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Euthanasia as a conflict of ethical and legal principles
KRŠÍKOVÁ, Hana
The diploma thesis deals with the problem of euthanasia, especially with its legal and ethical aspects. The legal aspects are discussed with respect to human rights, to the legislative system of the European countries that legalized euthanasia, and to the potential dangers connected with the legalization of mercy killing. The chapters considering ethical aspects draw on essential ethical values and their application in the connection with euthanasia. A particular ethical theory, utilitarianism, is briefly described, and attention i also given to the current development of the social consciousness from the moral concern to the emphasis on efficiency. The discussion of both legal and ethical aspects involves the opinions of the supporters as well as the opponents of euthanasia. In the conclusion the thesis refers to the possible conflict between the ethical and legal norms, which can be initiated by the legalization of euthanasia.
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Autonomy of woman in pregnancy and during labor.
NOVOTNÁ, Alena
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS The bachelor thesis deals with the woman's autonomy during pregnancy and childbirth. The theoretical part summarizes aspects related to the pregnant woman's choice. On the one hand the choice is supported by a wide range of professional documents and on the other hand, the individual woman's choice and needs determine to decide on what is happening during pregnancy and childbirth. It is important to mention the documents in which the autonomy of women is firmly established, for example the Convention on Biomedicine and internationally recognized code of ethics for midwives or initiative called Ten Steps to optimal maternity care. In practice, autonomy is realized through the nursing process. The thesis deals with real woman's options of choice during pregnancy and birth process at each stage. Working in a chronological sequence describes the process of pregnancy and childbirth including situations that directly require or encourage pregnant women to decision-making. The theoretical part also portrays the birth process according to available resources and under the usual conditions prevailing in the Czech obstetrics including individual choice resulting from them for a pregnant woman. The practical part of the thesis presents the results of research through specific wishes and choices of pregnant women. These outcomes regard pregnancy and childbirth including factors that have an impact on a pregnant woman in matters of pregnancy and birth process. AIMS OF THE STUDY The survey aims to explain which decisions regarding pregnancy and childbirth are considered to be important for a pregnant woman. The second part of the research is to explore what factors influence the decision of a pregnant woman factors in matters of pregnancy and childbirth. THE METHODS USED To find the information needed qualitative research was used the depth interviews. The data were collected with women after spontaneous delivery at the Department of confinement. The data was analyzed in depth by the "paper and pencil" and then divided into four categories. All results of the research have been confronted with available theoretical knowledge in discussion. RESULTS The research showed that the interviewed women do not have much need to participate in decision making on issues related to pregnancy or childbirth. According to statements respondents applied most often when deciding on the choice of hospital, presence of a loved one, and in the case of non-pharmacological methods of pain control. In situations where expert knowledge was conditional the interviewed women left the autonomy in the hands of personnel. As the second part of the research turned out, two factors influence the decision making process during childbirth. The main determinants of the autonomy of pregnant women is awareness and current psychological state. It was found that awareness and current psychological state are the main determinants of the pregnant woman's autonomy in matters relating to pregnancy and childbirth. Internet and experience (own or indirect) were identified as the most frequently mentioned source of information for pregnant women. CONCLUSION Research investigation was able to roughly identify the wishes of women during pregnancy and childbirth. The autonomy support of pregnant women requires a higher level of awareness of women and individual approach. The knowledge gained can be presented at a seminar for midwives. Results of the investigation would be appropriate to supply with a quantitative method that would complement the problems of the statistical value.
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Coaching as social work tool and its ethical aspects in relationship to individuals
VÁGAIOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis deals with coaching as social work tool and with its ethical aspects in relationship to individual. It is divided into three parts. In the first part, I define the coaching itself, as well as its solution and its types. I also distinguish the coaching from different types of social work, such as counselling and therapy; then I set the coaching into social work helping scope. The second part is focused on the relationship between the client and the helping worker while using coaching. Here I present the relationship paradigms, the helping worker aspect (with emphasis on competence and personal disposition) and the client aspect (with focus on his conception and his inner world). This part deals with the topic of help and control as well. In the third part I look into ethical aspects that are crucial in the client's and worker's relationship, aspects that follow from the definition of this relationship from the second part of the thesis, such as freedom, dignity, respect, autonomy, self-determination, worker's personality, preferences, responsibility, conscience and power.
