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Lifestyle of the Third Age University Students
HOLICKÁ, Monika
Lifestyle of the University of the Third Age listeners The thesis as a whole is written in the spirit of the quality of senior life and active spending an old age. First chapter ? Current status - represents the theoretical frame of the thesis which introduces the reader with the key issues essential for the correct understanding of the work. In its´ main subchapters are described demographical development and the population aging, life quality of senior people and social security in old age. Special chapter is dedicated to the tools of an active old age where the both national and international activities on this field are described, the types of senior organizations such as Active seniors clubs or People´s universities are divided, and separate chapter deals with the education of senior people including the description of educational activities like University of the Third Age or the Academy of the Third Age. The last part of mentioned chapter is dedicated to functions, targets and positive results of the senior people education. Remaining chapters concern the qualitative research. In the chapter two the objective of the thesis is defined, including the main and component research questions. The objective of the thesis is to describe the lifestyle of the senior people who participate on the educational activities within the University of the Third Age (U3V). Specifically to describe how their lifestyle differs unlike to the senior people who does not attend the educational courses via U3V and which positive benefits the study brings. The secondary objective is to determine the factors that impede these senior people to attend the Universities of the Third Age. Third chapter refers to the detailed description of the research methodology. The qualitative attitude with the research design of the case study was chosen for this thesis. I used the moderated interview method and the semi-structured interview for the data collecting and right after the framework analysis was chosen in order to process gathered data. To evaluate the data I used the case comparison method. This chapter also includes the description of the research sample selection and also its characteristics. Forth chapter presents the results of evaluated interviews. Whereas the research file was divided into three groups, also these results have a structure of three separated subchapters. The summary of gathered key knowledge is mentioned at the end of this chapter. I managed to identify the base differences in particular branches of senior people lifestyles between senior people that attend the U3V educational activities, those who don´t and the senior people participate in the Active senior clubs thanks to the comparison of the particular case studies. It is possible briefly to say that the result shows us that the U3V study has no influence on the softening of the feeling of loneliness, although the important role of the U3V in senior people lives mainly in giving them both the kind of meaning of life and the opportunity to spend old age actively with the people of the same generation with the same interests. Senior people who do not attend the educational activities indicate the lower number of meetings with other people, but on the other hand they meet their relatives much more often, in some cases every day, and thanks to this fact, they do not feel the loneliness and see their meaning of life in the care od family. This is the reason, why they do not have a need to attend other activities. After this chapter the Discussion follows, which compares the gathered results of the research with already publicized knowledge. The conclusion, bibliographic sources and the annexes are placed in the end of the thesis.
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The readiness of pupils and teachers at elementary and secondary schools in an emergency planning zones during an emergency situation at a threatening company.
KRATOCHVÍL, Zdeněk
After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the national defence education program was terminated. Since it played an important role in the education of the population it was eventually restored in 2003 at primary and secondary schools when a general education program of national defence was introduced. The extend of the education was agreed for 6 hour per year, however, it was not clear in which school subject this matter should be addressed. Since then the government succeed in issuing several conceptual guides describing the outline of the education for both pupils and teachers. The guarantor of the program became the General Directorate of Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, who publishes a large number of training documents. Soon after, the issue is also dealt by the civilian sector that gradually increases numbers of manuals and textbooks focusing on the theme of population protection. Consequently in 2012, they succeed in introducing a compulsory subject called "Human Protection in Emergency Situations" at pedagogical faculties. These progressive measures target to improve a teaching methods and a general education at primary and