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Personality in spiny mice (genus Acomys)
Müllerová, Lenka ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
The differences in behaviour of animals are not found only between species or populations but also between individuals within a population. If individuals differ in their behaviour constantly in time and across various situations, then we find diverse personality among them. The aim of my diploma thesis was to seek personality in spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus). For verification of stability of behaviour (of the same age) in various situations we tested animals in series of behavioural tests focusing on activity, exploration and anxiety. Every test was repeated twice with each individual in order to verify the stability of their behaviour in time. It was demonstrated that the behaviour of experimental animals is repeatable across different situations in time (the results of tests were correlated between each other as well as between two series), thus we confirmed the existence personality in the animals. However the personality does not participate on the results of individual tests by a great degree, its occurance is more evident from the series of more tests. Animals differ from each other primarily in coping with new situations. Keywords: personality, series of behavioural tests, PCA
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Ethics and economics. Fair trade as an expression of solidarity?
Otec, Robert ; Brabec, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The aim of the thesis "Ethics and Economics. Fair Trade as an act of solidarity?" is to analyse the statistical data related to the Fair Trade system and their critical assessment regarding social ethics and sustainable development. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the core principles of social ethics and their impact on Fair Trade system, as well as the principle of equity in relation to Fair Trade. The aim of the second part is to evaluate the current state of Fair Trade, based on the statistical data acquired, and their critical assessment in light of aforementioned principles, as well as economic, social and environmental aspects. In conclusion a summary of acquired findings is made and the most important problems, which the system is currently tackling with, are mentioned. Based on this, suggestions on its improvement are made.
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Is daily activity in known environment correlated with activity in experimental apparatus?
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Petra
This study was aimed at daily activity of common vole (Microtus arvalis). The features as trajectory and differences in body weight were measured. Trajectory during three days long activity were compared with trajectory measured in Open Field Test. The impact of gender was assessed and change in body weight was analysed. Values as trajectory, mobility and mean velocity were gauged in Phenotyper and Open Field test, measuring were done in EthoVision (Noldus). Analysing proved differences between genders in body weight change. Correlation between trajectories and impact of gender at daily activity were not proved.
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Intraspecific variation of breath frequency during stress reaction in common vole (\kur{Microtus arvalis})
JANOCHOVÁ, Lenka
The goal of this study was to asses possible inter-individual differences in breath rate in common voles (\kur{Microtus arvalis}) and to evaluate its consistency. The next aim was to explore their potential relationship with personality characteristics of studied voles. Individual values of breath frequencies were measured by device consisting of respirometry chamber, a pressure sensor and an oscilloscope. Resting breath frequency (RBF) and stress breath frequency (SBF) were measured and their percentage difference was calculated. Personality characteristics of studied animals (reaction of Open Field test) were taken from the previous project. It was found that studied species shows consistent inter-individual differences in all measured breath rate parameters. Further, considerable evidence for close relationship between personality characteristics and individual SBF values and percentage differences between RBR and SBR was detected. Individuals with high values of SBF and percentage differences between RBF and SBF was assed as "shy"(anxious animals which get easy stressed) in Open Field test.
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Assessment of animal personality based on recaptures in bank vole (\kur{Clethrionomys glareolus})
ELEXHAUSEROVÁ, Anna
The aim of this study was to investigate the personality of bank vole using recaptures. Some behavioural types were determined (for example shy and bold) and influence of some factors on animal personality was defined (especially the daytime). The rate of repeatability of behaviour was also specified and the dependence of behaviour change on number of days between two captures was defined. Last, two types of tests used for animal personality were compared, indicating the differences between them.
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The role of personality in social interactions
NOVÁKOVÁ, Ivana
The aim of this study is to get together issues about animal personality and the way it is influenced by social environment. One part of this thesis is designing my own experiment, which is focused on the influence of social environment on mole-rat personality traits. This experiment will be done in masters degree.
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Birth and termination of unborn life
LUŇÁKOVÁ, Jana
The thesis deals with the problem of the origin of human life and abortion. It focuses on different approaches to the question as to when unborn human life becomes a person, and, consequently, when it should be guaranteed the right to life. The thesis is divided into four main chapters corresponding to four main aspects of the issue of abortion. The first chapter provides information from embryological (biological creation of man) and medical (abortion) perspective. The second chapter deals with the abortion legislation in the Czech Republic (history and current situation). The third chapter examines different ethical questions such as identity of the person, the right to decide about their own body, etc. The last chapter gives an account on person and abortion from the Christian point of view.
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Study of Validity ESK
MÍČAN, Vlastimil
The self {--} assess questionnaire ESK is constructed to measure the mental abilities of the person, his readiness for valuable and meaningful life. The target of the ESK is not to examine the psychological dimension of the person but to study his experience with using mental competences. The scores achieved in the questionnaire ESK do not describe permanent personality traits but they reflect the person{\crq}s present experience with using potential features, which are given everyone equally but people realize them to a different extent in their lives. The examined person is asked about his usual reactions, which enable him to cope with the life situations. The validity of many items is not evident, so the examined person does not know what is measured, which reduces the possibility that the answers are distorted in order to be social acceptable. The answers are divided into four basic scales, every two of these scales are merged into the higher factors and the total score is made out by combining these two factors. The total score expresses ``the overall fullness of the existence{\crqq} or ``the subjective perceived meaningfulness of the existence{\crqq}. The questionnaire was answered by 210 respondents and the survey results were compared with the austrian norms. Finally the correlative analysis of the questionnaires ESK and SPARO was made to find out relations between ESK scales and the personality structure of an individual.
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