|
|
Performance Comparison of Geldings and Stallions in Horse Racing
Johánková, Dominika ; Rozinek, Jiří (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
The castration of a stallion is a significant intervention into his anatomy, physiology, temperament and behavior. Combination of physical and character traits of racehorses and interplays with the jockeys is necessary For excellent athletic performance and success on the race track. People hold a discussion how the castration of the stallion affect its athletic performance and success on the racetrack. In this thesis, we want to confirm that the castration of an excellent racing stallion will not affect its subsequent athletic performance and success on the race track. Therefore, the results will be compared with several groups of stallions and geldings in a steeplechase with the longest tradition in the Czech Republic - the Velká pardubická. It will also have a respect to the experience of trainers and riders on the differences of training with stallion or gelding. The results of this research may lead to new specific arguments in this unending debate.
The introductory section summarizes the findings of the anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system of a stallions. These are essential for the understanding of the following section, which describes procedures for castration of a stallions, possible complications and its effect on the physiology, physique and character of the individual.
Velká pardubická steeplechase is rightly regarded as the toughest horse race in continental Europe, whose history began in the 70s of the 19th century. The race course changed several times in the past, due to both World Wars and later with regard to the safety of horses and riders. Currently, the race course measures 6,900 meters and has 31 obstacles.
The Velká pardubická was attended by 1,043 horses, some of whom participated in the race several times. Overall, there were 1,658 starting horses - 455 stallions, 397 mares and 806 geldings. All these horses were divided into 5 groups. The horses were evaluated based on the ranking from first to fifth place. All data were entered and subsequently analysed in the statistical program SAS Enterprise Guide 4.3. For each period were realized descriptive statistics of each sex and data set. Two-sample tests were used for comparing the athletic performance of stallions with geldings.
|
|
|
Apoptotic changes in frozen-thawed ejaculate in stallions.
Bubeníčková, Filipa ; Šichtař, Jiří (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee)
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of incubation time, types of packaging , extenders and stallion´s individuality for the presence of apoptotic sperms after thawing insemination doses (ID).
The semen was collected from six Old Kladrubian stallions by standard collection method. Collected ejaculates were diluted with two extender types (GENT and LAKT) and filled into 0.5 ml straws and 5 ml aluminum tubes in which were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. The ID were evaluated for the presence of apoptotic sperm immediately after thawing (37 °C, 30 - 60 sec.) and after incubation 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after thawing using fluorochromes Yo-Pro 1, propidium iodide and fluorescence microscopy.
There was a statistically significant difference in the presence of apoptotic sperms in the ID diluted with different types of extender. In the ID frozen in Gent was higher number of apoptotic and apoptotic sperms from the total number of live cells. This results suggest a better survival rate of sperm in the extender Gent compared with lactate extender. It was shown the effect of packaging types for the presence of apoptotic sperms in the ID after thawing. Immediately after thawing there was statistically significantly higher average proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa in 5 ml tubes than in 0.5 ml straws. With incubation time the tests did not demonstrate any significant differences between different types of packaging. However, the percentage of apoptotic sperm cells from the total number of viable cells was higher in 0.5 ml straws. Nevertheless this difference was observed as statistically significant only after 1 hour incubation. When we compared the combination of the extender and the packaging type there were evident relevant differences. The common use of Gent and 5 ml tubes seems to give the best outcome.
The stallion´s individuality had significant effect on the presence of apoptotic sperms in cryopreserved ID. To increase the quality of produced ID it must be treated individually to each stallion, especially in case of the Old Kladrubian horse breed. High level of inbreeding can significantly affect semen quality and the success of reproduction.