secondary schools in the area of population preparedness to deal with an emergency situations such as floods or hazardous substances leakage from threatening factories. This work focuses on a level of preparedness of students and teachers in a primary and secondary schools, which are located in areas with a thread of leakage, conflagration or possible explosions. The first theoretical part focuses on the history of a protection of a population in the world and consequently in the Czech Republic. History significantly affects this area. Therefore a considerable portion of a theoretical part has been dedicated to it. In the next section the impact of the current legislation laws to protect the population have been analysed. This analysis focuses especially on laws which are most vital for this field. Following section points out, which governmental and non-governmental institutions have the highest responsibility for the primary and secondary education, the level of population preparedness and the knowledge in the area of the studied subject. The last part of the theoretical work analyses the environment in which the sociological research had been conducted. It contains more information about schools in which the survey had been performed by means of questionnaires. The main purpose of this chapter is to point out the characteristics of the schools. Another part analyses the territory in which the schools are located, their capacity, diversity of students, especially weather there are non-Czech speaking or handicapped pupils, or within which time zone the schools are. All schools also support various extracurricular activities, and the thematic group activities. Based on my practical experience from the lectures I pre-set the level of the students and teachers? preparedness in case of extraordinary events within threatening company is low or almost unsatisfactory. Consequently, the respondents undertook 10 test questions. In the practical part of this work, the questionnaire survey was assessed both by means of statistical methods and a thorough analysis of the individual questions answered. To simplify the evaluation, statistical methods were used by means of negating hypotheses of the proposition. In other words, the level of the preparedness will be satisfactory. Subsequent evaluation of the sociological research revealed that the level is satisfactory at all schools. In general, both students and teachers achieved overall pleasing results. The results of the survey will be provided to the Fire Rescue Service of the Pardubice Region to utilize them to streamline all the activities related to the education of students of the surveyed schools.
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The proffesional career and opinions about studies of the first graduates of bachelor studies General nurses at The Faculty of Health and Social Studies of The University of South Bohemia.
JIRÁKOVÁ, Marcela
The diploma work deals with the proffesional development of the first graduates of bachelor studies The General Nurse at The Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia since their graduation till the present. The goal of this work was to ascertain the opinions about the bachelor studies of the discipline General Nurse at the The Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia, namely of the first graduates of this discipline. The goal was to find out, how the studies and their succesfull graduation affected their proffesional career and social credit. Moreover to ascertain the attitude of the first graduates of the discipline The General Nurse at the The Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia to follow-up master's degree study Nursing care by selected clinical branches at The University of South Bohemia. The diploma work is divided into two parts ? the theoretic and empiric. The theoretic part deals with nursing and the conclusive part is educational. It includes the history and equipment of the nursing and the education of nurses in the Czech Republic, afterwards the problems of the profession of nurses and the related legislation . The educational part deals with the attitude as a social problem and the evaluation of the university education of the students themselves. In the empiric part of the diploma work were chosen both the quantitive and qualitative methods of an investigation research. The quantitive research had the form of a anonymous questionnaire for the first graduates of bachelor studies The General Nurse at The Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia. There were determined four assumptions. The results of the investigation have been processed into charts and tables. For the qualitative part of the survey research has been used in-depth unstructured interview, which was realised with the selected graduates. The results of the qualitative investigation have been adapted in the form of transcription of the interview. The results of this work can be used as an informational materiál for students and tutors of The Department of Nursing at The Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia. The results can help to be well informed in the education of nurses and to realise, which field of study needs to be strengthened.
