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Physiotherapy of a displaced disc with reposition of a temporomandibular joint
BROŽKOVÁ, Aya
The topic of my bachelor thesis is physiotherapy of a displaced disc with reposition of a temporomandibular joint. It is a functional disorder, when the mandible disc is not in a physiological position and creates an obstacle for a condyle movement. When mouth is fully opened the disc does not return to its original position. This moment is characteristic with a clicking sound. Another symptom is inclining of the chin to the disordered site when the mouth is being opened. Main cause of TMD is stress, bad occlusion and a long-term micro trauma of TMJ. It is a topical issue, because an increase of stress in daily life causes also more TMD. Almost 70 % of the population has the TMD, in most of the cases the TMJ disc is in a wrong position. The therapy of this kind of disorder should be done by physiotherapist. Unfortunately knowledge of diagnosis and healing of the TMD is not sufficient. The disorder is recognized usually by dentists, who send a patient to a specialized clinic. The goal of my work was examining of mastication and neck muscle spasms. In the work there are also described physiotherapeutic possibilities of healing including postural strategy. I have created informational booklet for patients, in which saving method for TMJ healing, exercises, ergonomic principles and correct posture both when sitting and standing are presented. The research was done by 14 case analysis, analytic-inductive method and experimental work. Patients were randomly divided into three groups. As a first step TMJ and cervical spine of each patient and their posture were examined. The examination of TMJ consisted of diagnosis, extent and symmetry of an opening movement and palpation examination of the cervical spine. Therapy was six weeks long. Each patient was introduced to TMJ saving method, which is based on limitation of a TMJ movement, eating soft food and elimination of stress. In the first group (5 patients) the therapy was focused only on mastication muscles. Patients were supposed to be exercising to loosen the muscles of mastication. Exercises were chosen after palpation examination. Third group (4 patients) did neck muscle exercises and self massage. Second group (5 patients) did the therapy of both first and third group. Results of the therapy show, that there is a possible connection between TMD and cervical spine dysfunction. There were positive (evaluated subjectively) changes in both TMJ and in all groups. The condition of TMJ is influenced by neck muscle therapy and the condition of cervical spine is influenced by mastication muscle therapy. Best results had the second group. All patients but one improved (one lady had a TMJ inflammation). There were no deterioration of TMJ and cervical spine condition either. There were some worsening in group one and three. The best therapy is a combination of exercises of both mastication and neck muscles. I would like to point out a fact that TMJ is one of the most complicated and busy joints in human body. Both TMJ are connected to mandible so dysfunction of one joint can lead to problems with the other one. Physiotherapy is needed most in cases of functional disorder.
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Physiotherapy in the eyes of the general public
ZACHOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor degree thesis offers an analysis of the views of the lay public, i.e., non-medical persons, about physiotherapy. Physiotherapy forms a part of the complex process of rehabilitation, and plays an important role in preventive, diagnostic and medical care. This thesis consists of two sections: theory and practical. The theory section deals with the history of physiotherapy, complex rehabilitation and the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health. The chapter entitled Physiotherapy explains the aims of this field, the training of physiotherapists and the scope of their work, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic tools used. This chapter also includes a code of ethics, a list of professional associations, a code of standards for physiotherapists, and possibilities of payments for the provided physiotherapeutic services. The final chapter of the theory section gives the definition of the words ?massage? and ?massage therapist?. The practical section aims to find out the level of knowledge the general public has about the meaning of the word ?physiotherapy? and its associated expressions, the physiotherapist training system, the uses to which physiotherapy and spa care could be applied, and the role physiotherapy plays in the Czech health system. My survey took the form of a quantitative research, and the data were collected from responses given in the questionnaires. Target groups were people from the regions of Vysočina and South Bohemia. They were classified into four age groups. The questionnaire consisted of 22 questions and the collected results were processed using the occurrence analysis method, and also displayed graphically. The survey proved that the general public needs to be better informed about the field of physiotherapy and physiotherapy treatment conditions. For this reason, an informative brochure containing all necessary information for the non-medical section of the population has been issued. This bachelor degree thesis can be used as learning material for current and former students of physiotherapy, as well as by other medical and non-medical professionals. It also encourages us to think about how to raise the image of physiotherapy both amongst the general public and healthcare specialists.
