|
|
Freetime activities in current families.
HOLÁ, Stanislava
In this work, I consider pastime activities in current families. Theoretical part of the work is focused on summarization of actual knowledge in this field. Attention is paid to pastime and its importance to human lifetime, considering lifestyle, ways of spending pastime in families. Practical part appears from knowledge, obtained in families using method of personal report (checklist) or interview. Ascertained data are summarized in tables and demonstrated in graphs. Results of investigation denote lack of pastime by parents, especially by women, in comparison to children, and prevalence of passive ways of spending pastime in current families. Based on these results, recommendations pointing effective usage of pastime and improvement of general lifestyle in current families are formulated in conclusion.
|
|
|
Tracking changes of value orientation of clients from socially handicapped (weak) families during week reconvalescence camp
HAŠKOVÁ, Radka
Bachelor thesis is specialized on creation of week reconvalescence camp for clients from socially handicapped (weak) families. A theoretical part of my thesis is about data collection, clarification of basic terms from sphere of socially handicaped environment, social health and family as a primary socialization group. A practical part of my thesis is about preparing and realising my program and about its verification in practice. Two groups about 20 and 18 probands passed this program. Appointed special questions aimed to verify feasibility of the program in practice. Keywords:
|
|
|
Social support of family with disabled child
KOŠTIALOVÁ, Zuzana
The work deals with the support of the family with a disabled child. The terms like social support, social net, problems of social support, extent of the conception, levels, types, effectiveness and adequacy are defined in the theoretical part. Next there are described the basic types of children{\crq}s health disabilities, the techniques of managing serious life situations and the sources of social support. The practical part is aimed to usage of possibilities of social support by family, mainly its availability, sufficiency and functionality of the system.
|
|
|
Impact of marriage break-up on value orientation of children and youth
RYSOVÁ, Zuzana
The work titled ,,Impact of marriage break-up on value orientation of children and youth{\crq}q deals with values and value system of youth, divorce of marriage, post-divorce family setup and impact of divorce on children. I have briefly discussed also issues concerning family and marriage. The purpose and aim of the work was to identify how children and youth understand and experience break-up of their parent{\crq}s marriage, how they managed to cope with this situation and if their moral development and value orientation have been affected. In relation to such objective I have brought up four hypothesis. Hypothesis H1: I assume that divorce of parents affects value scale of children and youth . Hypothesis H2: Divorce of parents predominantly evokes negative feelings, uncertainty, nostalgia. Hypothesis H3: Frustration related to family situation after divorce results in deterioration of school results of children and youth. And at the end the hypothesis H4: After divorce behavior of children and youth towards authorities and their surroundings deteriorates. I have chosen quantitative research for my work and used questioning method, questionnaire technique. The questionnaires have been designed for pupils and students of elementary and secondary schools in Písek and Strakonice. With regard to my hypothesis the research revealed interesting findings. Hypothesis H1 and H2 have been confirmed, however hypothesis H3 and H4 were negated. Therefore divorce impact on deterioration of behavior and school results of respondents has not been confirmed. The following interesting facts resulted from the research. I have found that every 4th pupil or student experienced divorce of his/her parents. The traditional post-divorce family setup still prevails, i.e. children are in the custody of their mother. Alternating or joint custody is quite exceptional as well as custody of a father. The work results are intended mainly for parents and social workers in order to understand what impact divorce may have on children and how important it is to provide them special care in these difficult times. Divorce does not necessarily need to have negative impact on children, if they do not experience hostility between parents and the post-divorce family setup is adopted to individual needs of all family members, i.e. also of children.
|
|
|
Injuries in childhood caused by animals
JANDERA, Karel
Injuries in childhood belong to general healthcare problems these days. They participate in the number of hospitalized and ambulatory treated children which costs our society a lot of money. Most laics and also nursing staff understand the term injury caused by an animal most of all the biting by a dog. The topic of injury caused by an animal became wider in child age. It is caused by the increase in the number of pets, often it is a small discipline of the animal owners and keepers, especially a free movement of dogs, cats, overpopulated sewer-rats in urban parts and also the higher number of exotic animals kept by non-professionals. Concerning rabies there is a given procedure for the biting by an animal which is not familiar or it is not possible to omit the transmission of rabies by saliva. The risks of tetanus and anaerobic infections are also known. The risks of the occurrence of a serious unspecific infection or cosmetic-plastic perspectives are less considered. In children these are mostly faces, arms and parts of fingers. As the initial source of long-term to whole-life consequences, the infection is assessed in primary care. The problem of suffering, psychical deprivation and pain of children and their relatives must not be omitted. Small injuries should not be underestimated. Every injured person should immediately seek medical help. Examination and treatment in children is necessary, even if the injury is small. According to my opinion the most injuries in children are caused by underestimating of risks which exist in the child ´s environment. It is not right to think that continuous supervision is the only way to avoid injuries. The prevention of injuries in children should also be supported by the efficient education of children on imminent danger. The part of prevention should also be the creation of a secure environment for a child. The objective of the thesis was to pay attention to these problems. Further, it was to map the rate of injuries of children in South Bohemian Region treated by Health Rescue Service of South Bohemian Region and Hospital České Budějovice Inc. The thesis should contribute to active solution of problems connected to injuries caused by animals and putting up with them.