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Nursing - autonomous profession in a care
PETRŮ, Štěpánka
Nursing has undergone major changes under the influence of recent social events. Due to the influence of new circumstances, it was also necessary to radically approach to the new concept of nursing fields. Then we can register attempts to make the nursing profession independent. That is why the main representatives of this profession have adopted more efficient approach to the care for the patient. The development of the research in nursing helps them significantly, as well as high level of education of nurses, new management techniques and monitoring of the quality of provided nursing care. All mentioned elements lead to support and strengthening of autonomy of the nursing field. We dealt with this issue, because we perceive the position of nursing and the social status of nurses as unsatisfactory. With creating our diploma thesis we would like to contribute to a few literary sources, that are directly engaged in the issue of autonomy of the nursing field. The theoretical part of our thesis was divided into two parts. In the first part we focus on the explanation of the concept of autonomy of nursing and the impact of activity of the nurse with regards to the autonomy of the profession. The second part of the thesis makes clear elements, which significantly strengthen the autonomy of the nursing field. The aim of this thesis is the following: 1. To explore whether nurses and doctors consider nursing as an autonomous scientific field. 2. To map barriers preventing the perception of nursing as an autonomous scientific field. 3. To determine current possibilities for strengthening the autonomy of the nursing field. The empirical part of the thesis is formed by the combination of quantitative and qualitative research. In the quantitative part of the investigation, we were interested in three research hypotheses. 1. Nurses perceive education as a potential acquisition of skills in order to ensure the autonomy of the profession for the benefit of the patient. 2. Nurses present nursing in public as a separate profession. 3. Status of the autonomy of nursing allows to promote results of the research in providing the nursing care. The method of querying with the assistance of questionnaire was used for the data processing of the quantitative part of the research. It contained 41 questions. There were used closed, half-open and open questions in the questionnaire. There were used pie charts and tables for processing of responses. The 2nd degree classification was used for the statistical evaluation of the results. The researched group for the quantitative part of the investigation were nurses from ambulant and bedded sectors of two health care facilities. There were distributed 220 questionnaires in total, 134 (100 %) correctly completed pieces were kept for processing. The querying method using the technique of semi-structured questionnaire containing seven open questions was used for the qualitative part of the research. Four chairwomen of sections of ČAS, who received the questionnaire via e-mail, actively participated on the investigation of the research. Individual responses were analyzed and subsequently processed into diagrams. In this empirical investigation we identified the answers to three research questions. 1. What is the position of chairwomen of sections of ČAS for promoting and defending nursing as an autonomous profession? 2. What obstacles perceived by chairwomen of sections of ČAS slow down the enforcement of autonomy of the nursing field? 3. What can be done to strengthen the autonomy of nursing in the group of other science or professional disciplines? The research questions sent in the form of half-structured questionnaire were answered by four chairwomen of sections of ČAS. We found out on the basis of obtained results, that nurses do not consider nursing as an autonomous scientific field.
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Education as a factor of the regional development of the Czech Republic
STREITOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis deals with the issue of education and its importance as one of the factors of the regional development of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is devoted to documents, strategies, programs and institutions dealing with education. The thesis also defines the term regional development presents some indicators of the regional development and shows opportunities for financial support for the regions. In the practical part, there is an analysis and a subsequent synthesis of the regional development indicators. Based on these indicators, there are compared individual regions of the Czech Republic. Annexes are a part of this work to expand the given information.
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Aggressive behavior of the mentally challenged person with disabilities in social care institutions.
ZEMANOVÁ, Martina
In Czech Republic, there is still paid just a little attention to aggressive behaviour of people with mental disability. There has appeared a significant development of providing social services since 2007. Services are transformed, and they are gradually moving from restrictive measures to support and to preventive procedures focused on the approach to clients. The first chapter examines the characteristics of mental disability. The second chapter describes social services according to the Law 108/2006 Coll. on social services, and it defines the service Home for People with Health Disabilities. In the third chapter I write about offending behavior, mostly about aggression, its causes, course, control, prevention and possibilities of therapies. The fourth chapter describes the importance of communication as a prevention of aggression. I dedicate the fifth chapter to the education of staff working in social services. Another topic in this chapter is the supervision as the assistance and support for staff working with people with mental disabilities and controlling the aggressive behavior. In the last chapter of the theoretical part I describe restrictive measures, which are follow up procedures when dealing with the aggression. The practical part is processed in the form of qualitative research, method of questioning