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Possibilities of prevention of occupational damage to musculosceletal system of physiotherapists
LEŠÁKOVÁ, Jana
This work has dealt with possibilities to prevent the locomotive system?s damages suffered by professional physiotherapists. The goal of this work is to map the demands of the physiotherapist?s job and to propose preventive measures preventing locomotive system?s damages suffered by professional physiotherapists. Another goal of this work is to find out the actual state of the locomotive system of the chosen group of physiotherapists and to collect information relating to their ways of prevention and their care for their own musculoskeletal system. The work contains the theoretical and the practical parts. The physiotherapy has been defined in the theoretical part, two most frequent damages of the physiotherapists? locomotive system have been analysed, and possibilities of prevention have been described there. The practical part contains the quantitative pre-research and the qualitative research. The qualitative pre-research is based on findings and frank answers by physiotherapists from different health-care facilities (hospitals, health resorts, rest homes, rehabilitation centres), located mostly in the region South Bohemia. The quantitative pre-research was realised with questionnaires asking eleven questions. The qualitative research consists in inquiring of two physiotherapists. A conclusion has been drawn from the realised anamnesis, a kinesiologic analysis, and observations made during the physiotherapist?s work. Preventive measures have been suggested that could prevent the development of locomotive system?s damages. It is the secondary prevention in most cases. Further information was collected in Finland, in the town Rovaniemi during the student exchange. The stay in Finland enabled to compare preventive approaches relating to ergonomics and other risk factors during the physiotherapist?s work in Scandinavia and in the Czech Republic. It was concluded from the research that professional physiotherapists know the hazard relating to locomotive system?s damages. They also know prevention possibilities; however, not everybody of them has applied them adequately during his/her practice. This work can motivate all physiotherapists to think about results of practising physiotherapy for a long time and to improve measures preventing damages of their own locomotive system.
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BASAL STIMULATION IN A COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION
SOUKUPOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the system of comprehensive rehabilitation and specifying its importance for physiotherapy. The theoretical part describes the system of comprehensive rehabilitation. It also focuses on the concept of basal stimulation, introduction of its origin, its current state in the Czech Republic and abroad, its nature, idea, general principles and its place in the system of comprehensive rehabilitation. Then the subject of interest of this concept is characterized, which is to promote the perception, mobility and communication of the client. When describing the elements of basal stimulation, those techniques are emphasised which, according to the obtained information and documents, might be used in physiotherapy. A separate chapter is devoted to physiotherapy for selected diagnosis, in which the basal stimulation is applied. Principles, procedures and applied concepts and methods are briefly summarised here. The practical part describes the process of research carried out in the day care centre Arpida o.s. in České Budějovice. The aim and the objective at the same time were to describe basal stimulation as the concept of comprehensive rehabilitation and to specify its importance for subsequent physiotherapy. This was done by qualitative research and created case studies of individual respondents, when information were taken from recorded medical history, biographical history, kinesiological analysis, evaluation of spasticity and examination of respiratory stereotype. Also information from the area of basal stimulation in the day care centre and information about the progress of physiotherapy were obtained. Subsequently the basal stimulation techniques were interconnected with the physiotherapeutic methods and concepts and the results were thoroughly recorded and evaluated. The results confirmed the positive influence of this scientific pedagogical ? nursing concept and the appropriateness of combination of its techniques with physiotherapy.