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Substitute family care-ethhical view of life choice
ŠABACKÁ, Lenka
This thesis deals with the theme of substitute family care, which is currently topical. The aim of my thesis is to look and bring into the problems of substitute family care in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is focused on the forms of substitute family care and their characteristics. There is described a mediation of adoption and foster care, where inherently belongs a motivation of applicants. An integral part of substitute family care is also the issue of adoption child from different ethnicity and influence of biological family on upbringing by his substitute parents. There are also explained ethical principles which play an important role in solution of ethical problems and dilemmas in substitute family care.
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Specific Aspects of the Basque Economy
Póčová, Martina ; Jiránková, Martina (advisor) ; Sejkora, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on specific economic aspects of the Basque Country, one of the 17 autonomous regions of Spain. Macroeconomic data characterizing the Basque Country are mentioned at the beginning. They form the basis for the evaluation of the Basque position within Spanish economy and comparison with other regions. The main objective is to find the reasons why the Basque Country became one of the most economically successful regions. The conclusion outlines the historical context of Basque separatism and possible solutions of future political situation.
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Abortion for underage people - ethical context
FILIPOVÁ, Petra
FILIPOVÁ, P. Abortion for underage people ? ethical context. České Budějovice, 2013. A diploma thesis written under Faculty of Health and Social Studies, the thesis advisor Mgr. et Mgr. Ondřej Doskočil, Th.D. The diploma thesis tries to describe the issue of abortion for underage applicants and related context. This sensitive issue is regulated by the Law no 66/1986, of abortion. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first part deals with contemporary condition of abortion for underage people in general context. The following topics are analysed in the next step: historical context of abortion in the Czech Republic, relation of abortion and medicine, justificatory reasons of abortion and ethical context of this sensitive issue. Methods of abortion are described in the following section. One of the most crucial chapters is the consent and the steps which are taken in connection with underage patients. In the research part of the thesis, the strategy of qualitative research was used, which was performed by the method of interrogation. The semistructured interview was chosen as a technique for the interrogation. The research file consisted of 5 male and 3 female doctors from gynaecological surgeries and from the women department of hospitals from different parts of the Czech Republic. The aim of the diploma thesis was to describe the recent situation of providing consent about performing abortion of underage applicants for this medical intervention; to find out and describe how male and female doctors of gynaecological surgeries and women departments of hospitals deals with the whole abortion of underage people issue as professionals but also personally. The last of the generated aims was to point out ethical context connected with the issue on the basis of new-found information. In order to reach the aims mentioned above, we used a set of questions which were focused on the abortion for underage applicants procedure and on the issue of the consent about performing this medical intervention. In the discussion chapter, the answers from the interviews are summarized and those answers are compared with available literature and they are supported with arguments. In the end, thesis which can serve as hypothesis for possible quantitative research were defined. From the research, it came out that questioned male and female doctors prefer legal aspect of medical care when deciding at the expense of ethical aspects and they also notice a conflict between legal adjustment of abortion for underage people and legal adjustment of other medical interventions connected with this age group. It also came out that laws should origin from the deep conviction of the whole society because nobody cannot be sure how he or she would act in this situation. Interviewees emphasise that an underage girl should learn how to act with responsibility. If she feels mature enough for sexual life, she should also bear all the consequences of her decision. The thesis also refers to the question of the genesis of life as modern biology proves uniqueness of an individual from the moment of conception. Outcomes of the research could be used for description of the whole situation connected with abortion for underage people, for discovering this issue and extension of laymen and professional community awareness. The research could be also useful for helping professions.