and by using the technique of the semistructured interview. The research sample were employees working in the direct care, which had worked there for at least five years. Interviews with selected respondents took place from December 2012 to February 2013. The objective of this research was to find out what awareness the employees had of causes of the aggressive behavior, prevention and restriction. The recorded evidence indicates that all responding staff encountered the aggressive behavior of a person with mental disability and they perceived it as offending. They described the aggression as physical or verbal attacks against other person or property. Demonstration of the aggressive behavior is also auto-aggression. Is there any possibility of avoiding the aggressive behavior? All respondents agreed that the cause of aggressive behavior of people with mental disabilities were unfulfilled basic human needs. What concerns the role of the staff in preventing the aggression, all respondents think, that therapy, employment of clients and the appropriate communication, which shall be adapted individually, play very important role. All respondents perceive the supervision, which is helpful at their work, as a prevention. Similarly, the same is the education, which is mandatory for them by the law. What are the restrictive measures? All respondents answered that they were instruments, which limited human mobility. They also demonstrated knowledge of their use. Respondents did not mention in the interview abou the fact, that these measures may be used only for strictly necessary period. It is necessary to indicate this fact in the report on the application of restrictive measures, which, as all respondents had indicated, they filled in. That is why they think that, at its essence, they know this information. Another thing they did not mention was to inform the client himself, that restrictive measures will be used against him. I address this to possible stress during interviews on this subject. Overall, I would say that the staff know the aggressive behavior in people with mental disabilities. Likewise they know what causes aggression, how it can be prevented andwhat are the follow-up procedures if the aggressive behavior of the client occurs.
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Education of pupils with childhood autism
JANTOŠOVÁ, Petra
Legislation currently enables developing teaching methods for every child with special needs taking into account the child's specific possibilities and capabilities. The choice of suitable individual teaching methods and techniques for every child is a major factor of success in education and is equally needed in the education of pupils with childhood autism. The theoretical part of the Bachelor thesis deals with childhood autism in context of autistic spectrum disorders, childhood autism being one of them. The thesis describes the characteristics of this disorder and its variable, not autism-specific features, mentioning diagnostics with regard to teaching pupils suffering from childhood autism and describing a family with an autistic child and its role in education. Increased attention is paid to the possibilities in teaching pupils with child autism within the existing system of education and, above all, to educational methods used with children suffering from this disorder. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to establish what methods are included in teaching pupils with childhood autism. Another objective was to check the educational techniques applied with this group of pupils in a family setting. A qualitative research has been chosen as the method of gathering information. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews conducted across a selected sample of respondents. Interviews were conducted with two respondent groups using predefined questions. The first group consisted of selected special education teachers educating pupils with childhood autism and the second group was comprised of selected parents whose children suffer from this disorder. The results of the thesis contain processed interviews with selected respondents from both groups, subsequently supported by a well-arranged table. The results of the research provide information about what methods are used to teach pupils with childhood autism in a school and a family setting. The thesis also presents opinions of specialists and parents of autistic children regarding educational techniques and their practical usage and application. The results of the research are subsequently compared mutually and also against specialised information sources. The research performed as part of this thesis revealed that structured teaching is the most frequently included technique in teaching pupils with childhood autism, with each pupil individually, depending on his possibilities and capabilities. Further application of educational methods in teaching pupils with childhood autism matches with what can be found in literature and the theoretical part of the thesis. Apart from structured teaching, educators use methods like global reading when working with this group of pupils, plus elements of problematic behaviour therapy and social skills training, Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), computer software and pictograms. Interviews with parents confirmed that structured teaching is also the most frequently applied technique in a family setting. Parents choose methods according to their children's needs and try following their emotions and what they consider best for their child. Families as well as schools use structured learning on an individual basis as per the child's needs and parents also use the global reading method and computer software. Families, at the same time, commonly use the elements Son-rise method in combination with alternative teaching of Maria Montessori which may be seen as a certain difference to the application of educational methods at schools. No major differences between the family and the school setting have been identified with respect to educational methods used in teaching pupils with childhood autism. This Bachelor thesis provides and insight into the application of teaching methods by families and schools where pupils suffering from childhood autism receive their education.
