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The incidence of poor posture at the primary school in the district of Pribram.
WALENKOVÁ, Veronika
The causes of musculoskeletal disorders, at present affecting a considerable pro-portion of the adult population and leading to poor posture, are to be looked for as early as in childhood. In recent decades an enormous increase in poor posture in the children of younger and older school-age has occurred, which is in most cases the result of a bad lifestyle. The lack of physical activity, an inappropriate school regime, unsuitable school furniture or heavy backpacks the children carry on their backs every day are the in-fluencing factors. Another aspect that can lead to poor posture in children is a relatively high number of children with flat feet. An inappropriate lifestyle and one-sidedness of modern life also leads to obesity and thus the restriction of movement in children. In my thesis I focused on poor posture in pupils of selected primary schools in the district of Příbram. The monitored group was children aged 8-15 years, attending 3-9 primary school grades. The purpose of my diploma thesis was to assess the prevalence of poor posture in primary school pupils in relation to their lifestyle and physical activity, to survey the risk factors leading to poor posture in these children, and to map the connection of poor posture in primary school children with prevalence of flat feet in children. In relation to the purpose I stated three hypotheses, assuming that children with a wrong lifestyle and an insufficient physical activity are more prone to poor posture, that the children influenced by more risk factors suffer more often from musculoskeletal disorders and poor posture and also that the children with flat feet are more predisposed to poor posture. To conduct the research, I chose the methodology of quantitative descriptive study through questionnaires. The research was carried out in two schools differently specialized, one of the schools is focused on mathematics and computer science and implements the program the Health Promoting School (Primary School Jiráskovy sady in Příbram), the second is focused on sports, particularly volleyball (Primary School Pod Svatou Horou Příbram). A total of 340 children from both schools were addressed by identical question-naires. The questionnaire was anonymous and the questions were directed primarily at these children lifestyle assessment. The questionnaire contained 37 questions in total, focused primarily on the principles of healthy lifestyle, physical activity, leisure activi-ties, school furniture, the school work regime and the prevalence of poor posture and flat feet. The return rate of the completed questionnaires was 85,3%, which means 290 questionnaires from the two schools. Based on the results from the completed questionnaires, I compared the two groups of examined pupils in terms of their compliance with the principles of healthy lifestyle, the prevalence of poor posture and the prevalence of flat feet.
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The Movement Activity of Children and Adolescents in the Selected Schools
HORNÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
As it is evident from the title, the thesis deals with physical activity. It is concentrated on physical activity among children and adolescents in chosen schools. The thesis is divided into two parts. Theoterical part consists of several chapters. Firtsly, I pay attention to basic terms like musculoskeletal system, movement, physical activity and movement regime. Next part of the thesis deals with the problematic of hypokinesia, which becomes a characteristic feature of contemporary life style. Further, I mention motoric skills and abilities. I am interested also in motivation for physical activity. One of the chapters is dedicated to somatotype and assessment of body weight using body mass index. Possibilities influenced by physical activity among children and adolescents are a substantial chapter I deal with the influence of school enviroment and family. Subsequently, I engage in right development of exercise, its intensity, frequency and duration. Further I pay attention to the meaning of motion and its positive influences on human health. Finally, there are mentioned suitable physical activities for children and adolescents. In the practical there were used researched data gained from a quantitative query method by questionnaire. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of 19 questions. First group of questions was concentrated to the basic information about pupils and students, next questions devoted to physical activity at school but also in their free time. The questionnaire was determined for pupil sof Middle and High School from 6th to 9th grade. Pre-printed form of questionnaire was subsequently handed out to two Middle Schools and two High schools in Písek. Interviewees were provided with information how to proceed hen filling in it. Totally, 106 questionnaires were handed to the schools, out of them 102 came back correctly filled, return was 96%. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map physical activity among children and adolescents in chosen schools and to find out the influence of a family, school and enviroment on the formation of regular physical aktivity among children and adolescents. There were set free hypotheses. Hypothesis no. 1: Children and adolescents who engages in physical activity in thein free time have lower BMI (body mass index) than children and adolescents who spend free time passively. This hypothesis was confirmed based on research. Hypothesis no. 2: Physical education is put into education only twice a week. Based on the answers of respondents, this hypothesis is confirmed. Hypothesis no. 3: Schools do not develop sufficiently extracurricular and sports activities. This hypothesis is not confirmed on the basis of the research. The research results will be provided to schools, where the surfy was done. Based on data obtained pedagogues can improve the relationship of children and adolescents to physical aktivity, especially during physical education and education for health. Teachers of physical education can change their attitude to physical educational classes. It is possible to put new games or even new sports during classes and encourage taste to sport among children. It is important to limit time, which children and adolescents spend in front of TV or computer. Essential role plays the influence of family, school and enviroment. It is important to introduce children and adolescents with the positive aspects of physical activity and create a new relationship to the physical activity from early age.
