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Using of soil microstructure in study of soil fauna bioturbation in post mining sites
Suchá, Linda ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
The paper follows up on previous analyses of changes in soil microstructure in the process of soil development on dumps around Sokolov, Czech Republic, using the soil thin section method. The distribution of structures in the topsoil of the profile was studied in two chronosequences, one overgrown with spontaneous vegetation and one reclaimed by alder planting. A comparison with historical data obtained at these locations 10 years ago was used, and, therefore, the same methods were also applied (Frouz et al., 2007b). The most distinct trend in the process of soil development over time, as observed through both a comparison of soil thin sections from various areas of chronosequence and changes in particular sites over time, is a gradual reduction of purely mineral structures and their replacement by organic matter - litter and its fragments, faecal pellets of arthropods, earthworms coprolites, and roots. This is illustrative of a high share of biogenic structures and a fundamental contribution of organisms to forming topsoil, a fact also pointed out by other authors. Keywords: Soil macrofauna; Soil microstructure; Soil thin section; Reclamation; Post-mining sites; Soil development; Earthworms
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Soil chemical and microbial properties in reclaimed and unreclaimed grasslands
Čížková, Barbora ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Cepáková, Šárka (referee)
For successful restoration of unstable ecosystems in the dumps recreating a fully functioning lan dis needed. Dump substrates often have poor grain composition, extreme pH or are toxic. They also lack important recent organic matter, which improves the overall quality of the soil and is therefore necessary for the development of quality and fertile soil. Therefore, restoration of ecosystems in the dumps is initially very slow. A number of reclamation measures was invented to accelerate this process - for example, heaping up of topsoil to dump substrates. With organic matter present in the topsoil soil formation is faster and often with their physical and chemical properties differ significantly from then developed soils. There has already been number of works written considering development of soils on the Velká podkrušnohorská výsypka so far, none of which, however, did not affect grasslands. The aim of this work was to obtain complete information about the development of chemical and microbial properties of soils that were recultivted by reclaimed topsoil and grassed and then to compare them with developments in the areas of overgrown spontaneous succession. It was found that the total carbon content increases with time only in the reclaimed areas and maximum of the increase is in the depth of...
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Nutrient budget in reclaimed and non reclaimed heaps
Veselá, Monika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
Extraction of mineral resources causes landscape degradation and the aim of reclamation efforts is to restore ecosystems. Our research was carried out on spoil heaps after brown coal mining near Sokolov (Czech Republic). We compared twenty years old spontaneously developed sites and reclaimed sites afforested by alders Alnus glutinosa and A. incana. Biomass and nutrient budget were evaluated for herbs and woody plants, separately for species Salix caprea, Populus tremula and Alnus glutionosa. Alder showed significantly higher concentrations of nitrogen and carbon compared to other tree species. The total amount of biomass, carbon and nitrogen was higher on reclaimed sites whereas phosphorus was more represented on spontaneously developed sites. Most of nitrogen was accumulated in the below-ground tree biomass and the largest amount of phosphorus was in the above-ground tree biomass. Woody plants of non-reclaimed sites produced more litter whilst litter of alder stands showed a higher concentration of nitrogen. Higher values of biomass, carbon and nitrogen of reclaimed sites were probably achieved through alder ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
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Development of soil horizons during soil formation on antropogenic substrates
Eichlerová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
This bachelor work is focused on the development of soil horizont during pedogenesis on anthropogenic substrates. In the theoretical part types of soil horizons, their formation and development, and the factors affecting these processes are described. The practical part address the question how the development of A and Oe horizons differ with different vegetation cover and slope position. This was studied in reclaimed spoil heap neat the Sokolov. Several soil samples were taken in, and the GPS position has been collected together with depth of A and Oe horizon. In the laboratory the pH was measured. Higher development of A horizon and lower pH were found under deciduous forests than under conifers. The thickness of the A horizon increased also from top to the bottom of the slope. Keywords: soil formation, soil horizon, post mining sites
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Foundation of traffic embankments on clayey landfills of SHR
Mužík, Vlastimil ; Boháč, Jan (advisor) ; Kudrna, Zdeněk (referee)
Title Foundation of traffic embankments on clayey landfills of SHR Abstract This Bachelor thesis was worked out for Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague led by Ing. J. Boháč. The thesis deals with motorway embankment over the landfill A. Zápotocký, which is part of motorway strech D8-0807/I. The thesis compiles research results, monitoring of trial embankments and monitoring performed by the own construction motorway embakment. Based on these data is determined the creep portion of the total settlement.
