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Contents of mercury in edible mushrooms growing in a historical silver-mining area
BÍLÁ, Eva
Contents of mercury were determined using AAS method (instrument AMA-254) in 109 fruiting body samples of 14 edible mushroom species. The mushrooms were collected from a forest of a historical area of silver mining. The highest mercury accumulation was observed in samples of Boletus aestivalis, Maccrolepiota procera and Boletus edulis. Mercury content was highly comparable with concentrations observed in unpolluted sites.
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Indirect speciation of mercury in soils and sediments with cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Jitka
In the diploma thesis have been tested four extraction techniques for isolation of organic forms of mercury from sediments (liquid liquid extraction, microwave extraction in liquid liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and extraction with use of ionic exchange) followed by determination of mercury by atomic absorption spectrometer AMA?254. It has been achieved great results during liquid liquid extraction likewise ionic exchange extraction. Reached percents of orgHg were in accord with certified reference material for sediments CRM-580 and corresponded to 86,44 ? 16,63 %, resp. 87,01 ? 29,22 %. Thanks to a simple procedure, extraction speed and ease of determination of organic forms of mercury contain was first of all (in the first instance) verified a method with use of ionic exchange, whose principle and procedure is very elementary. This technique was applied to a number of real sediment samples collected from water tanks Jordan and Skalka. It was approved that this method has been presenting a suitable alternative to chromatographic methods or methods of electro?migration.
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Occurrence of mercury in the soil around upper stream Ohře
MILLER, Zbyněk
The aim of this study was to summarize information about the behavior of mercury in soils, particularly the assessment of its mobility and bioavailability, and to verify the extent of contamination of alluvial soils under the reservoir Skalka. This research was aimed to evaluate the contamination of mercury floodplain soils with mercury belong the upper river Ohře near the town of Chvoječná, near 230th river kilometer. River sediments of the upper river Ohře and the surrounding alluvial soils in floodplains contain high mercury levels. The site has been sampled for mercury analysis of soil samples taken from farmed areas, which are expected enrichment of mercury deposits of the inserted river Ohře. There were two main types of land-use, permanent grassland and arable land. The observed results can be concluded that the river floodplain sediments enrich the soil with mercury. Analytical method (atomic absorption spectrometry, CV-AAS) showed that almost all surface soil samples from the flooded area exceeds the maximum allowed value (for light soils 0.6 mg.kg-1 and other land 0.8 mg.kg-1 ) that are designated for agricultural land. Indicative of mercury was determined by mobility, which was up to 2.18%. Levels of organic forms of mercury were also measured in the soils that reached the area of grassland 2 maximum 0.147 mg.kg-1; the subsidiary surface S1 had the relative distribution of organic mercury 10.98% at a depth of 101-140 cm.
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Evaluation of fish contamination in selected fishing districts
ČERVENÝ, Daniel
The object of this thesis is the assessment of fish contamination by selected foreign substances as toxic metals, polychlorinated bifenyls and dioxines in selected fishing districts. For the thesis' purpose the attractive fishing districts Vltava 20 - Kořensko (421090), Údolní nádrž Rozkoš (451200), Odrava 1 ? ÚN Jesenice (431200) and Vltava 28 P (423040) were selected. Fish were caught by electric device and fishing rods. Foreign substances content monitoring was made in fish muscle tissues from selected locality. Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, PCB, DDT, HCH, HCB, and dioxines in fish muscle tissues were monitored.
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Mercury contents in mushrooms growing nearby a reservoir Skalka
SZABOVÁ, Martina
Contents of mercury were determined using AAS method (instrument AMA-254) in 64 fruiting body samples of 15 edible mushroom species. The mushrooms were collected from a forest nearby a reservoir Skalka. The highest mercury accumulation was observed in a sample of Boletus edulis (15.5 mg/ kg dry matter). Mercury contents were highly comparable with concentrations observed in unpolluted sites. It can be therefore concluded that mercury contents in mushroom from the observed area do not represent any health risk.
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Dangerous substances in electrical apparatus
VÁVROVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of dangerous substances in electric aparatus on environment and also on human. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe toxicological characteristics of dangerous substances in electric apparaus and to find out people´s awareness about electro apparatus hazardousness and electric waste by mean of questionnaires. The thesis first descibe the laws concerning this problem either from the view of dangerous substances or from the view of dangerous waste. Furthermore in the thesis the data taken out of two age groups by questionnaires were elaborated. The questionnaires were focused on the knowledge of dangerous substances and dangerous waste. Toxicological characteristics of dangrous metals are also descbibed in this part.
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The Mercury Content in Fish from the Jordán Resesvoir in Tábor.
