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Trading with permits CO2
VROBEL, Radim
In this diploma thesis about the trading of permits CO2 to focus on the issue of release of carbon dioxide in a European context and its control through a system of tradable CO2 - EU ETS. I focus on the first two trading period of the EU ETS, in terms of allocated permits, price trends, and number of permits traded in the two periods in selected EU countries and the Czech Republic. The aim is to determine how appears a system of tradable CO2 permits in selected EU countries and the Czech Republic in the context of fulfillment obligations to reduce CO2 emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. The work compare the situation in the Czech Republic with selected EU countries in selected indicators of specific emissions trading and CO2. The work seeks to determine to what extent the ETS helps in improving the situation of individual countries in absolute production of CO2. The first chapter introduces the issue of climate change. It explains what are greenhouse gases, greenhouse effect and how this effect works. It acquaints readers with one greenhouse gas and that is carbon dioxide. Then the work explains how climate change takes place and there is also described climate history of the Earth, which is necessary to closer understanding of the issue. Then follows the description of international organizations, which deal with climate protection and have international influence. The second chapter focuses on ways to solution climate change. The bigger attention is devoted to the trading with carbon dioxide, than the work explaines the functioning of the European ETS, its development and global influence on the production and reduction of CO2. Than is the chapter devoted to notes and obligations that are promised in the Kyoto Protocol and closer specified the position of the Czech Republic in this Convention. In the third chapter compares the work selected countries of the European Union, which are the largest issuers of the Union's carbon dioxide. If it is possible to compare states in terms of their commitments and reduce CO2 implementation of these commitments. It appears that a large part of the EU Member States fulfill their obligations only partially, and some states it does not meet at all. For some selected countries we can see even an absolute increase in these emissions. Production of CO2 emissions is expressed in the comparison of selected countries in various indicators such as a production of CO2 per GDP or per inhabitant or per hectare of forest. It seems that not all states have aligned their emissions, which are important for sustainable development in that states. The last part compares selected countries in terms of allocated permits in the first and second ETS trading period and describes the evolution of both periods. Finally we performed a detailed analysis of price trends of permits especially in the first ETS period.
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Aktuální vývoj na světovém trhu emisemi skleníkových plynů
Vlček, Ondřej ; Dostálová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ondřej (referee)
Rostoucí emise skleníkových plynů přispívají k urychlování klimatické změny. Jednotlivé státy k řešení tohoto problému přistupují různými způsoby. Prozatím jediným globálním přístupem je Kjótský protokol. Kjótský protokol navrhuje k řešení klimatické změny využití flexibilních nástrojů - emisního obchodování a projektových mechanismů. Teorie i dosavadní praxe dokládá ekonomickou výhodnost těchto nástrojů. Použití systémů obchodování s emisemi skleníkových plynů se rozšiřuje i v zemích, které neratifikovaly Kjótský protokol. Práce hodnotí mimoevropské povinné systémy emisního obchodování zavedené i plánované.
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