|
|
|
Frequency and causes of injuries of children in pre-hospital emergency care
MINAŘÍKOVÁ, Petra
Injuries represent the greatest danger for children and the most frequent cause of their death. A certain dangerous situation precedes every injury and as such it can always be prevented. Emergency rescue teams provide professional urgent pre-hospital care. Based on theoretical knowledge and practical experience of a member of a rescue team providing pre-hospital urgent care, two research objectives were determined. Objective no. 1 was to map out the number of children{\crq}s injuries in the regional centre of České Budějovice between 2004-2008. Objective no. 2 was to analyze the situations in which children of various ages get injured. Three hypotheses were determined. Hypothesis no. 1 ``Children living in towns get injured more frequently than children in villages``, was not confirmed. Hypothesis no. 2 ``Children up to 6 years of age most frequently suffer injuries when they are at home and their parents are not cautious enough``, was confirmed. The last determined hypothesis ``Children between 6 {--} 18 years of age get injured during active sports and traffic accidents most frequently``, was confirmed. It is more efficient to invest in preventative activities that reduce the number and seriousness of injuries in children. If we take measures to prevent injuries, the number of fatalities will go down.
|
|
|
Nursing diagnostics and nursing diagnoses in Pediatrics
FIKAROVÁ, Lucie
Children´s nursing has its particularities, whether in differences between child care during individual development stages or in the range of illnesses and their clinical manifestations. Nurses taking care of a child patient should observe all particularities of pediatric nursing which surely makes the nursing diagnostics diffucult and demanding. The theoretical part of the bachelor{\crq}s thesis {\clqq}Nursing diagnostics and nursing diagnoses in pediatrics`` opens with a description of pediatrics alongside with an outline of history and development in pediatric nursing. The following part of the thesis describes the current state of child care. The main operating method used by nurses who take care of hospitalized children complies with the Section 4 (1) of the decree No. 424/2004 concerning the nursing procedure. Nursing diagnostics is one of the stages described in the nursing procedure. The following parts of the thesis include detailed accounts of the theory of nursing diagnostics, taxonomy of nursing diagnoses, and particularities of the nursing diagnoses in pediatrics. The survey was based on quantitative method by way of questinnaires. Also, the data content analysis was utilized in order to complete the data acquired. The aim of the bachelor{\crq}s thesis was to find out whether the nurses addressed knew the nursing diagnoses used in pediatrics, if they use such diagnoses in practice, and what is the biggest obstacle when performing nursing diagnostics in pediatrics. The outcome from the data collected proves all three hypotheses correct. Hypothesis 1 is: Nurses have a good command of nursing diagnostics in pediatrics. Hypothesis 2 is: Nurses utilize individually the nursing diagnoses in pediatrics. Hypothesis 3 is: Lack of time is considered to be the biggest obstacle while using the nursing diagnostics in pediatrics by nurses. The survey has also found out that there are utilized different taxonomies for nursing diagnoses with respect to differences at various age and other particularities, which certainly respects the child as an individual human being but makes the diagnostics more time demanding. Therefore it is suggested to unify the used terminology within individual departments with respect to a number of published books on nursing diagnostics in pediatrics and make otherwise time demanding nursing work a little easier.
|
|
|
Nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases
HEČKOVÁ, Šárka
This thesis deals with the problems of nursing in children with diarrhoeal diseases. Diarrhoea ranks the second most common disease in children and is often the reason for hospitalization because of its serious complications. Apart from the basis disease, admission to hospital represents a huge psychical stress for both a child and a family. Handling the situation depends also on the nursing personnel in a large extent. In the theoretical part you can find the division and specification of the most common causes, symptoms and basic treatment of diarrhoea. The theory is followed by the most common nursing problems developed during the nursing of children with diarrhoreal diseases. They include dehydration, pain, disrupted dermatic integrity, hyperthermia, loss of appetite, fear and anxiety. The possible causes of the occurence of nursing problems and their following solution are practically explained there. In the empirical part we dealt with the question if the presence of company leads to the hospitalization time shortening. For this purpose ten nursing records were noted. In five records the attention is paid to children hospitalized with the company of parents and further, five records of children hospitalized without the company of a close person are taken. After the analysis of the nursing records the following hypothesis resulted. Hypothesis 1: Permanent care to the limit of two nurses positively influences the adaptation of a child. Hypothesis 2: Presence of a company in a handicapped child leads to the hospitalization time shortening. Hypothesis 3: Nurses can influence the experience of children for their lifetime by their nursing. The nursing also includes the assesment and solution of nursing diagnoses. From the analysis of nursing documentation of hospitalized children (to the age of ten), the most common nursing diagnoses occuring in children with diarrhoeal diseases resulted. The presupposed hypothesis that the most often stated nursing diagnosis is the shotage of body fluids was proved. This result includes the fact that the need of fluids in babies and toddlers is considerably higher than in children and adults. Finally, it is possible to say that the results of the thesis advert to nursing problems which are solved during the care of children with diarrhoeal diseases. They can also help nurses realize the mistakes they make during the nursing of children with diarrhoeal diseases and improve the quality of nursing these children.