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Importance and specifities of education of adult people with mild mental disorder
VÁVROVÁ, Daniela
In the first chapter, the term ?adult? is defined. In the context of education, this term means a human who has ended their school education. In the same conception is comprehended person with mental disorder. Education in adults is important because of the speed of developing society, which is too demanding on people. People without further education are worse oriented in the world and often fall to feelings of inferiority and uselessness. The same situation is present in people with mental disorders. People with mental disorders are limited by deficiencies in intellectual abilities. Intellectual abilities are one of the diagnoses of mental disorders. To make education of adults successful, it is necessary to observe some principles and use methods which are suitable for the target group. Because of deficiencies in intellectual ability, many methods which are used by health practitioners aren´t suitable for people with mental disorders. Unsuitable methods are lectures and seminars, because of the verbal difficulty people with mental disorders often experience. People with mental disorders have problems understanding explanations and often encounter issues concerning attention span. The process of education includes more mental operations in which a person with mental disorder can have problems. For reproducing memory perceptions, it is necessary to have a good memory, but people with mental disorders often have problems with their memory. They quickly forget learned knowledge and because of this, it is necessary for their whole life to involve repetition. Another important element of education is motivation, which increases success of education. People with mental disorders can have problems with willpower, when a stimulus isn?t attractive enough, they quickly lose interest. People with mental disorders can have problems in social relationships. Health professionals think that people with mental disorders are antisocial and don´t create any social relationships, but this is not true. People with mental disorders have the same needs as a person without a mental disorder. People with mental disorders desire understanding and respect from the majority of the population. These people want to be fully-fledged members of society. Unfortunately people with mental disorders are limited by their deficiencies. These people let themselves be influences; they can be reliant on other people?s decisions. Despite these problems, there are many people with mental disorders who have families and who aren?t addicted to other people. A complex system of education for adults with mental disorders hasn?t yet been created and is still an object of discussions. There are several possibilities of how to educate these people as adults. The choice of method depends on possibilities and dispositions of the person and how they choose to improve their education. One positive fact is that people with mental disorders are interested in education as adults. This interest should be one of the reasons why complex systems of education are created. The system of education adults with mild mental disorder is suggested in the last chapter. The system is designed with 4 forms of education and a person with a mental disorder can chose which form is most suitable for them. The first form is courses to attainment qualification which refill and restore primary education. The second form is courses which support qualification. These courses increase chances of people with mental disorder to get work place. People with mental disorders can have problems with orientation in the surrounding world and that is reason why civil education exists, it provides necessary information. The last form is hobby education which offers people with mental disorders effective ways to spend their free time. ?
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Readiness of midwives for management of acute and critical states on labour ward
LEVECOVÁ, Štěpánka
Basic theoretical premises Currently, we are exposed to stressful situations not only in private life but also in professional life. Huge stress and stressful situations that cause acute and critical states in the field of health care may have adverse impact on the psyche and the entire human organism. At Delivery Rooms Department, all members of a medical team are daily exposed to such stress; these Bachelor theses are focused on these stressful situations and their managing in acute medicine. The theses are specialized in stressful situations being dealt by midwives working at Delivery Rooms Department who daily experience these situations. The theses are aimed at determination of perceiving and managing stressful situations in the delivery room seen in the eyes of midwives, and at the comparison of readiness of midwives to deal with acute and critical states in the delivery room in accordance with attained education, length of professional experience, and experience in the given field. Three research questions were put. Utilized methods Data collection technique in qualitative research survey utilized structured interviews. Interviewees employed their own opinions, insights, experiences, and feelings. The research included six midwives working in the delivery room of Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital in Pilsen. Results The most common problem stated by the interviewed midwives was that there are certain gaps in educational systems in obstetrics related to practical training of readiness for managing stressful situations. The midwives agreed on sufficiency of overall extent of curriculum. As a problematic part they pointed out the field of theoretical education in the subjects of communication, medical communication and psychological communication where the education did not prepare them sufficiently for managing stressful situations. Furthermore, the research showed that the interviewees perceived negatively the absence of teachers of professional experience in a hospital during practice training. On the contrary, the midwives would welcome the presence of teachers at students? practice training or reduction of the number of students at shifts. The students? impossibility to record given matters in the medical documents was stated as a significant problem, since the logical view of students at a group care system at the respective department is limited. In acute and critical situation occurred in the delivery room, the midwives often reported feelings of fear, increased stress, anxiety and worries whether they will be able to manage the given situation. The midwives identically reported that they are trying to fight such stress but they all fail. Regarding this issue, they said it would be beneficial to increase the number of nursing staff and thereby prevent overstretching medical staff. One of the research questions was how midwives deal with stressful situations. The majority of midwives answered that through relaxing at home or in the company. In overall, the midwives assessed that the age of midwives and their professional experience play an important role in managing stressful situations. During their practice training, they learnt to act more promptly and prudently which has a positive effect on solving acute and critical situations in the delivery room. When querying the perception of the adaptation process, all midwives were satisfied with the length of adaptation and their midwife trainer. Regarding managing stressful situations, after termination of the adaptation process, the midwives reported this period as a time of increased strain towards their person both mentally and physically. The research survey identified a need to put more classes of theoretical education regarding communication and communication techniques.
