, requesting method, and the questionnaire. There were set two hypotheses: Hypothesis H1: "Most of clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice choose the basic form of Parental Benefit lasting up to three years of the child?s age". Hypothesis H2: "Most of clients registered at the Job Center in Strakonice use the possibility of working while being paid Parental Benefits". H1 was confirmed. H2 was not confirmed. The work was aimed to follow Parental Benefit from the view of parents who receive the benefit and to increase public awareness of using more versions of Parental Benefits. The outcome of the work is our finding that the most of clients prefer the version lasting three years. The clients who are not allowed to choose themselves one of the mentioned options are not satisfied with the slow version lasting up to the fourth year of the child?s age. I suggest allowing of choosing the basic version of Parental Benefit lasting up to three years of the child?s age for all the clients.
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Comparative analysis of the Czech and French policies in favour of natality
TICHÁNKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to present The Policy of natality, The Family Policy in Czech Republic and in France with a view to the social measures used to help the sustenance of natality and the families with their children like social benefits, the modification in labour law. My thesis is divided in five chapters. The first one describes briefly the history of natural population increase and migration in Czech Republic during 20th century. The second one is about history of natural population increase and migration in France during 20th century. The two following chapters describe the history about The policy of natality in France and Czech Republic during 20th century and the actual social measures used to help the families with their children. Finally chapter presents the analyse comparative of The Policy of natality, of The Family Policy and the analyse comparative of social measures in these countries.
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EU social policy including the comparison of the social systems in Germany and Sweden
Tůmová, Veronika ; Jeníček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Abrhám, Josef (referee)
The thesis describes the historical evolution of the EU social policy, clarifies the concept of the European social model and deals with characteristics of the basic models of the European social policy. The essential part of the thesis is devoted to the comparison of the social systems in Germany and Sweden from the point of view of the amount of taxes and social contributions, the structure of receipts and expenditure on social policy, the systems of old age pension schemes, the family policy and the unemployment benefit. The comparison shows some typical elements of the social state model that these two countries represent. The attention is also devoted to the contemporary challenges which the European social model has to face, especially the demographic development and aspects of globalization. The attitude and responses of the European Union to these challenges are also mentioned here.
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Analysis of pension reform with the introduction of a link between the number of children and pension
Bělošický, Alexandr ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hartlová, Alena (referee)
This thesis focuses on the analysis of non-traditional approach to reforming the pay-as-you-go pension system by introducing a link between the number of children and the amount of pension, which is known as the Children PAYG. An analysis of the concept in general and of specific proposals for reform with its application is performed in the analytical part. Attention is also given to related topics. One of them is to assess the impact of the pension system on fertility. Further issue is to examine the costs of raising a child that are shared by parents and society as a whole. One of the main outputs of this thesis is a summary of positive and negative features of the Children PAYG concept. The concept is considered applicable in domestic conditions based on this analysis. Finally there are two recommended approaches to the Czech pension reform, the first one is based on the concept of Children PAYG with limiting the role of family policy, the second one is based on maintaining current pay-as-you-go system in a limited form of so-called flat-rate pension with strengthening the role of family policy in financing the costs of raising children.
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The state support for families at the beginning of the third millennium
Vestfálová, Jana ; Antoš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kučerová, Jaroslava (referee)
The essay undertakes matters in subsidizing families in Czech Republic. After introduction consisted of cardinal issues are provide definitions of general terms. Changes in family structure and family functions depending on demographic transitions are widely characterized in third part. Particular description of subsidies provide in Czech Republic since 2008 is followed by analysis of these particular subsidies with emphasis on negative effects. In the last part of the work are made short comparisons with Great Britain, Sweden and Germany. The result evaluates Czech family policy as effective in the view of specified political aims.
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