KUBECOVÁ, Jana
The aim of those study was to find out an up-to date content of mercury in the tissues of fish in the dam reservoir Jordan in Tabor. To compare particular fish according to their species, age and dietary strategy and their capability to accumulate mercury. The distribution and the mutual rates of total content of mercury in particular tissues of carnivorous and non-carnivorous species of fish were determined (muscle, liver, kidneys). Dedicated atomic absorption spectrophotometer AMA 254 was used to determine the total content of mercury. The results show that exceeding the former hygienic limit 0.1 mg.kg-1 w. w. in the muscle of non-carnivorous fish with almost all samples. It was the low-age carnivorous species of fish was probably the cause that the hygienic limit (0,5 mg.kg-1 w. w.) was exceeded only rarely (in the muscle a five-year-old asp, Aspius aspius, 0,888 {$\pm$} 0,041 mg.kg-1 w. w.). The pond Kosin located above the dam reservoir Jordan was exploitation as a comparative locality. The average content of mercury in the muscle of selected indicator species of fish in the reservoir Jordan - bream large (Abramis brama) at the age of 5 years - it was 0,241 {$\pm$} 0,080 mg.kg-1 w. w., whereas from comparative locality, from the pond Kosin, for the same species and age of fish it was only 0,045 {$\pm$} 0,008 mg.kg-1 w.w., i.e. more than five times more of the content in comparison with an unweighted locality. The realized results also show that the burden of the fish with mercury for a common consumer does not exceed neither the {\clqq}hazard index`` (HI) nor the toxicological limit ( the maximum recommended ration a week from the food is 1,6 {$\mu$}g MeHg per 1 kg of body weight according) to the WHO. However, with more intensive consumption of mainly carnivorous fish from the reservoir Jordan, e.g. of the sport fishermen´s family members, it could cause risk from this consumption ( i.e. HI > 1). Further work should be aimed at monitoring of the content of mercury in the tissues of mainly predators of higher age category.
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Mercury contents in mushrooms growing nearby a factory producing ammunition and an industrial shooting-range
BRÁZDOVÁ, Lenka
Contents of mercury were determined using AAS method (instrument AMA-254) in 119 fruiting body samples of 41 mostly edible mushroom species. The mushrooms were collected from a forest near by the ammunition factory and its industrial shooting-range (fy Sellier & Bellot, Vlašim, Czech Republic). The highest mercury accumulation was observed in samples of Agaricus arvensis, Lepista nuda, Calocybe gambosa and Russu-la nigricans. Mercury content was highly comparable with concentrations observed in unpolluted sites.
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Occurrence of mercury in the soil.
MACHOVÁ, Zdeňka
ABSRTACT Mercury occur in atmosphere, in water also in soil. Work deal with compile literary background research about occurrence mercury in soils and decontamination contaminated soils. Decontamination they may proceed by the help of electrokinetics method, pyrometallurgical processes, biochemical processes and by the help of plants. Work is supplemented about experimental partthat the was compile - time on experimental localities. Main experimental locality finds not far off municipality Velký Chuchelec on Českokrumlovsko. Two next locations find near municipality Břehov on Českobudejovicko and municipality Lužice not far off Netolice on Prachaticko. Locality near Velký Chuchelec is in a number of ways managed meadow. In locality Břehov was take away exhibits arable land and in locality Lusatia was exhibits take away from arable soil, meadowland and wood. Total content mercury in soil was given by the help of atomic absorbtion spectrometry(AAS). Record was compared among single parts locations Velký Chuchelec that the was variously managed. Was processed by the help of statistical methods ANOVA and for content general mercury was quantified correlation with lysimeter waters and with oxidable carbon and organic carbonr. Further was compared contents total mercury among localities mutually and among variants wood, arable land and meadow. Was ascertained that the on experimental locality near Velký Chuchelec was included at least total mercury on flat 1, plot managed skiving three times per annum and amended NPK fertilizers, average content do 0,0265 {$\mu$}g/g. On the contrary high value in those locality was on plot managed mulching in combination with skiving also on flat 1, average value was 0,1171 {$\mu$}g/g. In comparison of others localities was documentary downtrend near kind soil. Differences content mercury in soil among forest soil, meadow and arable soil was conclusive. Downward trend was in sequence: forest soil F+H > meadowland > forest soil A1+A2 > arable land, with next average values in mentioned sequence: 0,1896 {$\mu$}g/g > 0,0924 {$\mu$}g/g > 0,0517{$\mu$}g/g > 0,0401 {$\mu$}g/g.
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The Content of Mercury and Lead in Sediments from Vltava River and Lipno Reservoir.
MAŘÍKOVÁ, Helena
The aim of this thesis was to define and evaluate the load of sediments by exposure of mercury and lead on the upper flow of the Vltava river and in the Lipno lake. To evaluate possible influence of the glass factory in Lenora for pollution of this area by toxic metals mentioned above. The literature survey refers about problems of mercury and lead content in fresh water and reservoirs sediments, the structure of toxic heavy metals and risks of their release in the enviroment, then in chemical composition of water reservoirs. It also engages in glass manufacturing problems in the glass factory in Lenora, especially the raw materials, which where obviously used for its manufacture. Experimental part describes profile of sampling points, working methods, used chemicals and results of individual analyses. Sediments of the Lipno reservoir and the upper flow of the Vltava river aren{\crq}t seriously loaded with mercury or lead, but in the sediments below Lenora was shown multiple increase of lead and mercury content in comparison with the background. Forest soils has higher mercury content in all localities in comparison with the sediments. On the contrary, the content of EDTA-extractable lead in soils is lower. Detected isotopic ratio of lead 206/207 and 208/206 in sediments of the Vltava river below the glass factory in Lenora have different signature in comparison with the signature of sediments from the Vltava river above the glass factory. On the contrary the signature of lead in all sediments of the Lipno reservoir showed values relevant to natural background of this locality. The structure which corresponds to the lead from the glass factory was also surprisingly detected in humic horizont of the forest soils in Lenora{\crq}s surroundings. The thesis was extended with fish samples from Lipno reservoir and their liver{\crq}s load by lead and mercury content. There were determined isotop ratio (signature) of lead in the fish, the izotop ratio of lead not corresponds to the lead signature from the glass factory in Lenora.
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