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In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus
Lyčková, Lenka ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Lenka Lyčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus The aim of this work is to determine the efficacy of new compounds for possible treatment of tuberculosis in the future. A microdilution broth method with already proven procedure on Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis strains was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of compounds. The theoretical part summarizes the epidemiological situation of recent years with global trends in the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in the world and in the Czech Republic, including prospective plans for remediation in the time horizon. Mycobacteria are described in the main representation with M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis disease - its history, forms, diagnosis and treatment with antituberculotics, which are divided according to the use lines, new drugs and drugs in development. The experimental part contains qualitative and quantitative methods of testing mycobacteria and captures the microdilution broth method used in...
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Antituberculotic susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
SUCHÁ, Denisa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first described by a German physician and microbiologist Robert Koch in the year 1882. It is an obligate pathogen, which causes a very serious infectious disease - tuberculosis. This disease is an important epidemiological problem all over the world. It is necessary to diagnose all the clinical cases of the disease, isolate the patiens and apply an adequate treatment to reduce the incidence of the disease and to prevent its spread. Essential for the diagnosis of tuberculosis is a confirmation by cultivation, i.e. isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical specimens, exact identification of the isolates and antitubercular drug susceptibility testing. The theme of this thesis was to determine the susceptibility to the basic anti-tubercular agents (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide). The theoretical part provides an overview of susceptibility testing methods. A group of 275 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from January 2008 to June 2013 from clinical specimens, in the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, the Laboratory for Diagnosis of Mycobacteria was examined within the practical part. The susceptibility to antitubercular drugs was tested in all the isolates by two methods the proportion method (Canetti, 1963) and the method in semi-closed system BACTEC? MGITÔ 960. The results showed 100% concordance between both methods. The resistance was proved to at least one of the basic antitubercular drugs in 24 of tested isolates. The file was also evaluated from the demographical and epidemiological point of view. There was a higher incidence of tuberculosis among men (75% men and 25% women). In terms of age, the highest incidence has been shown between 40 and 60 years of age. The percentage of foreigners in the investigated group was 30 %. The Czech Republic is a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis,however, this situation can not be underestimated, if only due to the fact that there is a constant migration of people into the Czech Republic from the countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis and its drug-resistant strains.
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Socio-economic characteristics of patients in Humpolec Medical Institution for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
PRŮŠOVÁ, Ivana
This bachelor's thesis deals with monitoring of socio-economic characteristics of tuberculosis patients treated in Humpolec Medical Institution for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. The thesis introductory part informs us about tuberculosis history, epidemiological characteristic of this disease, diagnostics, clinical knowledge and preventive measures. This part was elaborated using the method of data secondary analysis. The quantitative research was carried out in the thesis second part. The data acquired via questionnaire inquiry were evaluated statistically by means of graphs. The thesis objective was to map socio-economic characteristics of tuberculosis patients. The discussion about the acquired results is held in the thesis third part. Falling ill with tuberculosis in our conditions is mainly the issue of old people and further of people with their low socio-economic standard. Czech Republic ranks among the countries where the socio-economic conditions are good. It is especially thanks to the functioning system of this infection supervision and uncompromising observance of preventive measures. Into the future it is important to map and check risk groups of population and also influx of foreigners from the countries with this disease high incidence. The thesis can be used as information material for prevention in this area.
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Management pacientů s diagnózou TBC
Konrádová, Paula Bc. ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Střítecký, Rudolf (referee)
Práce popisuje onemocnění TBC. Dále šíření, průběh, diagnostiku, léčbu a prevenci tohoto onemocnění v České republice. Navazují informace o výskytu TBC ve světě i v ČR. Praktická část je zaměřena na odborný léčebný ústav Jevíčko, konkrétně jeho historii, umístění, zaměření činnosti, obložnost lůžek, pacienty, zaměstnance, ekonomický popis léčby TBC v sanatoriu Jevíčko a ekonomickou pozici této léčebny.
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