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Physiotherapy after Achilles tendo injuries
HERCOGOVÁ, Eva
At the present time there are more and more injuries of the Achilles tendon. We meet with varied opinions of the therapy which has connections with the injury status of the Achilles tendon. The task of this work is to find out the effect of two different physical therapy plans on the physical condition of patients. It follows the existence of differences in the total therapeutic length. It deals with the question of the application of the unit therapeutic plan for all the patients with the Achilles tendon injury. The synthesis of observations of Achilles tendon problems is the first aim of this work. The theoretical part of this work focuses on the synthesis of observations of Achilles tendon problems as well. The work defines different Achilles tendon injuries. The Achilles tendon rupture is described in detail. The pieces of knowledge about anatomy, investigation, diagnostic processes and possibilities of treatment which are mainly from physical therapy point of view are summarized. Complications, prognosis and prevention are mentioned in this work. The other aim of this work is to draw two different therapeutic plans of the homogeneous complex of two probands. The practical part of the work focuses on making varied therapeutic plans of the homogeneous complex of two probands since the time of removing the plaster bandage. The methodology of the qualitative research with techniques of the anamnestic conversation, observation and application of therapeutic plans withing the frame of two cases history one of which is total with the submission of physical therapy methods, concepts and physiatrics is mentioned and used. The other therapeutic plan misses physiatrics because not every rehabilitative places of work have the possibility to use the combined therapy. The results were evaluated by comparing of two output kinesiology analyses of the homogeneous complex of two probands. Both used therapeutic plans have positive effect in reference to motivation to a patient to another therapy, improving quantity of motion of ankle joint and increasing of muscular force. It is not possible to make the unified therapeutic plan for every patients with the Achilles tendon injury. It is necessary to follow the individualization which continues the detailed input checkup. It is also more profitable to include the complex physical therapy plan to the rehabilitaion.
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Possibilities of Physiotherapy in paraplegic athletes, floorball players
KAŠTÁNKOVÁ, Marta
In recent decades a care of people with spinal cord lesions has changed dramatically. A current available literature points to the fact that the quality of life, whether in physical, mental or health level achieved an improvement. The physical activity for people in a chronic phase of the spinal cord injury is a key issue that contributes to maintaining an optimal health condition. Atypical movement stereotype resulting from the movement on the wheel-chair conduces to a possible overload of the body structures and subsequent health problems. These difficulties then may limit people with special needs in the movement, work as well as self-sufficiency. An aim of a theoretical part of the thesis was to identify existing knowledge on the impact of the physical activity on the state of paraplegics, on possible health problems resulting from the overloading and what physiotherapeutic methods could affect these issues. An aim of a practical part was an application of theoretical procedures into practice in a treatment of three sporting paraplegics. In the practical part there was conducted a qualitative research at three randomly selected people, floorball players. Men aged between 24 to 29 years with the paraplegia with a height of the lesion of Th8 - Th11. An observation of the patients was carried out for five weeks. Then a kinesiology analysis and three case-studies were conducted. After it a subjective opinion on the impact of sport on the musculoskeletal system and mental state was investigated by an interviewing technique with a specific question. Difficulties with a shoulder joint were identified at all three monitored individuals. Individually assembled and guided therapy led to the improvement of the shoulder girdle function at all three persons, to a an overall improvement of the sitting posture on the wheel-chair, to a treatment of the muscle imbalances and to an alleviation of the spine pain. The interview results showed that a regular sporting activity had a positive impact on the patients´ mental status. However, it negatively affected them by increasing demands on the whole musculoskeletal system.
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POSSIBILITIES OF USING THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH IN PHYSIOTHERAPY
DRÁBOVÁ, Zuzana
At present, when an international communication across health systems is quite common, there is a growing need to establish a common language which could be used for an expert´s communications from different countries and disciplines. A uniform language for encoding a wide range of information is provided by classifications that belong to a Family of International Classifications of World Health Organization (WHO-FIC). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was officially approved in 2001 and it forms and a conceptual framework for describing the disability. In the Czech Republic the Communication No. 431/2009 Coll. came into effect from 1 July 2010; it introduces ICF classification into a clinical practice. The physiotherapy is a part of the comprehensive rehabilitation system and people with the disability form a target group of patients for this field of specialization. We use many specific methods to examine motion systems and all his parts, the most of them are subjective. Still, we must find a way how to code the information obtained during the examination under a single scheme and the universal language given by ICF. This thesis demonstrate an importance of ICF classification and it could be a suggestion how to use the classification for an evaluation of the patient´s functional status by selected examination methods in an everyday practice of physiotherapists.