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Quality of Life with Regard to the Movement and Adolescent Health in the Prachatice Region.
HOROVÁ, Jindřiška
The Bachelor woks deal with the quality of life in adolescent with regard to health, leisure, movement and media in Prachatice. In the theoretical part I am mapping pubescents as personality. Movement, health and leisure activities, which are typical for adolescent period. Physical and psychological traits teenager. Characterize leisure generally with a specific use in an pubescents. I also deal with youth, sport, inactivity. Environment which acts on the teen. I deal with the main character pubescents, concept of quality of life, and the influence of sports activities in adolescents. I am mapping the Prachatice leisure sports activities, that have positive and negative effects on the health of adolescents. In the practical part I use a method standardized questionnaire ComQol 1997 - translated and adapted for the purposes of my bachelor works. The main objective is to monitor pupils in primary schools in Prachatice. I focus directly the students of 7th - 9th classes of primary school. This section will focus on the lives of adolescent with regard to health, leisure, movement and media. I try to assess leisure activities on adolescent health and movement of Prachatice. Identified research assumptions, I find the practical part with the help of respondents primary school and secondary school in Prachatice. Expected number of statements amounted to 500 questionnaires. The final number was 400 questionnaires. Of these, 160 boys and 240 girls. Of the total research found that more than 80 % of respondents feel healthy without thoroughly knowing your health status , thus confirming the first hypothesis . Research shows that more than 60 % of adolescents engaged in the media and on average 3-6 hours a day. The answers are obvious assumption third, which was not confirmed , since more than 50 % of respondents engaged in leisure-time physical activity.
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The knowledge and experience in the area of drugs by the pupils living in town and village
MALÁ, Eliška
The subject of my Bachelor work is Drug Knowledge and Experience of Elementary School Children in Villages and Towns. Currently, drugs are worldwide issue affecting everybody. In the Czech Republic we still do not manage to effectively influence standpoints and habits of adult population in relation to drug abuse. Unfortunately situation is even worse in case of youth, since current society does not have enough will to effectively enforce legal restrictions concerning limited access to drugs. Currently there is not enough support for healthy living style education in school environment. Healthy style of living is not promoted sufficiently even in free time activity organizations for children and youth. Unfortunately even parents are not always suitable example for their adolescent children as concerns abuse of addictive substances. By Bachelor work investigates how much environment where children grow affect them in their standpoint to drug abuse. The objective of my research is to find out what drug knowledge and experience have pupils of 9th year-classes in villages and towns, followed by assessment of how much such drug knowledge and experience are different for respondents from villages and towns. In order to achieve this objective I have set up three hypothesis, on the basis of which quantitative research in form of anonymous questionnaires has been selected. The questionnaire was designed to find out at what age respondents had their first experience with individual drugs, drug abuse, how much respondents are informed on drug legislative, drug prevention and how well they know drug terminology. The questionnaire included 31 questions. Respondents were pupils in 9th year-classes of elementary schools in České Budějovice, Strakonice, Katovice and Volenice. In total 298 questionnaires have been distributes and there was 100% yield. The research result confirmed my hypothesis. The first hypothesis assumed that elementary school pupils in towns have more drug knowledge and experience than village school children. This assumption has been confirmed. Questions concerning drug knowledge of respondents have been more often answered correctly by town respondents. The second hypothesis assumed that town elementary school pupils have more own experience with illegal drug abuse than village school pupils. This hypothesis has been confirmed as well. Experience with an illegal drug have 1,6% town respondents more than village respondents. The third hypothesis assumed that village elementary school pupils have more experience with legal drug use than town pupils. Also this third hypothesis has been confirmed. Experience with an legal drug have 5,7% village respondents more than town respondents. Therefore the research confirmed that there are differences not only in knowledge, but also in use of addictive substances between elementary school pupils from villages and towns.