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Water regime of reclaimed and nonreclaimed heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kuráž, Václav (referee)
Summary: Great Podkrusnohorska spoil heaps in the Sokolov region in Western Bohemia is the largest spoil heaps in the Czech Republic, which was pour million tonnes of overburden soil surface mining of brown coal. The thesis is setting on the basic characteristics of the water regime and water balance of spoil heap soil and thus follows a series of previous works dealing with the comparative development of the reclaimed and unreclaimed area. The areas are long-term monitoring of soil moisture using a dielectric soil moisture meter total water regime was monitored by subsurface with gravitation lyzimeter, runoff and throughfall rainfall. Older unreclaimed plots as well as reclaimed plots have higher porosity, water field capacity and moistre than young sites, however there are limited by water deficiency in similatr way as young sites due to increase in wilting point. Keywords: Spoil heaps, Recultivation, Soil humidity, Water supply, Water balance
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Foundation of traffic embankments on clayey landfills of SHR
Mužík, Vlastimil ; Boháč, Jan (advisor) ; Rozsypal, Alexandr (referee)
4 Abstract This Bachelor thesis was worked out for Faculty of Science of Charles University in Prague supervised by J. Boháč. The thesis deals with motorway embankment over the A. Zápotocký landfill, which is a part of motorway strech D8-0807/I. The thesis compiles the monitoring data of the trial embankments and monitoring of final motorway embakment. Based on these data is the creep portion of the total settlement estimated.
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Microbial activity of deep subsurphace miocen sediments near Soklov
Galertová, Renata ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kryštůfek, Václav (referee)
In my diploma thesis I observed microbial activity in Miocene sediments collected at two different depths - 30 and 150 meters - in the "Družba" open-mine pit, which is located in Sokolov Brown Coal Basin. There were three different types of sediment: lamellar, amorphous and transitional. Samples were obtained under sterile conditions and following treatments were applied to the transitional sediment: addition of glucose, wetting and freezing. The aim of my study was to observe the activity of the original microflora at various depths and the impact of environmental factors that can affect the quarried claystones after being put on heaps. Microbial activity was evaluated by measuring released CO2 (titration). Obtained values of microbial activity did not show any differences between the respiration of sediments of different ages (depths), but differences between different types of sediments were significant, the highest values were found in lamellar sediment. Affection of samples then showed biota activity response suggesting that microbial communities at lower depths are limited by nutrients. Because the application of glucose did not show any noteworthy effect, we can assume that these communities are specialize on present fossil organic matter they are able to decompose, which is important especially in...
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Soil crust and its role in erosion of post mining sites
Fiedlerová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Lukešová, Alena (referee)
9 2 Abstract The object of the study was the soil crust, found on spoil tips after coal mining near Sokolov. Certain type of crusts were compared; non-biological, physico-chemical origin and biological crusts that are made up of algae, mosses and lichens. Individual samples of the crusts underwent the laboratory analysis - Water Drop Penetration Time, Sequencing Electron Microscopy, water infiltration, and field studies, where the measurements were taken by using the erosion pins, the surface of the crusts was evaluated and photographed stereoscopically. The results indicate that the the physical-chemical type of crusts show significantly greater erosion, while the biological crusts are less susceptible to erosion, this phenomenon is probably related to the mechanical firming of the surface. Keywords: Soil crust, Mining soil, Mining, Infiltration, Erosion
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Spoil heap heterogenity and its effect on vegetation
Pochmanová, Pavla ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (referee)
One of the major industrial activities in North West Bohemia is brown coal mining. Mines and heaps originated during the mining process represent main elements of adverse changes in the local landscape. They are causes of changes of all subsystems of landscape, soil and mineral environment, water situation, atmosphere, etc. Subsequent recovering of these impacts of mining activities is not easy in terms of technology or time. Reclamation engages in such activities. Its aim is to restore production function of land and to create a balanced, aesthetically, naturally and hygienically valuable landscape. This thesis deals with the development of mining and descriptions of various methods of reclamation with regard to the heterogeneity of reclaimed areas. In conclusion, own experiments carried on the surface of succession area "Radovesice XVII.B" are presented. Key words: succession, land reclamation, heaps tailings, mining activity and heterogenity
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