|
|
|
Charakteristika reprodukčních vlastností hřebců působících v inseminaci
BÚDOVÁ, Alena
One of the requirements for a successful insemination in horse breeding is the selection of quality stallions which produced ejaculate in enough quantities and of good quality. For this purpose were discovered methods of dealing with the evaluation of semen quality. In this dissertation was ejaculate evaluated by using an objective computerized method CASA, system SCA. Monitoring the quality of sperm was performed on 11 breeding stallions involved in artificial insemination fresh sperm in ZH Písek. 53 samples of ejaculate were evaluated. Volume, sperm concentration, total and progressive motility and sperm vitality were monitored. Volume of ejaculate was from 20 to 127.5 ml. Average values of sperm concentration for individual stallions were from 104.18 to 384.4 M/ml. Average values of total motility were moving by interval from 51.23 to 89.54 %. Average progressive motility was move from 12.99 to 47.12 %. At sperm vitality were discovered average results from 35.16 to 71.21 %. The average value of individual stallions was identical to the Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture, which sets minimum requirements for quality indicators for short-term preservation of semen. Also the quality of the semen of stallions was compared by age. The first group was made by stallions to 10 years old and the second group were older stallions. It was found that the younger stallions to 10 years had higher semen volume and greater sperm concentration. Stallions older over 10 years had higher levels of total and progressive motility and sperm vitality. Next ejaculate quality was evaluate by the time interval between samples. Regular taken from stallions is doing better ejaculate quality but the time interval between samples is important. The best values were found in samples with interval between the sampling 4 or more days. The worst quality of sperm was in the samples with the interval between 1-2 days.
|
|
|
Objektivní hodnocení mechaniky pohybu hříbat chladnokrevných koní
KOČVAROVÁ, Ivana
Goal of this study was to assess movement mechanics quality of cold-blooded breed foals (being bred in rearing houses), determine changes in movement mechanics as the breeding advances, and spot possible differences between the cold-blooded breeds in an objective manner.Quality of movement was tracked in two breeding houses in the years 2014 and 2015 and 48 stallion foals aged one, two and three years were included in this study. 24 stallions were of the breed Czech-Moravian Belgian horse, 15 Silesian Noriker and 9 Noriker. All stallions had been weighed in three-month intervals, 13 body measurements were taken and video technology was used to record their movement while being led. Recording was used to determine stride length and height span of right front and right hind leg movement. 354 measurements have been evaluated. Walk characteristics were determined at standardized movement speed of 75m.min-1. Foals bred at an altitude of 650 m were found to have flatter and longer strides than those bred at an altitude of 420 m. The outcome of inter-breed comparison was that Silesian Noriker have the longest stride, while Noriker have the biggest limb movement span. As foals grew older, stride length got slightly longer, while the limb movement span remained without major alterations.
|
|
|
Uplatnění inseminace v chovu koní v České republice
BARTOŇOVÁ, Bohdana
Aplication of modern biotechnology method, artificial insemination is very important for genetics control in horses. Only with application of insemination it is possible to ensure sufficient number of offspring of one stallion for objective evaluation of inheritance of particular genes. This thesis aims to collect information about current situation and results in horse breeding in the Czech republic. Reproduction indicatiors were evaluated within the Czech Warmblood breed in 2010 2015. The data was obtained from Czech warmblood breeders association yearbooks, analysed and compared to results of reproduction in selected species of farm animals (cattle, sheeps), obtained from corresponding yearbooks, registred by Bohemian-Moravian breeders association. In years of 2010-2015, 4320 artificial inseminations were recorded in Czech warmblood breeding. The number of foals born after artificial insemination was 1745, after natural breeding it was 1359. Average fertility in artificial insemination was 56,10 %, in natural breeding 49,34 %. In comparison of reproduction indicators with selected species of farm animals it was found out, that in horse breeding, evaluation of fertility of is considerably simpler than in other farm animals, since there are less indicatiors for evaluation. Different reproduction indicatiors are evaluated in cattle and sheep breeding.The reason might be in more focus on sport preformance in horses, than to reproduction indicators, that are not openly available.
|
|
|
Analýza chovu plemene Shagya-arab v České republice
Zápařková, Kateřina
The aim of this thesis was the first part of their work to process data on the number of foals born, import and export, trends in breeds of horses Shagya Arabian (Sh-a) and data horse's active Sh-a in the Czech Republic for the year 2014. The data were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and have created graphs. However, the number of foals born, it was found that most of them were born in 2009 and 2002. Import greatly outweighed exports, but in recent years also began to flourish and export. States Shagya-Arabians in the Czech Republic since 1994, continues to grow. In 2014, the Czech Republic 283 broodmares, 176 geldings, 142 mares, 133 stallions and 31 sire. In the second part of their work was the aim statistically evaluate data mares entered in the Stud book. This program was used Unistat 5.5. First, the statistical effect was studied by GLM and positive results have been used multiple comparisons by Tukey-B. It was found that on the basic colour has a highly significant influence line and family. Were examined influences on 4 basic body measurements (withers high tape, withers high rod, chest circumference, circumference of the cannon bone), where it was found that withers high tape, withers high rod, and chest circumference have a statistically significant effect of a family and line. The overall gain points is statistically highly significant influence lines and the number of ox 4th generation.