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Suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents
BENEŠOVÁ, Veronika
ABSTRACT The topic of my bachelor{\crq}s thesis, entitled ``Suicidal Behaviour in Children and Adolescents{\crqq} is swathed in a certain mystery. Even though it is the second most common cause of death in young people, it is rarely discussed and often overlooked. Perhaps all of us once in our lives, especially during adolescence, have wondered thought what would happen if we were no longer be here, if we were to leave this world voluntarily. But of course it is a very big step from having the idea to actually putting it into practice. This work focuses specifically on those children and adolescents who went so far that they tried to cross the boundary dividing life and death. The theoretical part covers suicidal behaviour in general and explains some of the terms associated with this subject. This section also discusses the different forms and methods involved in suicidal behaviour. Another important part comprises the risk factors or developmental aspects of suicidal behaviour and the concept of death. Also worth mentioning is self-harming, which is closely connected with suicidal activities. The last chapter is devoted to prevention, which is this case is indispensable. The aim of my work is to describe the disorder of the self-preservation instinct and to assess the characteristics shared by a sample of children and adolescents with a case history of suicidal behaviour. Based on the information available I decided to carry out a qualitative survey. The documents analysis method was used for this. More specifically, this was documentation available concerning children and adolescents who had been observed as having a disorder of the self-preservation instinct. The research sample consisted of fifteen boys with a case history of suicidal behaviour and who were hospitalized in a mental institution. As this was a small, monothematic sample group, I opted for the qualitative form of work. The most crucial result of the research was the finding that children with suicidal habits come from a background with a low level of emotion and inadequate emotional support. These deficiencies then make it harder for the person to adapt and unable to deal with conflict situations.
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Care of adolescents before and after operation of phimosis using classification systems NANDA, NIC and NOC
KOŽÍŠKOVÁ, Zlata
This thesis focuses on the issue of nursing care for adolescent boys who have undergone phimosis surgery. The nursing care is then evaluated according to the NANDA, NIC and NOC classification systems. The theoretical part deals with topics such as adolescence, phimosisa disease of the external genitalia of a man, preoperative and postoperative care for boys with phimosis, and the classification taxonomy of the NANDA, NIC and NOC classification systems, which represent the comprehensive standardized, but still evolving, nursing language. Available Czech and foreign literary sources were used for the compilation of the theoretical part of the stated subject. The empirical part of the thesis was processed using qualitative and quantitative research methods: content analyzes, modelling, thought experiment, structured and semi-structured interviews, and qualitative data analysis. Four objectives were defined. The way adolescent boys perceive and experience the bio-psycho-social aspects of the problems that the pre-op and post-op period brings, has been assessed using the NANDA, NIC and NOC classification systems. There were 46.66% of respondents with higher education, 53.34% of respondents with secondary education, and eight adolescent boys who had received phimosis surgery, all of whom contributed to the assessment. It was found that adolescent boys initially addressed their physician regarding the phimosis problem, because they had a sense of trust and anonymity, but also to some degree because of necessity. It is surprising that young men with this type of personal problem rather speak to their mothers. When it comes to peer relationships, the boys confide the problem to their peers, but they do not ask them for help in this area. The boys named the internet as the main source of information. The following assessments were made using the Fehring methods for determining the weighted scores. Out of 13 nursing diagnoses within the NNN classification systems there were 112 major and minor characteristics (41.18%) selected by the university educated respondents, 80 major and minor characteristics (29,41%) selected by by the secondary school educated respondents, and nine major and minor characteristics (3.31%) were selected by the adolescent boys. Out of the 15 nursing interventions published in the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), 203 major and minor characteristics (55.31%) were chosen by the university educated respondents and 235 major and minor characteristics (64.03%) were chosen by the secondary school educated respondents. Out of the 11 expected nursing outcomes published in the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), 39 major and minor characteristics (15.42%) were selected by the university educated respondents, while 34 major and minor characteristics (13.44%) were selected by the secondary school educated respondents. By implementing the NANDA, NIC and NOC classification systems in nursing care one can expect to find solutions that help the professionals in nursing care to apply the nursing process effectively, and that allow nursing care to focus more on the individual needs of patients and to be improved in all areas.
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Physical activity as a preventive component of the lifestyle of seniors
Vlastníková, Věra ; Fiala, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hlúbik, Pavol (referee) ; Benešová, Veronika (referee)
This dissertation deals with physical activity of senior women and its importance in health prevention. Current knowledge in the areas of gerontology, exercise physiology and kinanthropology was summarized in the theoretical part. For experimental part of the work, questionnaires were compiled and group and individual exercise programs were created and applied on a set of senior women. The objective of the dissertation was to assess the influence of these programs on civilization diseases risk factors and on some indicators of quality of life. Our study population was formed by healthy senior women recruited from the programs of senior university education in Hradec Králové. The study population was further divided into an experimental group which completed a group exercise program (G1; 18 subjects, 63±3 yrs), an experimental group which completed an individual exercise program according to our instructions (G2; 14 subjects, 65±5 yrs) and a control group without an exercise program (G3; 19 subjects, 69±4 yrs). Exercise programs were applied for 10 months, 2 hours/week and contained remedial exercises, strengthening activities, balance and relaxation exercises and walking. The variables examined included body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate, total...
