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Vibrational modes of nucleic acids components characterized by means of variable proton-deuterium exchange
Zoul, David ; Štěpánek, Josef (advisor) ; Šloufová, Ivana (referee)
Although the nucleon acid oscillatory spectra have been studied for a long period of time, many of oscillating modes have not been properly explained regarding their geometric sensitivity and weak binding. One of the possibilities how to acquire experimental data for interpretation of theese modes is to confront oscillating spectra of isotopes. The simplest is proton - deutron exchange. When molecules dissolve in heavy water they rapidly exchange the heteroatoms, but this is simultaneous for more stages, which leads to dynamic equilibrium state among various isotope forms. Statistic analysis of temporal progression of Raman spectra give us the possibility to analyze the spectra and to obtain unique experimental data. This technique is very promising for more complex nucleon acid segments to gain more structural information. This diploma thesis represents pilot study of introduced methodics. The objective is to implement adaptation of Raman spectrometr for given types of expiments and undertake first series of measurements. The results should clarify application bounds of proposed method refering to sensitivity, time constant of incident isotope exchange, severity of read-out in comparasion of achieved accuracy of the measurement.
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Design of compact spectrograph with shiftable spectral range based on transmission gratings
Malina, Jan ; Pořízka, Pavel (referee) ; Novotný, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to design a compact spectrometer with a transmission grating and a shiftable spectral range for the method of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The work in the theoretical part contains a basic description of spectroscopy and spectroscopic methods of LIBS, spectrometer and its individual parts. The practical part describes the spectrometer design procedure, introduces selected components and comments on the reason for their selection. Selected components are assembled into the final form of a spectrometer, which is further tested with the help of a simulation program to confirm its functionality. The result of the work is a comprehensive overview of the individual components of the spectrometer, aspects of its construction together with instructions and advice on its assembly, along with an example in the form of a designed set of commonly available catalog components.
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Impact of the atmosphere on laser ablation of matters
Černá, Svatava ; Hrdlička, Aleš (referee) ; Pořízka, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with a general overview of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy - ablation of material and plasma formation when a change of the surrounding environment occurs. The aim is to establish ideal conditions for improving detection, which is difficult for some elements when the measurement takes place in the ambient atmosphere. This is the reason why we change the ambient conditions, the gas (air, helium, argon) and its pressure. Buffer gases (helium, argon) influence the development of the material ablation and quality of generated plasma. That is why we inspect the changes in the signal according to particular atmospheres (signal change in buffer gases compared to the ambient atmosphere). The first part of the thesis presents the principle and physical nature of laser ablation with a brief search of experiments performed so far for similar purposes. Based on this search we determine conclusions about the influence of buffer gasses and pressure on the detection used gasses. In the second part of the work, the controlled experiment is presented, which consisted of the detection of spectral lines of fluorine and potassium, see chapter 5.6 and molecular transitions of calcium fluoride, see chapter 5.10. In a controlled experiment, we established two assumptions. The first assumption is the influence of the inert gas atmosphere, which should significantly improve the detection of fluorine and potassium compared to the air atmosphere. We confirmed this finding only for the argon atmosphere. In contrast, in the helium atmosphere, the detection of none of the elements improved. The second assumption is the effect of reducing the ambient pressure, which in combination with an inert gas should allow the detection of fluorine even at low concentrations in the sample. We consider the measured glass disk in chapter 5.7 to be such a sample. This assumption is not confirmed, as the increased intensity of the fluorine spectral line does not manifest itself in any way when the pressure in the vacuum chamber decreases. Finally, in chapter 7 from the results of individual parts of the experiment, the most suitable conditions for the future detection of the measured substances were proposed: fluorine, potassium and calcium fluoride molecules.
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A new generation of electronic cigarettes
Kodad, Daniel ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
The subject of the bachelor thesis Electronic cigarettes of the new generation is the research and comparison of two electronic cigarettes which use heated tobacco systems with regards to emitted particles. The subject of the experiments was the electronic cigarette I quit ordinary smoking (IQOS) and electronic cigarette GLO. For the purposes of this work an experimental track was designed in the Aerosol Research Laboratory at BUT FME where the emitted particles from electronic cigarettes mentioned above were measured using instruments Aerosol Particle Sizer 3321 and TSI SMPS 3936.
