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Nursing Care for Tight Bone Fractures in Children up to Five Years of Age
TROJANOVÁ, Veronika
Bachelor thesis deals with the issues of nursing care of children on plaster extension and their hospitalization in paediatric wards. The issue of childhood fractures is still an up-to-date topic as there is not enough literature on nursing care of these children. Children with broken tight bone up to five years of age are mostly treated by conservative methods by means of plaster extension. We set two main goals. The first goal was to find out how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward. The second goal focused on the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fractures hospitalized in paediatric ward. We set four research questions to these goals. The first research question deals with the benefit of hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture with his/her mother in paediatric ward. The second research question deals with satisfaction of the needs of a child with thigh bone fracture. The third question asks about the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. The fourth question examines possible complications that might occur in children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. Qualitative research by means of semi-structured interview with general nurses and with parents of children on plaster extension was used for elaboration of the bachelor thesis. The interviews were conducted from 16/2/ to 31/3/2013 in two hospitals in Prague and one hospital in Brno. The research sample consisted of six nurses working in paediatric wards and five parents hospitalized in paediatric wards with their children. The data were categorized in a Microsoft Word module and the categories were then commented. Literally transcribed quotations of respondents without linguistic revision can also be found here. The results show how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward and what the nursing care specifics are. The first research question dealt with hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture in paediatric ward. We found that children on plaster extension are usually hospitalized with their parents. They cope with the hospitalization well as their parents mostly take care about them. The nurses said that hospitalization with a parent is better for a child as a child is usually used to receiving care from his/her mother or father and is calmer. The second research question asked about the needs of a child on plaster extension. We came to a conclusion that the mother or father usually cares about all the needs of their child. We were particularly interested in the needs for nourishment, hygiene, evacuation and movement. The need for nourishment is satisfied lying down on bed, mostly with a spoon. If a child is fed with breast milk, it is served directly from the breast or from a baby bottle with human milk. Hygiene is also provided in bed by means of a plastic basin and washcloths. As for evacuation we came to the conclusion that children on plaster extension are usually evacuated in bed into napkins. Movement is that children on plaster extension have limited movement and that they mainly do what they can. The third research question examined the specifics of nursing care of a child with plaster extension. We found that extension is adjusted by means of ,,special bandages" and elastic roller bandages. The complete nursing care is provided in lying position in bed. The fourth research question dealt with specific complications that might occur in these children. All the nurses mentioned the possibility of defect occurrence under the plaster. We came to a conclusion that extensive care about leg skin is necessary. This thesis should provide information on plaster extension and subsequent elimination of mistakes that might occur in the care of a child with thigh bone fracture on plaster extension.
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Use of Retraining for Jobseekers to Increase Applicability in the Labour Market
VYBÍRALOVÁ, Lucie
The topic of my thesis is the retraining as one of the forms of the lifelong learning and its place in the employment policy context and the labour market in the Czech Republic. A new implement of an active employment policy has been used in the Job centres in the Czech Republic since January 2012 - so called ´chosen qualification´. Job applicants themselves chose a retraining programme which will be needed for their later employment in the labour market. It is also in their competence to choose an institution responsible for the retraining. This includes atypical courses which are not offered by the Job centres of the Czech Republic. These courses usually lead to start new business. In my research I have focused on the number of applicants who underwent this new retraining in the Jindřichův Hradec district and also on the question whether the applicants are motivated by this unusual retraining more than by the classical one offered by the Job centres. The goal of the theoretical part of my work deals with topics of the passive and active employment policy, retraining and corresponding terminology. The Job centres of the Czech Republic and their contact workplace in Jindřichův Hradec, the employment situation in this district and work with job applicants have also been described. The combination of data analysis taken from the Job centres of the Czech Republic and qualitative research were chosen to achieve the goal and verification of the hypothesis. In particular, the data based on the materials gained from the Job centres of the Czech Republic from years 2008-2012 and semi-controlled interviews to support the data analysis were used. This interviews with three respondents registered in the contact workplace of the Job centre in Jindřichův Hradec were run in March 2013. Each of the respondents chose a different type of the retraining. The main goal was to compare if the chosen retraining was more effective and motivating than the classical one arranged by the Job centre. I have also concentrated on the comparison of state funding and European social fund. Two hypotheses and one research question were stated for the research. Hypothesis number 1: The chosen retraining helps to increase employment of the job applicants. Hypothesis number 2: Resources from European funds provably help to increase the number of applicants - those who are being retrained. Research question: Does the opportunity of a retraining motivate the job applicants to change current qualification? The research outcomes confirm both hypotheses. This project could help to increase the awareness of one of the tools of the active employment policy - retraining - and also serve as study materials for other students. It can provide a feedback on the opinions of job applicants for the District subdivision of the Job centre in České Budějovice.
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Makroekonomický vývoj československé a české ekonomiky od roku 1990
Štefánik, Rudolf ; Janáček, Kamil (advisor) ; Burgerová, Jiřina (referee)
Cílem diplomové práce je poukázat na poměrně zajímavý ekonomický vývoj nejprve Československa a posléze již samostatné České republiky. Práce se zaměřuje především na úvodní transformační fází těchto zemí, která vyústila v měnovou krizi a hospodářskou recesi, dále otázce inflačního cílování a nakonec problematice vstupu ČR do eurozóny. Tyto tři etapy ekonomického vývoje nelze sledovat odděleně, ale je potřeba je analyzovat ve vzájemné souvislosti. Dnes je pro ČR z ekonomického hlediska hlavním problémem otázka vhodného načasování vstupu do ERM II a následně do EMU. Pro tento účel bude muset ovšem splnit mnohdy kritizované maastrichtské kritéria.
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