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Suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence
Koutek, Jiří ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Papežová, Hana (referee) ; Stárková, Libuše (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and possible predictors of severity of suicidal behavior of children and adolescents. Methods: Seventy-seven patients (15 boys and 62 girls) aged 15.5 1.6 years on average, hospitalized due to a suicidal attempt in the department of pediatric psychiatry, were examined. Structured interviews with patients and their parents were used to clinically assess circumstances of suicidal behavior, relevant risk factors and severity of suicidal behavior. Results: The results indicated that patients with any previous traumatic experience tended to have somatically less severe suicidal attempts (p = 0.050). Intensity of suicidal intent was associated with a history of depression (p = 0.014) and anxiety disorders (p = 0.004), and the current stress from a mental disorder (p = 0.014). Somatic severity of suicidal behavior was significantly associated with intensity of suicidal intent (p = 0.014). A history of any trauma (previous traumatic experience predicted less severe suicidal behavior, p=0.053) and the current stress from sexual problems (p=0.067) were identified as predictors of somatic severity of suicidality. These two predictors showed only a trend level of significance. The only significant predictor of intensity of suicidal intent was the current...
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Obesity in the elderly: The health and social issues
KLÍMOVÁ, Alžběta
ABSTRACT The present bachelor thesis is entitled Health and Social Aspects of Obesity in the Elderly. Obesity is a serious chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increased fat percentage in body composition with a simultaneous increase of body mass beyond the normal range. Obesity needs to be seen both as a disease and as an important risk factor contributing to the development of a number of other conditions. The results of extensive studies have clearly demonstrated an increase in the number of people affected by overweight or obesity on a worldwide scale. The rising population prevalence and incidence of obesity prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1997 to declare obesity a worldwide epidemic. The elderly constitute a high-risk group in terms of obesity development. The body{\crq}s reduced energy requirements on the one hand and the deeply entrenched poor dietary habits with an excess of low-quality foods coupled with reduced physical activity on the other hand necessarily lead to overweight and obesity. This serious chronic disease requires a comprehensive, individual-focused diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The main and irreplaceable role in combating obesity is played by prevention, which should become a society-wide task. This bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical section explains concepts related to the thesis topic, i.e.: obesity definition, obesity prevalence, causes of obesity development, effects of obesity, diagnostics in obesity medicine, treatment of obesity and obesity prevention. It also describes the issue of obesity in the elderly. The aim of the thesis was to ascertain attitudes within the elderly population towards the issue of obesity, as well as assess their level of interest in health and healthy lifestyles and whether they know and follow the current trends in healthy nutrition. Another goal was to examine their willingness to get actively involved in lifestyle change, thus assuming responsibility for their state of health. For the purposes of research the thesis used a quantitative research technique. Questioning was chosen as a method, the resulting technique used being a questionnaire. The practical part of the bachelor thesis closes with an analysis including an evaluation of results. The research results show that the elderly do not regard obesity as a substantial health problem. In my opinion, the stated aim of the thesis has been achieved.
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The seniors view of the condition of the environment in the Czech republic
HORATLÍKOVÁ, Iva
The aim of this thesis is to clarify senior citizens´ attitude to the condition of the environment in the Czech Republic and their concern to share efforts for its improvement as well as to learn if they feel responsible and can get enough information in this field. The introductory, theoretical part mentions the term of {\clqq}old age`` and gives the analysis of the present-day and future demographic development of the number of seniors. In my thesis I deal not only with the term itself but also with its influence on healthy lifestyle of seniors. I summarize and assess findings I have obtained from seniors in terms of their own attitudes to the condition of the environment. The other, practical part of my thesis deals with the results I acquired by the method of semi-standardized interviews and questionnaires. The 14 seniors aged 65 {--} 74 years who took part in the research had been selected at random. The results of the described research are favourable: seniors appreciate activities that make them more informed and thus responsible for the environment in the Czech Republic. They welcome the opportunity to share their views on the issue by meeting other people and building up social contacts thereby. They would like to get engaged more and help to improve the condition of the environment.
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