|
|
|
Performance tests warm-blood stallions and their evalaution
BÚDOVÁ, Alena
The bachelor´s work deals with the performance tests of warm-blooded stallions and their evaluation. The progress and result of testing performance of warm-blooded stallions in the Czech Republic is analysed in the bachelor's work. The methods of testing stallions are described in the text.The stallions are evaluated under the mare. They can be placed into tested breeding. They have to meet the requirements for granting a pre-selection of stallions into breeding. Then they have to complete a 70day-long test and a performance test successfully. They are evaluated according to competitions for young horses and according to their sports performance. Their offspring are tested. The share of each foreign breeds in the Czech Republic is described in the work. Their testing in neighboring countries in selected breeders associations is described, too. The data were drawn from the records of the Czech warmblood breeders association, Central registry of horses and Czech equestrian federation. It was compiled into tables, graphs and then evaluated in the program Statistica. In the end of the work it was found out, that the number of mares reduces (245 mares less per year in average) and the number of newborn foals is reducing too (average of 139 per year) in the Czech Republic. 354 stallions were placed into tested breedings in the years from 2009 to 2013. From this period only 6 stallions finished the 70-day-long test successfully. The Czech warmblood breed still has the largest number of participants in the pre-selection and the performance test after the 70-day-long test. Every year in the Czech Republic the number of participants and numbers of starts in showjumping and dressage competitions are increasing.
|
|
|
The processing of the cold-blooded stallions catalogue
RAJŠLOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis deals with the processing of the cold-blooded stallions catalogue, which should help to breeders in selecting of a stallion. The main sources for the bachelor thesis were especially catalogues published by breeding organisations in the Czech Republic together with catalogues provided by organisations in other countries. As other sources have also been used catalogues with breeding bulls, especially for a very sophisticated estimates of the breeding values. When comparing the dates provided by various organisations, it was found that in none of Czech catalogues are not the results of the breeding value estimations. In contrast, in the current world it is common to state the breeding values for dressage, jumping, exterior and sometimes also physical dimensions with the sport horses. Mostly are these breeding values completed with a graph. That is why the breeding values for linear features of the exterior description together with the graph adequate to these values were complemented into the design of the cold-blooded stallions catalogue, so that the breeders can compare individual stallions and choose the most suitable one. In conclusion, the established results were evaluated and the methods which follows to improvement of the catalogue in the Czech Republic were suggested. Mainly which information is important to fill into the catalogue and in which period the catalogue should be actualised.
|
|
|
Performance tests of cold-blooded horses and their evaluation
PÁTEK, Ladislav
Performance tests are necessary to determine the performance and individual character traits of the horse, which are needed for inclusion in breeding. The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the performance tests and the method of evaluation. At first, the thesis compares the system and evaluation of tests of cold-blooded horses in the Czech Republic and neighbouring countries. The following section compares the performance requirements for stallions and mares. Then there was compared the performance of different breeds. The following part deals with determining, how the year of performance tests affected the evaluation of individual disciplines. The last part of the thesis deals with observing the influence of the breed on evaluation of individual disciplines.
|
|
|
EVALUATION OF WARMBLOOD STALLION PERFORMANCE TESTING SYSTEM
OSTRÝ, Václav
The thesis evaluates the performance testing system of Czech Warmblood stallions. Data acquired from basic stallion preformance test were analysed. Analysed data covered figures of 302 stallions from 9 test stations, taken in years 2007 to 2010. 12 traits of each stallion were analysed. Only basic statistic characteristics were used. Traits were compared by years, testing stations and especially by preferred sirs. The statistic evaluation of traits pointed the best sirs for breeding. Average marks and variability of offspring were taken into acount. Best sirs were Le Patron (x? = 7,84; variability = 2,5 %, Porter (x? = 7,73; variability = 3,0 %) Catango Z (x? = 7,86; variability = 4,4 %) and Przedswit XVI - 12 (x? = 7,85; variabiliy = 4,7 %). Suggestions for improvment of objectivity in performance testing system of Czech Warmblood were given on basis of evaluation component trait/overal score relations. Frequent usage of foreign stallions in Czech Warmblood breeding is common. It is importatnt, for breeders to be familiar with performance testing of foreign breeds. Therefore short description of stallion performence testing across Europe is included in thesis.
|
guest ::