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Vibrational modes of nucleic acids components characterized by means of variable proton-deuterium exchange
Zoul, David ; Štěpánek, Josef (advisor) ; Šloufová, Ivana (referee)
Although the nucleon acid oscillatory spectra have been studied for a long period of time, many of oscillating modes have not been properly explained regarding their geometric sensitivity and weak binding. One of the possibilities how to acquire experimental data for interpretation of theese modes is to confront oscillating spectra of isotopes. The simplest is proton - deutron exchange. When molecules dissolve in heavy water they rapidly exchange the heteroatoms, but this is simultaneous for more stages, which leads to dynamic equilibrium state among various isotope forms. Statistic analysis of temporal progression of Raman spectra give us the possibility to analyze the spectra and to obtain unique experimental data. This technique is very promising for more complex nucleon acid segments to gain more structural information. This diploma thesis represents pilot study of introduced methodics. The objective is to implement adaptation of Raman spectrometr for given types of expiments and undertake first series of measurements. The results should clarify application bounds of proposed method refering to sensitivity, time constant of incident isotope exchange, severity of read-out in comparasion of achieved accuracy of the measurement.
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Planar, linear and fold structures of Blanik orthogneiss
MORAVCOVÁ, Kateřina
This MSc. thesis deals with a research of Blanik orthogneiss and its planar and linear structural elements. The work is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides an overview deformation processes in geological bodies and resulting structures. The practical part provides a structural analysis of 34 outcrops in the area of interest. Outcrops are described in terms of petrological characteristic and its geological structures, which were measured. Final data were transformed into diagrams. One sample of the blanik orthogneiss was also subjected to microstructural analysis. Twelve samples were analyzed by a portable spectrometer Delta Professional.
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Fiber optic spectrometer
Krausová, Petra ; Münster, Petr (referee) ; Urban, František (advisor)
The purpose of this thesis is familiar with the problem of optical spectroscopy. The thesis describes the optical dispersion elements and spectral instruments. A separate chapter is devoted to Fourier spectroscopy, which in turn is based on a new technology SWIFTS described in the next chapter, in which the SWIFTS spectrometers compared with currently used spectral analyzers. The thesis then designs and evaluates experimental measuring which analyzes the detection of longitudinal distribution of radiation intensity in the optical fiber.
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Emisivity and its Impact on the Heat Conductivity
Gančev, Jan ; Hejátková, Edita (referee) ; Szendiuch, Ivan (advisor)
This work deals with the issue of emissivity and its impact on the heat dissipation.The first part describes the basics of thermal management, the issue of emissivity and its measurement. In the second, experimental part, are dedicated the emissivity values of examined specimens. These values are then used as initial conditions for the thermal simulation. In the last part are compared the measured results and the simulated results and is evaluated the impact of emissivity for the heat dissipation.
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Using the camera sensor in the measuring technique
Srba, Tomáš ; Čejka, Miloslav (referee) ; Bejček, Ludvík (advisor)
This bachelor thesis describes using of the Checkers in measuring technology, for control and picture comparing with picture reference by pixel match. Is describe part of machine vision as branch of industry automation. The bachelor thesis content summarized and described the basic methods, for image processing, function CCD and CMOS sensors, there are introduced standards of color signal encoding. Project this bachelor thesis is parameter checking of the checker. Special part of this work is description of working station for demonstration parameters checking of the checker. Program documentation of the Checker 101/E101 from COGNEX helps with design step by step.
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Design of a spectrometer accessory for absolute reflectance measurements
Šustek, Štěpán ; Antoš, Martin (referee) ; Klus, Jakub (advisor)
This paper describes the design and the design solution of an extension for measurement of an absolute reflectance using Perkin Elmer Lambda 45. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the basic theory of optics, knowledge of which is necessary for the proper function of the optical components used in the design. The second part provides an overview of configurations used in the practice to measure both the relative and the absolute reflectance. The last section includes the final design solution of the extension.
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