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Intensifying Prefixes in the present-day French
KUČEROVÁ, Blanka
The aim of this work is to describe the character of prefixes, mainly the intensifying ones, on the basis of specialized literature. Then, we will evaluate the current use of intensifying prefixes in French. Frantext, the linguistic database, and Google will serve to evaluate it. The research will be proved by the method of corpus analysis. This work includes two parts. In the theoretical part, all the terms connected to the topic of derivation will be explained. Simultaneously, we will present the modern theories of word-formation, with the emphasis on derivation. The characateristics of chosen intensifying prefixes will be followed by practical part: Corpus analysis.
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Nursing - autonomous profession in a care
PETRŮ, Štěpánka
Nursing has undergone major changes under the influence of recent social events. Due to the influence of new circumstances, it was also necessary to radically approach to the new concept of nursing fields. Then we can register attempts to make the nursing profession independent. That is why the main representatives of this profession have adopted more efficient approach to the care for the patient. The development of the research in nursing helps them significantly, as well as high level of education of nurses, new management techniques and monitoring of the quality of provided nursing care. All mentioned elements lead to support and strengthening of autonomy of the nursing field. We dealt with this issue, because we perceive the position of nursing and the social status of nurses as unsatisfactory. With creating our diploma thesis we would like to contribute to a few literary sources, that are directly engaged in the issue of autonomy of the nursing field. The theoretical part of our thesis was divided into two parts. In the first part we focus on the explanation of the concept of autonomy of nursing and the impact of activity of the nurse with regards to the autonomy of the profession. The second part of the thesis makes clear elements, which significantly strengthen the autonomy of the nursing field. The aim of this thesis is the following: 1. To explore whether nurses and doctors consider nursing as an autonomous scientific field. 2. To map barriers preventing the perception of nursing as an autonomous scientific field. 3. To determine current possibilities for strengthening the autonomy of the nursing field. The empirical part of the thesis is formed by the combination of quantitative and qualitative research. In the quantitative part of the investigation, we were interested in three research hypotheses. 1. Nurses perceive education as a potential acquisition of skills in order to ensure the autonomy of the profession for the benefit of the patient. 2. Nurses present nursing in public as a separate profession. 3. Status of the autonomy of nursing allows to promote results of the research in providing the nursing care. The method of querying with the assistance of questionnaire was used for the data processing of the quantitative part of the research. It contained 41 questions. There were used closed, half-open and open questions in the questionnaire. There were used pie charts and tables for processing of responses. The 2nd degree classification was used for the statistical evaluation of the results. The researched group for the quantitative part of the investigation were nurses from ambulant and bedded sectors of two health care facilities. There were distributed 220 questionnaires in total, 134 (100 %) correctly completed pieces were kept for processing. The querying method using the technique of semi-structured questionnaire containing seven open questions was used for the qualitative part of the research. Four chairwomen of sections of ČAS, who received the questionnaire via e-mail, actively participated on the investigation of the research. Individual responses were analyzed and subsequently processed into diagrams. In this empirical investigation we identified the answers to three research questions. 1. What is the position of chairwomen of sections of ČAS for promoting and defending nursing as an autonomous profession? 2. What obstacles perceived by chairwomen of sections of ČAS slow down the enforcement of autonomy of the nursing field? 3. What can be done to strengthen the autonomy of nursing in the group of other science or professional disciplines? The research questions sent in the form of half-structured questionnaire were answered by four chairwomen of sections of ČAS. We found out on the basis of obtained results, that nurses do not consider nursing as an autonomous scientific field.
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Support of senior's autonomy - Social Services in Milevsko town
HEJNOVÁ, Bohdana
The work focuses on the characteristics of aging and the problems that arise in old age. The work deals with this subject by looking at exactly what can be expected during this period of life by looking at the demographic and challenging society's views of the aging population. It clearly highlights the importance of quality leisure time for supporting the autonomy of the elderly. The aim of the work is to present the Social Services in Milevsko Town as a vital organisation supporting the autonomy and mental well being of the elderly. It's mission is to provide assistance and support for seniors in order for them to both remain part of the local community and retain their independence.
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