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The occurence of arboviruses Greenland and Svalbard.
MÜLLEROVÁ, Jana
Arboviruses are a large polyphyletic group of viruses sharing the same ecological niche being transmitted from arthropods vectors to vertebrates hosts. They are important human and animal pathogens, especially in tropical and temperate zones, but their are still neglected in polar areas, despite it was proven that polar arboviruses may be patogenic to humans. Our research was focused on monitoring of arboviruses in north Atlantic areas. We screened mosquito Aedes nigripes from Greenland, the nymphs and adults of tick Ixodes uriae from Svalbard archipeago (Kaap Kalthof, (Bj?rn?y), Ossian Sarsfjellet (Spizbergen), and from the island of Jan Mayen. We tested these samples for the presence of arboviruses from the families Bunyaviridae (genus Orthobunyavirus, Phlebovirus), Reoviridae (genus Orbivirus), Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus), Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus).
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The role of genetic background of the host on the pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis
PALUS, Martin
We examined the influence of the host genetic background on the pathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis. We determined virus titers in organs and serum in different time intervals post-infection for different ways of inoculation. We also stated mean survival times and antibody production in different strains of mice infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus. Moreover, differences in expression of immunologicaly important genes in brains of infected mice were compared.
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Ecological and epidemiological aspects of tick-borne encephalitis
GREGOROVÁ, Eva
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is endemic in many countries in central, eastern and northern Europe. Nowadays its importance rises because of its increasing incidence. This study focuses on characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus, its host and human disease caused by this pathogen and efficacy of available vaccines. Furthermore, an evaluation of climatic changes and their influence on TBE incidence is discussed.
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Parazitózy daňka evropského (Dama dama) v oboře Poodří
Cochlar, Jakub
The aim of this work was to form a comprehensive list of the most common parasites to be found on the European fallow deer (Dama dama) in the game park Poodří, in the Moravian-Slezian region, former district of Nový Jíčín. The practical part of the work was focused on the collection of several samples of droppings and its examination with subsequent determination of the parasites. In the course of the diploma research there was a spectrum of species to be followed, their prevalence, seasonal dynamic throughout the year, the effects on the host animal and adherence to the prevention through the principles of animal hygiene. On the whole there were 150 samples of droppings examined by coprologistic methods and subsequently compared with the data collected by the owner of the game park. On the fallow deer the presence of the single-host coccidia, genus Eimeria, was found. There were also findings of the gastrointestinal nematodes, genus Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Chabertia, Nematodirus and Trichuris. From the pulmonary nematodes only the small pulmonary nematode Varestrongylus sagittatus was determined. The prevalence of parasites is in comparison to the prior studies of Prof. MVDr. K. Chroust, DrSc. from the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno still kept on a low level. The parasitic infection did not have any effect on the state of health of the deer monitored. The measures maintained in the game park are effective, owning to the fact that we are able to carry out all actions against the outbreak and dispersion of the disease effectively and in time. These measures can be carried out by decontaminating hunting alternatively by the catching and following examination of the game. Precautionary arrangements are executed by dosing of the medicated curatives on the grounds of the previous coprologistic testing with positive result.
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Cryptosporidiosis of small ruminants
UHLÍŘOVÁ, Barbora Isatou
Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida: Cryprosporiidae) is a ubiquitous entero-pathogen and has been reported in many geographical regions of the world. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic protozoan disease of worldwide distribution, affecting a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The parasite is recognised as one of the most common causes of diarrhoea in humans and farm animals. There are 23 valid species of Cryptosporidium so far and over 60 genotypes with no species names have been described. Cryptosporidial infection of livestock may have an important economic impact on farmers because of high morbidity and mortality rates among animals. The present study is undertaken to describe problem of cryptosporidiosis of sheep and goats.
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Produkce polyklonálních protilátek proti rekombinantnímu proteinu X viru bramboru
Čeřovská, Noemi ; Plchová, Helena ; Moravec, Tomáš ; Filigarová, Marie ; Dědič, P.
The gene encoding the coat protein (CP) of Potato virus X was cloned into expression vector pMPM-4A Omega. PVX CP was expressed in Escherichia coli and was used for raising rabbit polyclonal antibodies. For immunization we purified CP fractions from bacterial lysate either by simple fractionation or by excision from SDS gel. The obtained sera and antibodies were tested for the detection of PVX in laboratory hosts Nicotiana tabacum, cv. Petit Havana SR 1 and N.benthamiana and in various cultivars of natural host Solanum tuberosum by ELISA as well as by Western blots. The antibodies were specific for PVX and are usable for the detection of the broad isolates spectrum of the Potato virus X by ELISA and Western blot.
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Dynamics of digestive enzymes in the gut of ticks \kur{Ixodes ricinus} during blood feeding on the host.
KONVIČKOVÁ, Jitka
Proteolysis of ingested blood proteins is a crucial physiological process in ticks. This thesis focuses on profiling of dynamics of digestive enzymes in the ticks Ixodes ricinus during the course of blood-feeding on the host and during digestive phase after detachment from the host. We have measured the activity of digestive peptidases (using specific fluorescent substrates and inhibitors). The enzyme activities were negligible at the early stage of bloodfeeding than increased dramatically towards the end of the feeding period and dropped down immediately after detachment from the host. The activity of most enzymes increased again during the digestive phase before oviposition of females or metamorphosis of nymphs. The protein level of each peptidase was confirmed by immunolocalization using Western blot analyses.
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