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The level of knowledge of medical students at secondary schools in providing nursing care to foreigners
TOUMOVÁ, Kristýna
The integration of foreigners increases the number of patients with different nationalities and religions in our medical facilities. To treat these patients it is necessary to know their habits and specific needs. Such knowledge should have the students of secondary medical schools, to whom this work is focused. The theoretical part deals with the history of multicultural nursing in our country and abroad. Further is the explanation of basic terms, such as: culture, minority, majority, racism, discrimination, ethics and communication in Transcultural nursing care. Next Chapter deals with the integration of foreigners in Czech Republic. The multicultural nursing at the secondary medical schools is connected to this chapter. The subject multicultural nursing unfortunately is not on the particular types of schools, in the branch medical assistant, it is taught as a separate subject. The following chapter is about specifics of selected minorities. This thesis has two aims: The first aim is: To map the knowledge level of students of secondary medical schools in providing nursing care to patients from minority groups. The aim 2 is: To determine students' interest in the issue of multicultural care. On the basis of the aims three hypotheses were laid down: H 1: There is difference in knowledge of multicultural nursing between the students of first and 4th years of secondary medical schools. H 2: The Secondary medical schools devote attention to teaching of a multicultural approach to patients. H 3: Students of secondary schools have knowledge of a multicultural approach to patients. To achieve the aims and verify the hypotheses a quantitative survey was performed, which was completed by three short interviews with teachers of vocational subjects. The quantitative survey was conducted using form of questionnaires for students of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years in branch medical assistant at three medical schools. The results of the questionnaires were processed into graphs using statistics. Interviews were processed into categorization. The survey results showed that students have some knowledge about nursing care of patients from minority groups. Further, it was also found that students have an interest in the issue, and they would welcome to obtain more knowledge in this field at their school. The first hypothesis was confirmed. There is the difference in knowledge of first and 4 grades, but not so clear as it might be assumed. The knowledge is increasing gradually from lower classes to higher. The second hypothesis was also confirmed. The Secondary Medical Schools pay attention to teaching of a multicultural approach to patients. The research among students and teachers showed that the school pays attention to teaching, but not quite enough. Hypothesis third was confirmed. Students have knowledge of a multicultural approach to patients. From results of the questionnaires revealed that students have some awareness of the issues, but this knowledge is not entirely satisfactory to knowledge required in professional practice. From research results it is possible to consider that teaching of multicultural nursing at schools takes place in some form, but it all depends on the school. Therefore would be good to unify teaching - to determine the exact number of hours and form of teaching. Thus all students would have the opportunity to obtain the same information and School would get clear rules of teaching. Based on information gathered from the survey will be published in the journal article to spread awareness of the issue. The article, based on the acquired information from the research, will be published in a professional journal to extend awareness of the issue.
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