|
|
|
Organizations for children in crisis situation in the city of Zlín
CHUDÁRKOVÁ, Alice
The Bachelor thesis deals with crisis situations in the lives of children and young people, as well as with organizations that help them in such situations. Its partial aim was mapping the most frequent crisis situations and finding whether the children of the city of Zlín knew where to turn in the case of need. I made use of both quantitative and qualitative methods in elaborating the thesis. The technique chosen for the quantitative research was that of a questionnaire for children and young people; as to the qualitative research of professionals from organizations, I used the technique of semi-standardized interviews. The research confirmed the hypothesis that assumed that children and young people in the city of Zlín were informed insufficiently about the possibilities of help in the case of a crisis situation. Social workers warn that primary prevention is important {--} preventive programmes at schools, in the streets and in low-threshold facilities. Organizations in the city of Zlín offer a numer of both primary and secondary preventive programmes, from spare-time activities through lectures at schools up to psychological counselling. Such programmes enable children to gain better knowledge of their rights and duties as well as to acquire certainty in case they get into a hard-to-solve life situation. The results of the research proved that there was still considerable space for the education of primary school pupils in this respekt. The results processed were passed over to the professionals from thed organizations where the interview had taken place, and further they will serve as a feedback for their work. The Bachelor thesis may serve for re-evaluation of the effectiveness of programmes for primary school pupils and lead to an increase in numbers of lectures organized for the pupils at schools.
|
|
|
Crime and juvenile delinquency in basic schools in the Klatovy District.
BLÁHOVÁ, Václava
This dissertation looks at crime and juvenile delinquency in basic schools in the Klatovy District. The theoretical section gives a concise appraisal of Act No. 218/2003 Coll., on Juvenile Justice, as well as the internal and external factors potentially influencing the socially pathological behaviour of young people. The study examines current patterns of youth criminality in the Czech Republic and developing trends connected with the issue over recent years, which it then briefly compares to the wider EU experience. The possibilities for intervention work by government departments dealing with education, the police and the justice system with young people at risk is studied in the subsequent chapter. The overall aim of the dissertation is to map the occurrence of predominantly minor offences and juvenile delinquency at basic schools in the Klatovy District in terms of gender, as I suspect that this indicator will feature strongly in the structure of socially pathological youth behaviour. Research was used to determine young people{\crq}s awareness regarding liability for their actions, and what kinds of offences or delinquent activities they most frequently perpetrate. An anonymous questionnaire with 32 closed, half-open and open format questions was used to collect data, and was presented to 303 respondents in years 7, 8 and 9 at five different basic schools. Of the total number of students, 49% were female and 51% male. Schools were deliberately chosen to fulfil the task set by the dissertation, i.e. the question of gender was a primary concern. The aim of the questionnaire was to find out what kinds of socially pathological activities are perpetrated by youths at basic school, and based on the subsequent findings, to decide whether current intervention work with young people at risk in the Klatovy District is sufficient. The research itself corresponds in several areas with data available from the Youth Crime Prevention Officer. In particular, it confirms that delinquency often involves driving motor vehicles without driving licences and the consumption of alcohol. The survey investigation demonstrated young people{\crq}s ignorance of the various age thresholds of criminal liability for their actions, the ascendancy of petty theft, aggression towards classmates and the consumption of illegal drugs. The research points to the conclusion that intervention and work with these groups of young people at risk in the Klatovy District, in terms of preventing illegal drug use and therapy, is insufficient, which similarly applies to the prevention of petty theft, consumption of alcohol, bullying and driving without a valid licence. The elimination of such pathological behaviour will only be successful provided that closer contact is established between school students and prevention workers (school psychologists, counsellors, etc.), as well as other potential organisations, such as the Czech Police, anti-drug co-ordinators and social workers.
|
guest ::