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Physiotherapy in radicular syndromes of lower limbs
TATEROVÁ, Tereza
The subject of the baccalaureate thesis is radicular syndromes physiotherapy at lower extremities. It is a disorder that forms because of spinal radix comression and it happens for different reasons. The disorder has a typical localization of clinical symptoms according to the affected nerve radix. Dorsodynia and shooting pain into accessory limb that relates to hypokinesia is typical. The objective of the first part of thesis was to make an educational material about problems around radicular syndromes at lower extremities. In the theoretical part, information from the anatomy area, epidemiology and disorder etiology are presented, also clinical symptoms, examination procedures and possibilities of therapy, especially physiotherapy are included. The aim of the research part was to evaluate the effects of therapy from the view of the subjective patient's feelings. The survey mainly includes changes of hurtfulness, agility and sensation after the completion of therapy. In the applied part of the thesis a qualitative research strategy is used. As for the factual techniques, observation, discussion, special examination methods and, secondarily, data analysis, were used. The research took place at ambulatory physiotherapy ward at Milevsko health centre. In the file, there are results of two patients who were tested and the results are processed in the form of semiographies. They include clinical history, entry kinesiology analysis, therapy description, output kinesiology analysis and concluding assessment. At both cases both patients felt the pain reduced, agility was better and they were instructed. The thesis can be used as a source of information for general public and for other students.
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Verification of Special Exercises in the Physiotherapy Facilities in Jihlava
POLÁK, Ondřej
Back pain is one of the most common health problems in the world. The main focus of this thesis is specific exercises and treatment techniques to treat back pain. The first part describes the musculoskeletal system, muscle function, treatment techniques and exercises to treat back pain with the help of physiotherapy. Three physiotherapy and rehabilitation facilities in Jihlava, together with their clients with back pain, were chosen for this research. The main focus was the joint range mobility measurements, treating muscle dysbalances and providing clients specific exercises to stretch, to relax and improve their physical mobility in specific areas. The mobility measurements were done in two phases: during entrance and exit visits and the task was to identify how the specific exercises and treatment techniques relieve muscle dysbalances and back pain.
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The Importance of Physiotherapy in the Puerperal Period of the Woman
PAVLOVÁ, Lenka
The theme of this thesis is The importance of physiotherapy in the puerperal period in women. As far as pregnancy is concerned, not only is available excellent health care important for women, but there are a large number of organizations that provide advisory services, exercises for pregnant women, and antenatal education for mothers-to-be. Unfortunately, this care usually ends soon after childbirth and women in puerperium, who go through many physical and mental changes, are not given such attention. It is precisely in this period that women deserve some interest in their health status. In the field of physiotherapy, they should be given sufficient information about the changes undergoing in their organisms, about the effects and principles of exercises after childbirth, about the suitability of positioning and about other issues with which women who have just given birth meet. The objective of the thesis was to study the physical changes in women after childbirth, to develop a plan for rehabilitation exercises, and to explore whether individual therapy has a positive impact on the status of the mother. The theoretical part deals with the composition of the birth canal, physiological changes during pregnancy, childbirth problems, childbirth injuries, involutionary changes in the organism during puerperium, and appropriate physiotherapeutic methods. The experimental part is devoted to qualitative research where the following methods were used: history, status praesens, direct monitoring, exit examinations, case studies and a secondary data analysis. The research was conducted in two patients after physiological childbirth and in one patient after Caesarean section. These patients were selected from a basic sample of patients at a gynaecology and obstetrics department. The results of the thesis identified some positive effects of after-childbirth physiotherapy on the carriage of body, breathing stereotype, deep stabilization system and the adjustment of the most prominent muscle imbalances. The objectives of the thesis were met. The new findings, which this work has brought, undoubtedly include pointing out the importance of physiotherapy during this period, impossibility to standardize such care due to personhood of each woman, and the importance attention given to the woman?s body as a whole after childbirth because to care for only its most visibly affected parts is not enough.
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